Environmental input-output model and its analysis with a focus on the solid waste management sectors

An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.

Input-output Efficiency of Elements of Urban Construction Land in Beijing: Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of Jurisdiction

Based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method,and by using CCR and BCC model,Super Efficiency model and Malmquist model guided by input efficiency,the input-output efficiency of elements of urban construction land in different jurisdictions of Beijing from 2005 to 2015 was studied.The results showed that there were obvious differences between input-output efficiency of elements of urban construction land in different jurisdictions of Beijing,among which the efficiency of the core area of capital,Yanqing District,Fangshan District and Huairou District was relatively high,while the efficiency of Daxing District,Fengtai District and Miyun District was relatively low.There was no obvious correlation between efficiency differentiation and location factors,which is mainly caused by whether the land use in each jurisdiction has scale effect,whether the technology is improved,whether the input is redundant and whether the output is insufficient.For the jurisdiction of inefficient land use,we should strengthen the consciousness of intensive land use,improve the technical level,appropriately reduce the redundancy of input elements,and pay attention to the output of social and ecological benefits.

Agricultural Input and Output in Jiangsu Province with Case Analysis

[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.

Prediction Model of Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Outputs

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a standard non parametric approach to productivity analysis, especially to relative efficiency analysis of decision making units (DMUs). Extended to the prediction field, it can solve the prediction problem with multiple inputs and outputs which can not be solved easily by the regression analysis method.But the traditional DEA models can not solve the problem with undesirable outputs,so in this paper the inherent relationship between goal programming and the DEA method based on the relationship between multiple goal programming and goal programming is explored,and a mixed DEA model which can make all factors of inputs and undesirable outputs decrease in different proportions is built.And at the same time,all the factors of desirable outputs increase in different proportions.

Interval Sampling Method for Steady-State Simulation Output Analysis

A new algorithm namely the interval sampling method, applicable to the analysisof steady-state simulation output is proposed. This algorithm uses the time series analysisto carry out conrrelation analysis of the steady-state simulation output so as to obtain theobservation data which are actually uncorrelated in nature. On the basis of theseuncorrelated data gathered, some satisfactory deductions cam be made on the data under re search. A comparison between batch means method and the interval sampling method hasbeen performed by taking the M/M/l queuing system as an example. The results attestedthat the interval sampling method is mere accurate than the batch means method.

FORCE ANALYSIS CONSIDERING MANUFACTURE ERROR OF PIN-HOLE-OUTPUT MECHANISM IN CYCLOID DRIVE

Based on the analysis of the pin-hole-output mechanism in the cycloid drive,a more accurate force analysis method is provided, in which the manufacture error is considered, bywhich the contact force between pin and pin-hole can be calculated more accurately in the wholedriving process.

First order sensitivity analysis of magnetorheological fluid damper based on the output damping force

With many features,the magnetorheological fluid( MRF) damper is widely applied in the semiactive vibration control system. And sensitivity analysis is an important method to study the influence weight of various parameters on damping force characteristics. A mathematical model of the output damping force on the MRF damper is established by the mechanism modeling method,a first order output sensitivity equation is deduced and the expression of the first order output sensitivity function is obtained. The first-order sensitivity functions of ten design parameters are solved,and the influence degree of system parameters change on the output force of MRF damper is analyzed by comparing the sensitivity index of the parameters. Two sensitivities of vibration velocity and control current are obtained through experiment to prove the other parameters sensitivity analysis conclusion by analogy verification,which provides guidance for the structure optimization design of MRF damper.

Promoting Balance in Output Efficiencies for Cross-Efficiency Evaluation in Data Envelopment Analysis

Cross-efficiency evaluation is recognized as an effective way of efficiency assessment for a set of decision making units (DMUs) in the framework of data envelopment analysis (DEA). It has been generally suggested that secondary goals be introduced for cross-efficiency evaluation owing to the non-uniqueness of optimal solutions in self-evaluation. This paper develops a variety of secondary goals in the spirit of promoting balance in the output efficiencies of the DMU under evaluation. The proposed models attempt to make each output contribute as equally as possible to the self-evaluated efficiency. In this way, the weight flexibility can for one thing be reduced by the introduced secondary goals with selections from alternate optimal solutions, in addition to counting on the dilution of flexibility in the subsequent peer-evaluation. The proposed approach might be applicable to evaluation problems in which multiple outputs are considered important and balance is encouraged to put all dimensions into sufficient use. The effectiveness of the proposed approach and its comparisons with some relevant secondary goals are illustrated empirically using numerical examples.

Reliability Analysis of Production System of Fully-Mechanized Face Based on Output Statistic

Production system of fully-mechanized face is a complicated system composed of human, machine and environment, meantime influenced by various random factors. Analyzing the reliability of system needs plentiful data by means of system faults statistic. Based on the viewpoint that shift output of fully-mechanized face is the result of various random factors’ synthetical influence, the process of how to analyze its reliability was deduced by using probability theory, symbolic statistics theory and systematic reliability theory combined with the concrete case study in this paper. And it has been proved that this method is feasible and valuable.

Non-linear performance analysis and voltage control of MFC based on feedforward fuzzy logic PID strategy

Microbial fuel cell(MFC)is a kind of promising clean power supply energy equipment,but serious nonlinearities and disturbances exist when the MFC runs,and it is an important topic to guarantee that the output voltage reaches the setting value quickly and smoothly.Regulating the feeding flow is an effective way to achieve this goal,and especially,the satisfactory results can be achieved by regulating anode feeding flow.In this work,a feedforward fuzzy logic PID algorithm is proposed.The fuzzy logic system is introduced to deal with the non-linear dynamics of MFC,and corresponding PID parameters are calculated according to defuzzification.The magnitude value of the current density is used to simulate the value of the external load.The simulation results indicate that the MFC output voltage can track the setting value quickly and smoothly with the proposed feedforward fuzzy logic PID algorithm.The proposed algorithm is more efficient and robust with respect to anti-disturbance performance and tracking accuracy than other three control methods.

Measuring Chinese Marine Environmental Efficiency:A Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis

Environmental efficiency standards are often used to evaluate the costs of oceanic economic development. A variety of statistical analyses were applied in this study to quantify the marine environmental efficiency of 11 Chinese coastal provinces and municipalities between 2000 and 2014. Results initially reveal that environmental efficiency measures that incorporate undesirable outputs are more consistent with real production conditions and thus the use of marine economic and environmental efficiencies supplement and complement one another. Second, overall marine environmental efficiency across China tends to be low and can be spatially characterized by a transformation such that the inefficiencies noted in 2000 have subsequently been transformed to comprise a three-tiered structure that encompasses northern, central, and southern cores. Third, variation in absolute and relative marine environmental efficiency differences for the coastal regions of China have been consistent over time; values initially decreased before increasing again in a fluctuating manner over the time period of this analysis. Fourth, data show that the Pearl River Delta area has experienced the highest rate of change in marine environmental efficiency over time when economic zones are used as basic research units, although values have nevertheless fluctuated significantly. Fifth, values for total factor productivity as well as technical efficiency and change across the Chinese marine economy all fluctuated over time but increased. Data show that changes in marine environmental efficiency across China can primarily be attributed to progress in marine science and technology. Finally, levels of capital investment and marine industrial pollution intensity are not significantly correlated with marine environmental efficiency. Indeed, both marine industrial structural levels and environmental protection technologies have had a positive effect on environmental efficiency while levels of investment in marine scientific research as well as the scale of economic development, the marine economy, and the degree of external openness have all exerted negative effects on this key variable.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.

ANALYSIS OF INTERNALLY GENERATED NOISE OF BIOELECTRIC AMPLIFIERS

This paper deals with internally generated noise of bioelectric amplifiers that are usually used for processing of bioelectric events. The main purpose of this paper is to present a procedure for analysis of the effects of internal noise generated by the active circuits and to evaluate the output noise of the author's new designed bioelectric amplifier that caused by internal effects to the amplifier circuit itself in order to compare it with the noise generated by conventional amplifiers. The obtained analysis results of internally generated noise showed that the total output noise of bioelectric active circuits does not increase when some of their resistors have a larger value. This behavior is caused by the different transfer functions for the signal and the respective noise sources associated with these resistors. Moreover, the new designed bioelectric amplifier has an output noise less than that for conventional amplifiers. The obtained analysis results were also experimentally verified and the final conclusions were drawn.

A process-level hierarchical structural decomposition analysis (SDA) of energy consumption in an integrated steel plant

A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013. By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method, a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained. The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model. The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption. The technical improvements of blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption. A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast furnace are important for further energy saving. Besides the empirical results, this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.

STABILITY ANAL YSISOF THE DYNAMIC INPUT-OUTPUT SYSTEM

The dynamic input output model is well known in economic theory and practice.In this paper,the asymptotic stability and balanced growth solutions of the dynamic input output system are considered.Under some natural assumptions which do not require the technical coefficient matrix to be indecomposable,it has been proved that the dynamic input output system is not asymptotically stable and the closed dynamic input output model has a balanced growth solution.

By Sector Water Consumption and Related Economy Analysis Integrated Model and Its Application in Hai River Basin, China

This paper established a by sector water consumption and economy analysis integrated model with input–output analysis method. The model can be used to identify the relationships between economic activities and the direct water consumption, the total water consumption and the intersectoral water transaction for detailed sectors in regional economy. The method is applied to Hai River Basin in China that is characterized by water shortage. The results found that in Hai River Basin, agriculture sector is responsible for 81.2% of the direct total water consumption in the region, but industrial and service sectors account for 53.2% of the indirect total water consumption. To 24 industrial and service sectors, their ratios of indirect water consumption to total water consumption belong to [90%, 99%]. To per unit output, water consumption intensity was highest in agriculture sector 1 at 96.91 m3 per thousand Yuan, the value of 28 industrial and service sectors were smaller than 1. Products of sector 1, sector 24, sector 3, sector 12, sector 6, sector 11 and sector 10 are the main suppliers of indirect water.

SOME RESULTS ON CONTINUOUS TYPE CONDITIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT EQUATION-FIXED POINT AND SURJECTIVITY METHODS

Based on the classical(matrix type)input-output analysis,a type of nonlinear (continuous type) conditional Leontief model,input-output equation were introduced,as well as three corresponding questions,namely,solvability,continuity and surjectivity,and some fixed point and surjectivity methods in nonlinear analysis were used to deal with these questions. As a result,the main theorems are obtained,which provide some sufficient criterions to solve above questions described by the boundary properties of the enterprises consuming operator.

An Analysis of the Influence of Chinese Agriculture on National Economy and the Macroeconomic Effects

As a basic industry,agriculture has a far-reaching impact on national economy. Based on input-output tables of China in 2005 and2010,this paper gives a deep insight into the relationship between agriculture and national economy and its macroeconomic effects by the methods of input-output analysis,industrial correlation and macroeconomic effect analysis. The results show that the agricultural development is highly dependent on the national economy,but makes low contribution; agriculture contributes to promoting employment and improving the structure of national income distribution; despite the government's tax incentive,the agricultural equipments are updated slowly,and the corporate profits are at low level; agricultural export effect is far below the average industry level,but the import effect increases over the years,and final products are often used for domestic consumption. Finally,we set forth recommendations for improving the development of agriculture and national economy.

Regional Agricultural Input-Output Model and Countermeasure for Production and Income Increase of Farmers in Southern Xinjiang,China

Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage of water resources,tremendous pressure on ecological balance,insignificant economic and social benefits of agricultural production in southern Xinjiang,agriculture remaining a weak industry,agricultural economy as the economic subject of southern Xinjiang,and backward economic development of southern Xinjiang.Taking the Aksu area as an example,according to the input and output data in the years 2002-2007,input-output model about regional agriculture of the southern Xinjiang is established by principal component analysis.DPS software is used in the process of solving the model.Then,Eviews software is adopted to revise and test the model in order to analyze and evaluate the economic significance of the results obtained,and to make additional explanations of the relevant model.Since the agricultural economic output is seriously restricted in southern Xinjiang at present,the following countermeasures are put forward,such as adjusting the structure of agricultural land,improving the utilization ratio of land,increasing agricultural input,realizing agricultural modernization,rationally utilizing water resources,maintaining eco-environmental balance,enhancing the awareness of agricultural insurance,minimizing the risk and loss,taking the road of industrialization of characteristic agricultural products,and realizing the transfer of surplus labor force.

基于IO-SDA法的2020~2060年中国行业CO_(2)排放预测与分析

采用IO-SDA法测算2017~2020年CO_(2)排放,后结合国内权威预测报告,利用RAS法推导2025~2060年投入产出表和各行业能源消费数据,利用IO-SDA法定量评价各驱动因素在2020~2060年对CO_(2)排放总量和各行业CO_(2)排放量变化的贡献.结果表明:2020~2060年中国行业CO_(2)排放总量呈现先增后降的趋势,2030年左右达峰,后经历平台期,2035年开始快速减排,2050年后减排速度变慢;CO_(2)排放增长的驱动因素为最终需求规模,最主要的促降因素为碳排放强度;投入产出结构和最终需求结构只在个别时期促进CO_(2)排放增长,总体上对CO_(2)减排有积极作用,但作用有限,且伴随着经济结构趋于稳定,这两者的作用逐渐削弱;CO_(2)排放总量和4项因素的变化幅度在达峰平台期、快速减排期与全面中和期3个阶段由小变大再变小;从行业角度看,电力等公共品生产和供应业、金属产品制造业、交通运输仓储和邮政业、化学工业是CO_(2)减排的主要动力.为有效实现CO_(2)减排目标,政府实施CO_(2)减排政策的过程中,应在继续充分发挥碳排放强度积极效应的同时,更加注重释放重点行业技术创新、最终需求结构优化对CO_(2)减排的积极作用.