Fractional Order Environmental and Economic Model Investigations Using Artificial Neural Network

The motive of these investigations is to provide the importance and significance of the fractional order(FO)derivatives in the nonlinear environmental and economic(NEE)model,i.e.,FO-NEE model.The dynamics of the NEE model achieves more precise by using the form of the FO derivative.The investigations through the non-integer and nonlinear mathematical form to define the FO-NEE model are also provided in this study.The composition of the FO-NEEmodel is classified into three classes,execution cost of control,system competence of industrial elements and a new diagnostics technical exclusion cost.The mathematical FO-NEE system is numerically studied by using the artificial neural networks(ANNs)along with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation method(ANNs-LMBM).Three different cases using the FO derivative have been examined to present the numerical performances of the FO-NEE model.The data is selected to solve the mathematical FO-NEE system is executed as 70%for training and 15%for both testing and certification.The exactness of the proposed ANNs-LMBM is observed through the comparison of the obtained and the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton database results.To ratify the aptitude,validity,constancy,exactness,and competence of the ANNs-LMBM,the numerical replications using the state transitions,regression,correlation,error histograms and mean square error are also described.

Modification of the Leontief-Ford Input-Output Model for the Green Economy Goals and Environment Protection

The economics’ ecological modernization approach based on the input-output balance model is considered in the paper. The government measures on Russian Federation’s transition to green economy on reducing of greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed. In an article for green economy evaluation, including greenhouse gas emissions per capita and per unit of GDP, the indicator of the production environmental costs is proposed to include. The authors suppose adding and to modernize the Leontief-Ford model of input-output balance by economic evaluation of the environment pollution effects. This model is proposed to consider macro-economic assessment of environmental damage, health deterioration due to environmental pollution, as well as the use costs of the environmentally friendly technologies, the environmental and energy innovations’ implementation, climate change. The proposed modified model of environmentally oriented input-output balance can be used in the economic compensation system implementation on natural capital use and ecosystem services’ consuming in countries and their regions. The modified Leontief-Ford model proposed in the paper can be used for green economy development calculating, for example in Russia during the development of measures for the environment and economic development. Also this paper opens discussions for opportunities of the further possible integration of the theoretical models for environment protection decision-making.

The heterogeneous influence of economic growth on environmental pollution: evidence from municipal data of China

This study aims to investigate the influence of rapid economic development on pollution at the municipal level in China.It constructs a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population,Affluence and Technology model(STIRPAT model) and uses comprehensive municipal data on industrial pollution and economic performance.The dataset contains 290 cities from2003 to 2016 as a sample for the panel data analysis.The study further separates the cities into two groups by their levels of economic development for heterogeneity analysis.It reveals that a low level of economic development would aggravate environmental pollution,and when the economy reaches a high level,this economic development will improve environmental quality.We also find that the relationships between foreign direct investment and industrial dust and sulfur dioxide(SO_2) discharge are significant,while the relationship between economic growth and effluent emission is not.The more developed subsample cities present an inverted U-shaped curve between industrial pollutant emission,GDP per capita,and foreign direct investment,while the less developed subsamples show no such relationship.Since the shape of these curves differs among regions,their turning points vary accordingly.Based on this finding,this study suggests that the governments of more developed cities should balance environmental pollution and economic development by enhancing environmental regulations and adjusting industrial structure.

Spatial spillover effects of official development assistance on environmental pressure in sub-Saharan African(SSA)countries

Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.

Drivers of Regional Environmental Pollution Load and Zoning Control:A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,China

The high environmental pollution load caused by the massive pollutant emissions and the accumulation of endogenous and cross-regional pollution has become an important obstacle to the current ecological civilization construction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)in China.Taking the YREB as an example,by using four environmental pollutant emission indicators,including chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),this paper established an environmental pollution load index(EPLI)based on the entropy-based measurement.Moreover,the Spatial Durbin Model was used to quantitatively analyze the drivers and spatial effects of environmental pollution load.Finally,specific scientific references were provided for formulating environmental regulations of pollution source control in the YREB.The results showed that:1)During2011-2015,the EPLI in the YREB was reduced significantly and the environmental pollution load increased from upstream to downstream.Among them,the pollution load levels in the Upper Mainstream subbasin,Taihu Lake subbasin,and Lower Mainstream subbasin were the most prominent.2)The environmental pollution load situation in the YREB was generally stable and partially improved.High load level areas were mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta Region and the provincial borders in upstream,midstream,and downstream areas.The high load level areas already formed in Chengdu and Chongqing were also the key regulatory points in the future.3)The degree of local environmental pollution load was apparently affected by the adjacent cities.The population size,industrialization level,and the fiscal decentralization not only drove the increase of the local environmental pollution load level,but also affected the adjacent areas through the spatial spillover effects.The land development intensity mainly drove the increase in the local EPLI in the YREB.While factors such as economic development level and agricultural economic share could only act on the environmental pollution load process in adjacent cities.4)According to the differentiation characteristics of drivers of each city,the YREB was divided into seven zones based on k-medoids cluster method,and targeted zoning control policy recommendations for alleviating environmental pollution load in the YREB were proposed.

Technological Options to Ameliorate Waste Treatment of Intensive Pig Production in China:An Analysis Based on Bio-Economic Model

Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.

INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EVALUATING PROGRESS OF ENTERPRISE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The method of compiling input-output models of science and technology was studied,and the application of input-output techniques in evaluating the progress of enterprise science and technology was discussed.And the models for determining direct,indirect and full contributions of the progress of enterprise science and technology have been set up which can be used to analyse and evaluate the direct,indirect and full benefits of the progress of enterprise science and technology.

A Generalization of the Input-Output Pollution Control Model and Product Selection

The input-output pollution control model given in [1] is generalized. The generalization makes it easier for the model to handle many problem instances. A linear program is used to solve the new model. An example is given to show that the new model can handle classes of problems that the original model cannot handle.

Measuring the agricultural sustainability of India:An application of Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model

Analyzing agricultural sustainability is essential for designing and assessing rural development initiatives.However,accurately measuring agricultural sustainability is complicated since it involves so many different factors.This study provides a new suite of quantitative indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability at regional and district levels,involving environmental sustainability,social security,and economic security.Combining the PressureState-Response(PSR)model and indicator approach,this study creates a composite agricultural sustainability index for the 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions of India.The results of this study show that the Trans-Gengatic Plain Region(TGPR)ranks first in agricultural sustainability among India's 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions,while the Eastern Himalayan Region(EHR)ranks last.Higher livestock ownership,cropping intensity,per capita income,irrigation intensity,share of institutional credit,food grain productivity,crop diversification,awareness of minimum support price,knowledge sharing with fellow farmers,and young and working population,as well as better transportation facilities and membership of agricultural credit societies are influencing indicators responsible for higher agricultural sustainability in TGPR compared with EHR.Although,the scores of environmental sustainability indicators of EHR are quite good,its scores of social and economic security indicators are fairly low,putting it at the bottom of the rank of agricultural sustainability index among the 14 mainstream agroclimatic regions in India.This demonstrates the need of understanding agricultural sustainability in relation to social and economic dimensions.In a nation as diverse and complicated as India,it is the social structure that determines the health of the economy and environment.Last but not least,the sustainability assessment methodology may be used in a variety of India's agro-climatic regions.

环境规制对长江经济带经济高质量发展影响的传导机制

工业发展极大地促进了中国的经济增长,但在资源和环境的双重压力下,经济高质量发展成为新时代的必然要求。在“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”的长江经济带新发展格局下,探讨环境规制对经济高质量发展影响的传导机制具有重要意义。该研究以2005—2019年长江经济带108个地级及以上城市面板数据为研究对象,构建了经济高质量发展的指标体系,将技术投入和产业结构作为中介变量,使用中介效应模型验证了环境规制与经济高质量发展的中介效应,并采用动态门槛模型探讨了不同门槛变量水平下环境规制对经济高质量发展影响的差异。研究发现:①中介效应检验结果表明,技术投入和产业结构均在环境规制对经济高质量发展的影响中具有部分中介效应。环境规制有助于提升技术投入水平、促进产业结构调整,进而对经济发展质量产生正向影响。②门槛模型的结果表明,技术投入和产业结构作为环境规制的门槛变量时,环境规制对经济高质量发展存在门槛效应。在高技术投入、产业结构落后的区域,环境规制可以更好地促进经济高质量发展。③门槛效应异质性结果表明,技术投入和产业结构变量的门槛效应存在时间异质性,技术投入政策导向和产业结构刚性等因素会影响环境规制政策的实施效果。基于以上结论,提出以下政策建议:①制定差异化的环境规制政策,推动环境规制政策的有效实施。②提高技术投入水平,为经济高质量发展提供新动能。③优化产业结构,推动产业绿色化转型升级。④明确环境补偿和专项治理机制,促进区域经济和环境规制协同发展。

政府科技投入、环境规制对经济高质量发展的影响

本文利用我国2009—2022年30个省际面板数据,构建了经济高质量发展的综合评价指标体系,并运用空间杜宾模型系统地研究政府科技投入和环境规制对经济高质量发展的影响。结果显示:首先,政府科技投入在促进经济高质量发展方面发挥着显著的正向作用,而且不同省域间存在显著的空间溢出效应。其次,环境规制对经济高质量发展呈现出“U”型影响关系,即初期有一定抑制效应,随后逐渐转变为促进效应。然而,政府科技投入和环境规制之间的相互作用对经济高质量发展产生正向影响,这表明政府科技投入能让环境规制的拐点提前到来。从空间效应来看,政府科技投入呈现出显著的空间溢出效应,且相邻地区的溢出效应更为显著;环境规制对经济高质量发展的空间溢出效应也得到证实,但溢出效应并不显著。

长江经济带水污染、环境规制与高质量经济发展关系研究

基于2009—2021年长江经济带11个省(市)面板数据,通过构建高质量经济发展评级指标体系,利用熵值法对高质量经济发展水平进行测度;基于环境库兹涅茨曲线理论进行基准回归,以水污染为门槛变量分析了环境规制对高质量经济发展的影响,并探讨了长江经济带上游、中游、下游3个区域水污染和环境规制的空间异质性。结果表明:随着水污染程度的加剧,环境规制对高质量经济发展表现出抑制作用,且抑制作用先增大后减小;水污染与高质量经济发展之间呈倒“U”形关系,且存在“环境库兹涅曲线”;长江经济带水污染与环境规制对高质量经济发展具有空间异质性。

政府环境信息披露提升环境治理成效

本文基于2010—2020年污染物排放数据,采用多重差分模型,实证检验政府披露环境信息对微观主体环境治理的影响。研究发现:政府提高环境信息披露强度会激励企业开展环境整治行动,降低污染物排放总量,提升环境治理成效。政府环境信息披露发挥治理效应主要通过加大地区环保执法力度和强化公共环境监督两种途径实现。受政府环境信息披露的影响,企业改善环境治理成效的同时会提升创新能力、经营效率和财务绩效。

中国北方沙漠化地区生态重建的环境政策研究——基于Bioe-conomic Model

论文以内蒙古沙漠化地区为例,运用Bioe-conom ic M odel,比较自由放牧与耕垦、禁牧与禁垦、控制放牧规模与禁垦的土地利用政策情景下,引进舍饲养牛技术与信贷服务和增加非农就业机会对农户土地利用决策及其家庭收入的影响,据此探讨中国北方地区沙漠化发展的人文驱动机制以及生态重建的环境政策。结果表明:实施控制放牧规模与禁垦的环境政策,同时引进舍饲养牛技术能够有效地促进生态重建并提高农户收入;引进舍饲养牛技术需要启动基金,提供信贷服务和增加非农就业机会是贫困农户引进该技术的前提。因此,迫切需要调整宏观环境政策,提高农业集约化经营水平和城乡联系力度,从而提高农户家庭收入、减轻农民对环境的依赖性和促进农村的可持续发展。

Optimization of water-urban-agricultural-ecological land use pattern:A case study of Guanzhong Basin in the southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,China

Extensive land use will cause many environmental problems.It is an urgent task to improve land use efficiency and optimize land use patterns.In recent years,due to the flow decrease,the Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province is confronted with the problem of insufficient water resources reserve.Based on the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model(GSFLOW),this paper evaluates the response of water resources in the basin to changes in land use patterns,optimizes the land use pattern,improves the ecological and economic benefits,and the efficiency of various spatial development,providing a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The research shows that the land use pattern in the Guanzhong Basin should be further optimized.Under the condition of considering ecological and economic development,the percentage change of the optimum area of farmland,forest,grassland,water area,and urban area compared with the current land use area ratio is+2.3,+2.4,-6.1,+0.2,and+1.6,respectively.The economic and ecological value of land increases by14.1%and 3.1%,respectively,and the number of water resources can increase by 2.5%.

环境规制、科技创新协同推进经济高质量发展机理研究——以成渝地区双城经济圈16个城市为例

环境规制与科技创新是区域经济高质量发展的重要驱动力,以2014-2020年成渝地区双城经济圈16个城市的面板数据,基于新发展理念构建了经济高质量发展评价体系,运用熵值法测算发展水平综合指数,构建环境规制综合评价指标分析环境规制强度,应用固定效应模型分析环境规制、科技创新对成渝地区双城经济圈经济高质量发展的影响机理。结果表明:成渝地区双城经济圈经济高质量发展水平逐步上升但双核城市与周边城市有显著差异;多数城市的环境规制强度总体处于上升趋势,环境规制可以促进经济高质量发展,外资注入和人口聚集导致资源环境矛盾影响经济高质量发展;科技创新对环境规制对经济高质量发展的影响存在中介效应和单门槛效应;同时,环境规制与科技创新可以协同影响经济高质量发展,对经济发展的协同效应呈“U”型变化趋势。因此,应加强双核城市联动和引领作用,加强环境规制与区域环境协同治理,实施科技创新链与低碳产业链深度融合工程。

环境规制对中国省域经济高质量发展的影响研究

基于环境规制视角,运用系统GMM模型、动态空间模型、调节效应模型来研究环境规制对中国省域经济高质量发展的影响。结果表明:各省份环境规制与经济高质量发展水平在时间和空间两个维度呈现出短期抑制、长期促进的关系;任一省份环境规制政策的提升会对毗邻地区的经济发展水平产生负向影响,但其滞后期会对毗邻地区产生正向影响,证明环境规制及其滞后期会对经济高质量发展水平表现出明显的空间溢出效应;调节变量(产业结构升级、技术创新程度、资源配置效率)可以强化环境规制对各省份高质量发展的促进作用,两者之间存在协同效应,能够缩短长期相互促进关系的时间,从而使环境政策能够更快地发挥作用。

标准治理是否促进区域经济高质量发展——标准化综合改革试点的准自然实验

标准化是形成科学有效社会治理体制的基础工程,标准治理因其多元、高效、可复制性而成为推动经济高质量发展的基础性、引领性手段。研究标准政策的实施效应可以为多方面推动经济高质量发展提供经验依据。基于2004—2020年中国省级面板数据,围绕创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五大维度对经济高质量发展水平进行测算,借助标准化综合改革这一试点政策,运用多期双重差分模型探究标准治理对区域经济高质量发展的影响,并探讨环境规制在标准治理与经济高质量发展中的调节作用。研究结果表明,标准治理显著促进区域经济高质量发展,其中,标准治理显著地促进了经济高质量发展的创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展和开放发展,而对经济共享发展并没有产生直接影响;机制检验证实环境规制水平的提高对标准治理影响经济高质量发展起到先抑制后促进的作用;异质性分析发现标准治理对东部地区以及标准发展水平较高地区的经济高质量发展促进效果更明显。因此,要通过重点加强政府的公共管理与服务的标准化水平,优化资源要素配置,实现经济共享发展,同时根据不同的经济发展阶段设置合理的环境规制强度以加快经济绿色增长,促进经济高质量发展。

河北省水资源与经济社会、环境耦合协调度研究——基于再生水利用视角

再生水是传统水资源的重要补充,开发利用再生水可以缓解河北省水资源短缺和供需矛盾.基于再生水利用视角研究河北省水资源利用与经济社会、环境的相互影响关系,构建了再生水-经济社会-传统水资源-环境(RETE)系统评价指标体系,运用熵值法对RETE系统的发展水平进行综合评价,并采用耦合协调度模型和灰色关联分析探究了RETE系统的耦合协调程度及其影响因素.结果表明:河北省再生水、经济社会、传统水资源、环境子系统的发展水平呈上升趋势,且存在一定的区域差异性;RETE系统的耦合协调度逐年上升,并且除保定、沧州和衡水濒临失调外,其他城市均处于耦合协调阶段;此外,RETE系统耦合协调度的主要影响因子为城镇化率、污水处理率、建成区绿化覆盖率、城镇居民人均可支配收入、人均GDP.

河南省碳排放与经济增长分析——基于EKC模型和Tapio脱钩模型

文章利用河南省2001—2020年的相关统计数据,运用EKC模型和Tapio脱钩模型对碳排放与经济增长进行实证研究。结果显示:2001—2020年河南省碳排放与经济增长的关系符合“N”型的库兹涅茨曲线;2001—2020年地方碳排放与经济增长表现为扩张联结和弱脱钩两种状态。据此提出河南省发展低碳经济的方向与建议。