Factors impacting nanoindentation testing results of the cuticle of dung beetle Copris ochus Motschulsky

The cuticle of dung beetle is a layered composite material in micro- or nano-scale. Dung beetle can fly, walk and dig. It can shovel and compact dung of mammals into balls. It use foreleg to walk, midleg and hindleg to hold and impel dung ball. Its two foreleges as digging legs are developed. The factors impacting the nanoindentation testing results of the femur cuticle of forelegs of dung beetle Copris ochus Motschulsky were examined. The nanomechanical test instrument used for the tests was Hysitron nanomechanical system. The results shown that the holding time and loading time are important factors im- pacting the accuracy of such indentation properties as reduced modulus (Er) and the harness ( H ) of the femur cuticle of the forelegs of dung beetle Copris ochus Motschulsky in nanoscale. There exists a threshold holding time of 20 s for the reduced modulus of the femur cuticle. The tests of nanoindentation creep property and the regression analysis of relationship between the depth increment at the maximum load and the time further confirmed the correction of the above threshold holding time. There exist visco-elastic-plastic behaviour and creep phenomenon in the femur cuticle during indenting. Its creep property during the holding procedure at maximum load can be regressed by a general logarithmic equation. The equation fitted by the testing data is ? h = 54.83452 ln(0.00723t +1.00486), where, ? h is the depth increment at the maximum load and t is the time.

黄粉虫粪饵料对小龙虾生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究黄粉虫粪制作虾饵料的可行性。以黄粉虫粪、黄粉虫幼虫粉、全麦粉、贝壳粉等为饲料原料进行厌氧发酵,以未发酵虫粪饵料及商品高钙虾饵料为对照,研究复配饵料发酵前后粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸等成分的变化,考察3种饵料对小龙虾生长性能的影响。结果表明,发酵虫粪饵料中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、小分子肽、有机酸、游离氨基酸和水溶性钙含量均高于未发酵虫粪饵料。发酵虫粪饵料组小龙虾的饲料效率、虾壳钙含量高于未发酵虫粪饵料、商品虾饵料。发酵虫粪饵料的诱食性更强。研究表明,将黄粉虫粪制成虾饵料可行,可以为黄粉虫粪的资源化利用提供参考。

基于白星花金龟幼虫转化玉米秸秆的微循环农牧场模式研究

[目的]建立一套纳入昆虫养殖的微型生态循环农牧场模式,为解决我国农业生产困境提供依据。[方法]2007年,在山东农业大学实验站园建立0.80 hm^2微型生态循环农牧场;设计玉米种植、柴鸡养殖、白星花金龟养殖3个环节;运用生态学原理,利用白星花金龟幼虫的腐食性,以其3龄幼虫取食玉米秸秆转化为虫体蛋白和虫粪沙,分别应用其虫体养鸡和虫粪种粮,构建生态循环农牧场模式。[结果]连续7年试验结果表明,散养条件下1 m^2土地能饲养柴鸡4只;温室中,1 m^2养殖池饲养白星花金龟3龄幼虫5.00 kg,1.00 kg白星花金龟幼虫可处理18.75 kg发酵玉米秸秆。能实现年产值45万元/hm^2的纯经济收入,并能处理掉周边2.67 hm^2地产生的玉米秸秆,同时解决6~10人的就业问题。[结论]以白星花金龟幼虫取食转化玉米秸秆为关键环节的循环农业模式是一套值得大力推广的模式。

利用昆虫净化猪场生态环境的初步研究Ⅰ.食粪昆虫种类及优势种利用评价

调查表明 ,应用猪粪饲养昆虫对净化猪场生态环境有一定作用 .诱集到的取食猪粪的昆虫种类有 1 0种以上 ,大多属双翅目丽蝇科和水虻科 ,说明猪粪是腐生昆虫的好饵料 .利用昆虫消化粪便研究共筛选出 3种优势种 ,明确了优势种生活史、世代周期、取食习性和行为 .大量饲养可以消化猪粪 70 %以上 .饲养的昆虫可作为禽畜水产的蛋白源 .