Molecular interaction network of plant-herbivorous insects

The interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are complex and involve multiple factors,driving species formation and leading to the beginning of co-evolution and diversification of plant and insect molecules.Various molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects.Here,we discuss the molecular patterns of plant perception of herbivorous insect feeding through activation of early signaling components,crosstalk of plant defense network composed of multiple plant hormones,and various adaptive changes in insect responses to plant defenses.Both plant defenses and insect counter-defenses are molecular adaptation processes to each other.Molecular models of plant-herbivorous insect interactions can more intuitively help us to understand the co-evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivorous insects.These results will provide detailed evidence to elucidate and enrich the interaction network of plant-herbivorous insects.

Herbivory and Plant Genotype Influence Fitness-Related Responses of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>to Indirect Plant-Plant Interactions

Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic identity between interacting perennial plants results in more effective defense when emitter and receiver neighbors have greater genetic similarity. However, the effects of both genetic relatedness and presence of herbivores on fitness-related responses of neighboring plants have not yet been explored. Our aim was to examine how manipulating these two important factors genetic and environmental factors can influence indirect plant-plant communication in the annual crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants of a single genotype (receivers) were exposed to volatile emissions of neighboring emitter plants with a similar or different genotype, and either intact or damaged by larvae of a specialist herbivore for ten days. Each of the four treatments was isolated in separate environmental chambers and the full experiment was replicated twice. Receiver plant growth and reproductive-related traits were measured ten days after exposure to treatments, and at senescence. Results showed that the effect of herbivory and plant genotype of emitter plants influenced responses related growth and reproduction in receiver plants. Receiver plants grew taller, had more inflorescence branching, and produced more fruits (60% more) when exposed to undamaged emitters of a different genotype than receivers exposed to the other emitter plant treatments. Therefore, genotype identity and environmental context (presence of herbivory) may be important factors influencing indirect plant-plant communication, which could, in turn, result in selection for genotypes showing increased fitness-related responses.

Aphid-host plant interaction

Black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Homoptera;Aphididae) is a serious pest causing crop loss. Plant-aphid interaction is a dynamic system subjected to continual variation and changes. Host plants induce various biochemical and physical defense mechanisms due to aphid feeding. Aphids can overcome plant defenses by enzymatic adaptations and sequestering secondary metabolites produced by the plant within their bodies as a defense against their enemies. Many strategies were developed and evolved by aphids in order to overcome plant defense barriers which allowed them to feed, grow and reproduce on their host plants. This study aimed to aid in better understanding of the effect of altering host plant on specialist and generalist aphid fitness.The influence of plant defense on population development of Aphis fabae was also investigated. Analyses for insect enzymes were also demonstrated in addition to further biochemical studies on host plant defences. Generalists showed different ecological and enzymatic adaptations towards host plants than specialist Aphis fabae. The results were fully discussed in details.

Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas:an updated insight on plant volatiles

Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation.To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure.The role of ground-level ozone(0_(3)) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented.Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree.Consequently,carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated 0_(3) more in the suburbs.However,contrary to this expectation,grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs.To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs,the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated 0_(3) via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered.The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of 0_(3) from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented.Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems.

Defensive Role of Plant Latex on Insect Pests’ Suppression: A Critical Review

Over 350 million years have passed since the documentation of the first interaction between plants and insects. Numerous plant defense qualities and associated counter-adaptive features have developed as a result of these interactions between insects and plants. These characteristics might be either morphological or biological in nature. One of the most significant and useful biochemical characteristics in plants is latex. Latex has a sticky property due to presence of secondary metabolites in it, which aids in entangling or sealing the mouthparts of small insects. These metabolites also chemically interact with the insects interfering with crucial bodily processes. Plant latex has amazing properties that help protect plants from insects and inhibit them in general. It may be possible to control insect pests in a natural, secure, and long-lasting manner by correctly identifying plant latex with strong insecticidal properties and developing formulations of plant latex.

Tri-Trophic Interactions within Potato Agro-Ecosystem, Qassim, KSA

Tri-trophic interactions between fertilizer applications, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Golver) and associated beneficial insects were studied to investigate direct and indirect effects of fertilizers (types and ratios) on potato plants under field and greenhouse conditions, A. gossypii and associated beneficial insects. Fertilizers regimes showed direct impacts on the potato plant phenology and indirect effects on both A. gossypii population and the associated beneficial insects. Our data indicated that potato plants had been influenced by fertilizer elements used within tri-trophic system comprising potato plants, cotton aphid, and certain associated beneficial insects. This demonstrates that a bottom-up interaction is robust and has a particular value in the attraction of beneficial insects towards the potato plant signals due to used fertilizers which can also have a function when plants are attacked by A. gossypii. Yet, flexibility in the use of fertilizers (as chemical cues) is conserved, and that may help beneficial insects to specifically focus on the odor of plants that carry potential plant hosts and avoid plants that are only attacked by non-hosts. These results support the still controversial notion that fertilizer elements, at least in part, help plants to serve as functional signals to attract the enemies of the harmful insects. These observations declare the benefits of the tri-trophic interactions as an ecological phenomenon in particular and the food chain in general. Additionally, this study may be useful to be used as a predictable model with the associated beneficial insects which may have key roles in overall aphid suppression or regulating its population. Impact of fertilizers on potato phenology characteristics and the cotton aphid population density seems to be variable based on types and ratios of the fertilizers. Interfacing the impact of natural enemies (plant-pest-natural enemies) through tri-trophic relationship within the food chain verified to be straightforward way of predicting on the impact of beneficial insects-guild on the cotton aphid population density.

Insect transmission of plant viruses： Multilayered interactions optimize viral propagation

By serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the impediment imposed by the plant cell wall. Interactions among insect vectors, viruses, and host plants mediate transmission by integrating all organizational levels, from molecules to populations. Best-examined on the molecular scale are two basic transmission modes wherein virus-vector interactions have been well characterized. Whereas association of virus particles with specific sites in the vector＇s mouthparts or in alimentary tract regions immediately posterior to them is required for noncirculative transmission, the cycle of particles through the vector body is necessary for circulative transmission. Virus transmission is also determined by interactions that are associated with changes in vector feeding behaviors and with alterations in plant host＇s morphology and/or metabolism that favor the attraction or deterrence of vectors. A recent concept in virus-host-vector interactions proposes that when vectors land on infected plants, vector elicitors and effectors ＂inform＂ the plants of the confluence of interacting entities and trigger signaling pathways and plant defenses. Simultaneously, the plant responses may also influence virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors. Over- all, a picture is emerging where transmission depends on multilayered virus-vector-host interactions that define the route of a virus through the vector, and on the manipulation of the host and the vector. These interactions guarantee virus propagation until one or more of the interactants undergo changes through evolution or are halted by environmental interventions.

Systems understanding of plant-pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein-protein interaction networks

Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections.To effectively defend against such infections,two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants;pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity.Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified,many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive.Recently,the rapid development of omics techniques(e.g.,genomics,proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions(PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level.In this review,we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs,popular PPI network analysis approaches,and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs.Then,we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions,including pathogen-centric PPI networks,plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens.We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

Plant-Arthropod Associations from the Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in Northern Bohemia(Czech Republic):A Preliminary Report

Terrestrial plants and insects currently account for the majority of the Earth＇s biodiversity, and approximately haft of insect species are herbivores. Thus, insects and plants share ancient associations that date back more than 400 Myr. However, investigations of their past interactions are at the preliminary stages in Western Europe. Herein, we present the first results of our study of various feeding damage based on a dataset of nearly 3500 examined plant specimens from the Lower Miocene of the Lagerstaette Bflina Mine in the Most Basin, Czech Republic. This site provides a unique view of the Neogene freshwater ecosystems. It has long been studied by scientists working in different branches of sedimentology, paleobotany, and paleozoology. The fossils are preserved in three characteristic horizons overlaying the coal seam （Clayey Superseam Horizon, Delta Sandy Horizon, and Lake Clayey Horizon）, reflecting paleoenvironmental changes in a short time period of development. The trace fossils are classified as functional feeding groups or ＂guilds＂, without searching for a direct cause or a recent analog host relation. Approximately 23% of specimens of dicotyledonous plant leaves were found to be damaged and associated with some leaf ＂morphotypes＂. Deciduous plant-host taxa, and those with a chartaceous texture typical of riparian habitats, were frequently damaged, such as Populus, recorded with two species Populus zaddachii and Populus populina （57.9% and 31% herbivory levels, respectively）, followed by Acer, Alnus, and Carya, averaging almost 30% of damaged leaves/leaflets. There has been evidence of 60 damage types （DT） representing all functional feeding groups recorded at the Bflina Mine, including 12 types of leaf mines and 16 gall- type DT. In total, Lower Miocene of the Lagerstaette Bilina Mine exhibits a high level of external foliage feeding types （23.7%）, and a low level of more specialized DT, such as galls （4.3%） and leaf mines （〈1%）. A broader comparison based on DT of the main sedimentary environments shows significance supporting different biomes by frequency of damage levels and DT diversities.

Potentials of Pesticidal Plants in Enhancing Diversity of Pollinators in Cropped Fields

Declines in populations of pollinators in agricultural based landscapes have raised a concern, which could be associated with various factors such as intensive farming systems like monocropping and the use of non-selective synthetic pesticides. Such practices are likely to remove beneficial non-crop plants around or nearby the cropped fields. This may in turn result into losses of pollinators due to loss of the natural habitats for insects therefore, interfering the interaction between beneficial insects and flowering crop plants. Initiatives to restore friendly habitats for pollinators require multidisciplinary approaches. One of these could be the use of pesticidal flowering plants as part of field margin plants with the aim of encouraging the population of pollinators whilst reducing the number of pests. Farmers should be fully engaged in the efforts of creating conducive environments to pollinators and be well equipped with the knowledge of proper habitats management strategies in agricultural fields. Developing appropriate conservation strategies to combat decline of pollinators is of high importance and thus there is a need to evaluate management practices, which potentially favour the populations of pollinators. Therefore, this review aims at unravelling available evidences on habitats manipulation options through provision of flowering plants along the field margins that have shown to increase plant biodiversity surrounding the cropped fields. It also summarizes the options for increasing plant biodiversity, which have improved habitats for the pollinating insects and beneficially boosting pollination services in agro-ecosystems.

基于虚拟电厂区间主从博弈的车网互动优化调度

为更好地挖掘电动汽车调节潜力,解决车网互动各主体的利益冲突,并克服分布式电源出力与负荷不确定性的影响,提出了基于虚拟电厂区间主从博弈的车网互动双层优化调度模型,将虚拟电厂聚合商作为上层,电动汽车用户作为下层。上层模型采用区间数描述源、荷的不确定性,以虚拟电厂聚合商的运营成本最低为优化目标,负责更新电价信息并传输至下层模型;下层模型以电动汽车用户满意度最大和成本最小为优化目标,负责求解用户充放电行为并返回至上层模型。采用融合区间可能度的改进粒子群算法,求解主从博弈最优调度结果。算例仿真表明:所提模型能够在削峰填谷的同时,统筹考虑聚合商与电动汽车用户的双边利益,并具有较好的鲁棒性。

昆虫分泌物介导的昆虫与植物互作研究进展

昆虫和植物是自然界生物类群中重要的组成部分,在长期进化的过程中形成了复杂的相互作用关系,如植物进化出了复杂的防御策略来抵御昆虫为害,同时,昆虫为了获取更多的生存资源也进化出了更多的适生方式。因此,分析和了解昆虫与寄主植物相互适应的研究进展对害虫的有效防治和抗虫植物的培育具有重要作用。在昆虫与寄主植物互作的研究中,植食性昆虫的口腔分泌物(唾液或反刍液)、卵分泌物、肠道合成物及微生物等作为连接昆虫和植物的中间媒介,其有效成分不仅起着诱导或增强植物防御的作用,而且部分还具有抑制或削弱植物防御的功能,因此,按有效成分发挥的作用,植食性昆虫的口腔分泌物主要可分为激发子和效应子。本文从昆虫分泌物的角度介绍了昆虫钙结合蛋白类、酶类和毒液蛋白类等效应子与脂肪酸氨基酸共轭物类、多肽类和酶类等激发子及其介导植物防御的主要方式,明确了植食性昆虫适应寄主植物防御的不同策略,不仅有助于对昆虫和植物两者互作机制的深入解析,而且为绿色有效防治害虫和植物抗性品种的选育提供新的思路。

蜜蜂气味结合蛋白与外源性化合物互作机制研究进展

嗅觉是蜜蜂赖以生存和繁殖的主要感官方式,可为蜜蜂外出觅食、躲避天敌、交配等行为提供重要信息,而气味结合蛋白(odorant-binding proteins,OBPs)在其嗅觉感知中发挥着关键作用。探究外界环境中各种化学物质与蜜蜂OBPs之间的相互作用,对于揭示蜜蜂OBPs对不同外源性化合物的结合特性和结合机制具有重要意义。外源性化合物主要包括化学信息物质(信息素和蜜源开花植物挥发物)以及杀虫剂等农用化学品。一方面,化学信息物质与蜜蜂OBPs结合,在维持蜂群稳定、繁殖、觅食、授粉等生理功能中发挥着重要作用;另一方面,杀虫剂与蜜蜂OBPs结合则可能危害蜜蜂嗅觉系统,影响或干扰蜜蜂对环境气味分子的识别。本文综述了蜜蜂OBPs的种类、功能及其与外源性化合物互作机制的研究进展,以期为深入探究蜜蜂OBPs的生理功能、保护蜜蜂免受杀虫剂等化学物质的危害提供参考。

虚拟电厂网络安全风险评估指标体系构建及量化计算

提出了静态与动态风险评估相结合的多维动态网络安全风险评估指标体系。基于虚拟电厂的特点进行网络安全风险分析,构筑多维静态风险评估指标。基于攻击路径演化机理,对信息侧、物理侧和信息-物理侧进行数据采集,构筑动态风险评估指标。提出指标量化计算方法。通过仿真实验验证本文所提的指标体系及量化计算方法能够有效评估安全性,识别风险隐患,提出有效的加固措施。

Plant-herbivorous insect networks: who is eating what revealed by long barcodes using high-throughput sequencing and Trinity assembly

Interactions between plants and insects are among the most important life functions for all organism at a particular natural community.Usually a large number of samples are required to identify insect diets in food web studies.Previously,Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing(NGS)with short DNA barcodes were used,resulting in low species-level identification;meanwhile the costs of Sanger sequencing are expensive for metabarcoding together with more samples.Here,we present a fast and effective sequencing strategy to identify larvae of Lepidoptera and their diets at the same time without increasing the cost on Illumina platform in a single HiSeq run,with long-multiplexmetabarcoding(COI for insects,rbcL,matK,ITS and trnL for plants)obtained by Trinity assembly(SHMMT).Meanwhile,Sanger sequencing(for single individuals)and NGS(for polyphagous)were used to verify the reliability of the SHMMT approach.Furthermore,we show that SHMMT approach is fast and reliable,with most high-quality sequences of five DNA barcodes of 63 larvae individuals(54 species)recovered(full length of 100%of the COI gene and 98.3%of plant DNA barcodes)using Trinity assembly(up-sized to 1015 bp).For larvae diets identification,95%are reliable;the other 5%failed because their guts were empty.The diets identified by SHMMT approach are 100%consistent with the host plants that the larvae were feeding on during our collection.Our study demonstrates that SHMMT approach is reliable and cost-effective for insect-plants network studies.This will facilitate insect-host plant studies that generally contain a huge number of samples.

Characterization of protein-protein interactions between rice viruses and vector insects

Planthoppers are the most notorious rice pests,because they transmit various rice viruses in a persistent-propagative manner.Protein–protein interactions(PPIs)between virus and vector are crucial for virus transmission by vector insects.However,the number of known PPIs for pairs of rice viruses and planthoppers is restricted by low throughput research methods.In this study,we applied DeNovo,a virus-host sequence-based PPI predictor,to predict potential PPIs at a genome-wide scale between three planthoppers and five rice viruses.PPIs were identified at two different confidence thresholds,referred to as low and high modes.The number of PPIs for the five planthopper-virus pairs ranged from 506 to 1985 in the low mode and from 1254 to 4286 in the high mode.After eliminating the“one-too-many”redundant interacting information,the PPIs with unique planthopper proteins were reduced to 343–724 in the low mode and 758–1671 in the high mode.Homologous analysis showed that 11 sets and 31 sets of homologous planthopper proteins were shared by all planthopper-virus interactions in the two modes,indicating that they are potential conserved vector factors essential for transmission of rice viruses.Ten PPIs between small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus(RSV)were verified using glutathione-S-transferase(GST)/His-pull down or co-immunoprecipitation assay.Five of the ten PPIs were proven positive,and three of the five SBPH proteins were confirmed to interact with RSV.The predicted PPIs provide new clues for further studies of the complicated relationship between rice viruses and their vector insects.

植物叶部致瘿昆虫和螨类研究进展和展望

致瘿昆虫是一类能够引起寄生植物变态增殖后形成虫瘿的一类昆虫,全世界约有6目20科之多。致瘿昆虫寄生具有高度专一性,但可为害寄主多个部位,其中最为广泛、危害程度最重的是植物叶片,在全世界范围内造成了严重的经济损失,破坏了区域的生态平衡和生物链的稳定性。本文以瘿蚊科(Cecidomyiidae)、瘿蜂科(Cynipidae)、姬小蜂科(Eulophidae)、木虱总科(Psylloidea)、蚜总科(Aphidoidea)和瘿螨总科(Eriophyoidea)这6类叶部致瘿昆虫为对象,综述了植物叶瘿的简单结构与复杂结构;围绕三大假说阐述叶部虫瘿形态的多样性,更深层次地阐明虫瘿这一结构对于叶部致瘿昆虫的意义;以枣瘿蚊Dasineura jujubifolia为典例探讨叶瘿昆虫的危害特点,并从实践角度探讨其致害的原因。结合国内外对于叶部致瘿昆虫现已实行和有待发展的防治措施进行综合论述,包括化学防治、农业措施防治以及生物防治等3种主要措施。这6类叶部致瘿昆虫在为害方式、致瘿特点、世代完成方式等各有特点,虫瘿不同的结构组成与激素变化也分别相对应解释了营养假说、微环境假说以及天敌假说。根据目前有限的研究,将虫瘿的形成过程分为初期、成长期、成熟期和羽化期,对叶瘿昆虫通过分泌特定活性分子导致宿主植物糖类、蛋白质、脂质和生长激素等多方面发生变化的规律进行了详细讨论。叶部致瘿昆虫为害时间长、危害程度重和防治难度大的三大危害特点,介绍了在成虫羽化期前以化学防治为主,营林期间农业措施防治为辅的防治方法,与此同时,以自然天敌与生物制剂作为生物防治还有较大的发展前景。叶部致瘿昆虫在我国的研究仍有很大的发展空间,其特殊的为害方式表明了物种间协同进化的趋向,从宏观和微观角度叶部致瘿昆虫的综合防治具备重大的经济价值与现实意义。

基于文献计量的国内植物与昆虫互作关系研究发展分析

植物与昆虫相互关系一直是生态学家研究的热点问题,为了解国内植物与昆虫互作关系研究发展现状,以2002—2021年发表在中国知网有关植物与昆虫相互关系的文献为数据来源,采用文献计量学方法,运用Excel和VOSviewer等软件对该领域年发文量、研究作者和机构、发表期刊、关键词等进行了统计分析。结果表明,2002年发文量最少,此后年度发文量迅速上升,在2006年达到一个峰值,2020年年发文量最多,发文量总体呈上升的趋势。从主要作者来看,大部分作者发文量均小于5篇,发文量为5篇及以上的作者仅有24人。中国科学院、中国农业科学院和浙江大学为该领域研究实力领先的科研机构。从来源期刊上来看,《应用昆虫学报》《昆虫学报》《昆虫知识》和《环境昆虫学报》发文量较多,比较受科研人员的青睐。从研究热点可知,国内学者在植物与昆虫互作关系研究主要集中在昆虫对寄主植物的选择以及植物对昆虫的防御等方面。总之,目前关于植物与昆虫相互关系的研究论文发表在国内期刊的数量较少且研究方向比较集中,期待更多的科研人员把最新的科研成果发表在国内期刊以促进该领域的发展。

Comparison of cauliflower-insect-fungus interactions and pesticides for cabbage root fly control

Cabbage root fly （Delia radicum L.） control represents a major challenge in brassica production, therefore different management strategies for its control were tested in conventionally managed open field cauliflower production. Strategies included treatments with low-risk methods such as nitrogen lime, the insecticide spinosad and the Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040-based biopesticide Naturalis. Their effects were compared with treatments based on nonformulated fungal species Metarhizium brunneum, B. bassiana, Clonostachys solani, Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningiopsis, and T. gamsii and commercial insecticides λ-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam. Spinosad and thiamethoxam were pipetted to individual plants before transplanting; λ-cyhalothrin was sprayed after transplanting; nitrogen lime was applied at first hoeing. Nonformulated fimgi were delivered onto cauliflower plantlets＇ roots as a single pretransplantation inoculation. The cabbage root fly population dynamics exhibited a strong spatiotemporal variation. The lowest number of cabbage root fly pupae recovered from cauliflower roots in the field experiments was recorded in plants treated with spinosad （significant reduction）, followed by Naturalis and one of the tested M. brunneurn strains （nonsignificant reduction）. Significantly more pupae were counted in the nitrogen lime treatment. The field experiments showed that a single drench of cauliflower plantlets with spinosad offered consistent and enduring cabbage root fly control. Naturalis and nonformulated fungal isolates did not decrease cabbage root fly pressure significantly, apparently due to lack of statistical power. The implications of the substantial intra- and inter-annual pest pressure variation and the benefits of using single plant treatments are discussed, and recommendations for improvement of rhizosphere-competence utilizing biological control strategies provided.

利用系统作图解析藏川杨邻株互作遗传调控机理

【目的】植株之间的互作对生态系统的形成具有重要意义,本研究在邻株互作这一最小的种内互作单元水平上,研究植物间相互作用的遗传调控机制。【方法】以不同系号的藏川杨自然群体作为研究材料,两两随机配对扦插于花盆中,调查其生长季的株高动态表型;结合本群体SNP标记数据,基于系统作图进行藏川杨的全基因组基因定位工作,定位显著QTL;利用GO富集分析和构建常微分互作网络,分析候选基因的功能。【结果】(1)共定位到92个显著位点,可注释到31个候选基因。(2)GO富集分析中,生物学过程包括生长素信号通路和脱落酸信号通路等,分子功能包括内肽酶活性和蛋白酶活性等,细胞组分包括呼吸链和细胞色素等。(3)在31个候选基因中,第5、8、10、12、21号基因是直接效应网络的枢纽基因,第5、8、10、13号基因是间接效应网络的枢纽基因,第5、8、13号基因是上位互作网络的枢纽基因,其中5、10、13基因参与植物免疫反应和响应环境胁迫。【结论】对于藏川杨间的种内邻株互作,系统作图可筛选互作相关的遗传位点,构建遗传调控网络并挖掘枢纽基因,可为解析木本植物互作的遗传机制提供新的视角。