Bacteriospermia among smallholder artificial insemination boars in the Philippines and potential associated factors

Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operators.Methods:Fifteen individual raw semen samples were collected from locally available artificial insemination boars owned by different smallholder boar operators within the 5th district of Leyte,Philippines and were subjected to standard bacteriological culture and identification,including a survey of potentially associated factors.Prevalence and bacterial count were determined accordingly,while boar characteristics and collection practices were clustered following agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique.Results:One hundred percent contamination with a bacterial count of(2.01±0.38)×10^(3) CFU/mL was observed.At least 73.33%of the samples were positive for Bacillus spp.,while other identified isolates included Enterobacter spp.,Staphylococcus spp.,E.coli,Pseudomonas spp.,Citrobacter spp.,and Klebsiella spp.Conclusions:Despite the high prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial count is low.Nevertheless,on-farm practices on boar health and management,semen collection,and sanitation as well as the enhancement of basic protocols to control contamination should be conscientiously considered in smallholder artificial insemination operation.

Artificial Insemination of Cherry Valley Ducks with Muscovy Ducks

[Objective] To explore artificial insemination technique for production of mule ducks. [Method] Female Cherry Valley ducks were artificially inseminated with semen collected from male Muscovy ducks by massage method and vagina-insemination method to investigate the effects of insemination dose, insemination interval, insemination time and diluents on fertilization rate. [ Result ] The average fertilization rate was only 39.58%, when the female Cherry Valley ducks naturally mated with the male Muscovy ducks. However, it was increased to 74.79% by artificial insemination. The fertilization rate was 75.24% after semen was diluted by PBS buffer, while it was 75.16% after semen was diluted by Lake＇s buffer; however, there was not significant difference between the fertilization rate of the diluted semen and that of fresh semen （74.10%）. After semen was respectively diluted by PBS buffer and Lake＇s buffer and then stored at 5 ℃ for 24 h, the fertilization rate was low, respectively 23.76% and 34133%. [ Conclusion] Artificial insemination technology can reduce insemination dose and increase fertilization rate in production of mule ducks.

Double versus single homologous intrauterine insemination for male factor infertility： a systematic review and meta-analysis

Male factor infertility affects 30%-50% of infertile couples worldwide, and there is an increasing interest in the optimal management of these patients. In studies comparing double and single intrauterine insemination （IUI）, a trend towards higher pregnancy rates in couples with male factor infertility was observed. Therefore, we set out to perform a meta-analysis to examine the superiority of double versus single IUI with the male partner＇s sperm in couples with male factor infertility. An odds ratio （OR） of 95% confidence intervals （CIs） was calculated for the pregnancy rate. Outcomes were analysed by using the ManteI-Haesel or DerSimonian-Laird model accordingto the heterogeneity of the results. Overall, five trials involving 1125 IUI cycles were included in the meta-analysis. There was a two-fold increase in pregnancies after a cycle with a double IUI compared with a cycle with a single IUI （OR. 2.0; 95% CI. 1.07-3.75; P〈O.03）. Nevertheless, this result was mainly attributed to the presence of a large trial that weighted as almost 50% in the overall analysis. Sensitivity analysis, excluding this large trial, revealed only a trend towards higher pregnancy rates among double IUI cycles （OR. 1.58; 95% CI. 0.59-4.21）, but without statistical significance （P=0.20）. Our systematic review highlights that the available evidence regarding the use of double IUI in couples with male factor infertility is fragmentary and weak. Although there may be a trend towards higher pregnancy rates when the number of IUIs per cycle is increased, further large and well-designed randomized trials are needed to provide solid evidence toide current clinical practice.

Lazzaro Spallanzani: pioneer of artificial insemination, multidisciplinary research, and scientific dissemination

Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific dissemination.Spallanzani consistently contributed to modern reproductive medicine by implementing experimental methods for the first historically successful artificial insemination.Nevertheless,he participated in discoveries pertaining to blood circulation,digestion,and respiration.Widely known in Europe in the eighteenth century,his fame prolonged to the following century,not exclusively through scientific acknowledgments,but even in literature.Nowadays,the figure of Spallanzani experience a kind of neglect and it would appear essential to maintain his work in the light of the history of medicine.

Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination with Fresh and Chilled Semen in Assaf Ewes

This paper aims to study the efficiency of two short-term progestagen (FGA vs. MAP) + eCG treatments in estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) with fresh or chilled semen in Assaf ewes fertility rate. All ewes received a subcutaneous implant of exogenous melatonin 45 days before been treated with short-term progestagens + eCG. By June 1st, ewes were divided in two groups: half was treated with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg of FGA and the other half with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 60 mg of MAP. Progestagen treatments lasted for 6 days. At sponge withdraw, all ewes were injected with 750 IU of eCG. Ovarian activity was assessed by plasmatic progesterone levels before and after progestagens + eCG treatment. Semen was collected by electro ejaculation and extended with Andromed? or OviXcell?. AI was performed 55 hours after eCG administration with fresh or chilled semen. During AI several factors were assessed: vagina mucosa color and lubrication, external cervical Os type, cervical mucous viscosity, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. Semen was deposited as deep as possible without distress or trauma cervix mucosa. All Assaf ewes presented cyclic activity before progestagen + eCG treatments (2nd fortnight of May). Short-term progestagen + eCG treatments were equally efficient (100.0%). About 76.5% of Assaf ewes were pregnant 41 days after AI. Fertility rate was influenced by external Os type, semen deposition place and seminal cervix outflow. However, this rate was not conditioned by vaginal color or lubrication, cervical mucus viscosity, semen preservation technic and semen extender.

Homologous gradient heterostructure-based artificial synapses for neuromorphic computation

Gradient heterostructure is one of fundamental interfaces and provides an effective platform to achieve gradually changed properties in mechanics,optics,and electronics.Among different types of heterostructures,the gradient one may provide multiple resistive states and immobilized conductive fila-ments,offering great prospect for fabricating memristors with both high neuromorphic computation capability and repeatability.Here,we invent a memristor based on a homologous gradient heterostructure(HGHS),compris-ing a conductive transition metal dichalcogenide and an insulating homolo-gous metal oxide.Memristor made of Ta–TaS_(x)O_(y)–TaS 2 HGHS exhibits continuous potentiation/depression behavior and repeatable forward/backward scanning in the read-voltage range,which are dominated by multi-ple resistive states and immobilized conductive filaments in HGHS,respec-tively.Moreover,the continuous potentiation/depression behavior makes the memristor serve as a synapse,featuring broad-frequency response(10^(-1)–10^(5) Hz,covering 106 frequency range)and multiple-mode learning(enhanced,depressed,and random-level modes)based on its natural and moti-vated forgetting behaviors.Such HGHS-based memristor also shows good unifor-mity for 5?7 device arrays.Our work paves a way to achieve high-performance integrated memristors for future artificial neuromorphic computation.

Effect of Uterine Anomalies on Pregnancy Rates and Reproductive Outcomes in Women Undergoing Artificial Insemination by Husband

Objective: Congenital uterine anomalies are common; however, their effects on artificial insemination by husband(AIH) and the period during which AIH is converted to in vitro fertilization(IVF) are unclear. We examined the influence of uterine malformations on reproductive outcomes following AIH and the optimum number of AIH cycles before resorting to IVF-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods: We retrospectively recruited 168 patients with uterine malformations(anomalous group) undergoing AIH between January 2011 and December 2016. Meanwhile, 168 patients with infertility but with normal uteri(normal group) were matched as controls according to age.Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was similar in both groups(12.4% vs. 12.3%, P=0.950); the cancellation(21.6% vs. 4.4%, P< 0.001),early pregnancy loss(35.7% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.032), and preterm birth rates(21.4% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.038) were higher in the anomalous group,resulting in lower term birth(32.1 % vs. 74.3%, P =0.001) and live birth rates(50.0% vs. 77.1 %, P = 0.034). After two AIH cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate was lower(3.6% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.037) among women with uterine anomalies than among those with normal uteri. There was no difference in the pregnancy rates(52.5% vs. 53.7%, P= 0.908) between the two groups of patients with unsuccessful AIH who then underwent IVF-ET.Conclusions: IVF-ET can be performed immediately after two unsuccessful AIH cycles in patients with uterine malformations. In patients undergoing AIH or IVF, uterine malformations increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.

Effect of administration of phenylephrine immediately after low dose insemination on pregnancy rates in mares

There is considerable pressure on equine veterinarians to achieve good pregnancy rates with very small doses of semen. Phenylephrine administration in the rabbit increased numbers of oviductal, uterine, and cervical sperm, myometrial contractions, and fertilized ova after low dose insemination. The use of phenylephrine to enhance uterine contractility and fertility has not been investigated in the mare. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if phenylephrine administration would result in clinically acceptable pregnancy rates in mares bred by low dose insemination. The hypothesis (Ha) was that pregnancy rates would be significantly higher in mares receiving phenylephrine compared to saline controls. Six pony mares and eight horse mares were enrolled in this study. Mares were inseminated within 24 hours of ovulation with 30 million progressively motile spermatozoa from a single fertile stallion. Immediately following insemination, mares were administered either phenylephrine (0.06 mg/kg) or 1mL of saline via IV injection. Pregnancy status was determined 14 days following ovulation via transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rates in phenylephrine treated mares were 44% (4/9) while 22% (2/9) in saline-treated mares (P > 0.05).

基于子宫内膜结构与子宫螺旋动脉血流参数构建人工授精妊娠预测模型及验证

背景:现子宫内膜结构及子宫螺旋动脉血流参数对夫精宫腔内人工授精(artificial insemination by husband,AIH)妊娠率的影响水平尚不明确,该研究通过校准其他混杂因素后,确定了其独立影响因素,并构建了预测模型,具有较好的临床应用效能。目的:基于子宫内膜结构及子宫螺旋动脉血流参数构建AIH临床妊娠预测模型及验证。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年1月于常州市妇幼保健院接受AIH助孕治疗患者共1299例,将其中1182例未临床妊娠者纳入未妊娠组,117例临床妊娠者纳入妊娠组;通过1∶1倾向评分匹配,妊娠组与未妊娠组各匹配成功93例;采用单、多因素分析筛选子宫内膜结构及子宫螺旋动脉血流参数对AIH结局的影响因素,通过受试者工作曲线确定各独立影响因素的最佳截断值,限制性立方样条法分析各独立影响因素对AIH妊娠影响的风险趋势,临床决策曲线与临床影响曲线对该联合预测模型的临床应用效能进行检验。结果与结论:①倾向评分后妊娠组与未妊娠组各非内膜因素均无显著统计学意义,数据具有较好的均衡性(P>0.05);②单因素分析结果显示,内膜下血管化指数、血流指数、血管化血流指数、子宫动脉阻力指数、子宫动脉搏动指数、收缩期最高血流速度/舒张期末血流速度、基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区、最大交界区厚度为AIH妊娠的影响因素(P<0.05);③多因素Logistic回归结果显示,基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数、血管化血流指数为AIH妊娠的独立影响因素,影响大小依次为血管化血流指数>基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度>子宫动脉搏动指数;④受试者工作曲线显示,血管化血流指数的曲线下面积为0.704(0.629,0.779),最佳截断值为6.26;基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度的曲线下面积为0.660(0.582,0.739),最佳截断值为6.38;子宫动脉搏动指数的曲线下面积为0.642(0.563,0.721),最佳截断值为1.18;⑤限制性立方样条曲线显示,当血管化血流指数>6.24时,其对AIH妊娠具有显著的正影响趋势;基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度≤6.55 mm时,其对AIH妊娠具有显著的正影响趋势;当子宫动脉搏动指数>1.27时,其对AIH妊娠具有负影响风险;⑥临床决策曲线与临床影响曲线显示,该联合预测模型在阈概率值为0.17-0.93时具有临床最大净获益,且在该阈概率范围内损失与获益的比值始终小于1,显示出该联合预测模型具有较好的临床效能;⑦结果表明,通过倾向评分与多因素Logistic回归校正子宫内膜外其他混杂因素后,基底子宫内膜到外子宫肌层内层平均交界区厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数、血管化血流指数为AIH妊娠的独立影响因素,通过对其最佳截断值的确定与风险趋势性评估,证实该联合预测模型具有较好的预测价值与临床应用效能。

Applying bases for "double control" artificial breeding of giant panda in captivity

THE giant panda is a kind of endangered rare animal,the number of which is less than onethousand at present,specially distributed in China.According to the protective scheme issuedby The International Association of Nature Protection,stock population in captivity must

人工授精女性痛苦表露状况及影响因素分析

目的:了解人工授精女性痛苦表露状况并分析其影响因素。方法:选择2021年4月-2023年4月本院收治的人工授精不孕症女性患者148例,使用一般资料调查问卷、痛苦表露指数量表(DDI)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、Locke-Wallace婚姻调试量表(MAT)进行调查,以Pearson相关系数模型分析PSSS评分、MAT评分与人工授精女性痛苦表露水平的关系,并以元线性回归模型分析人工授精女性痛苦表露影响因素。结果:本次共发放问卷148份,有效回收138份,有效率为93.2%。138例女性DDI评分35.25±5.48分,低水平占比14.5%、中等水平占比73.2%、高水平占比12.3%;PSSS评分53.15±9.67分,MAT评分99.56±12.21分。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、家庭人均月收入、居住地、是否为夫精人工授精、人工授精次数的人工授精女性痛苦表露评分存在差异,Pearson相关分析PSSS、MAT评分与人工授精女性DDI评分呈正相关(均P<0.001);多元线性回归分析,家庭人均月收入、是否为夫精人工授精、PSSS评分、MAT评分对人工授精女性痛苦表露水平有正向影响,人工授精次数对人工授精女性痛苦表露水平有负向影响(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查的人工授精女性痛苦表露处于中等水平,家庭人均月收入、是否为夫精人工授精、人工授精次数、社会支持、婚姻亲密关系等是其重要影响因素,临床应高度重视并给予针对性护理干预,以提升人工授精女性痛苦表露水平,促进身心健康。

B超监测梅花鹿性控精液腹腔镜输精试验

梅花鹿常规冻精与性控冻精解冻后进行品质鉴定,结合B超监测卵泡有选择的对60只同期发情处理的梅花鹿进行腹腔镜精准输精。数据分析显示,同期发情处理后梅花鹿卵巢B超监测结果与腹腔镜输精受胎率存在明显的正相关;X和Y型冻精产仔率为83.33%,而常规冻精产仔率为65.31%,X、Y型冻精与常规冻精组间差异显著(P<0.05);常规冻精组、X冻精组与Y冻精组所产后代性别比(公/母)分别为9:8、0:10和16:1,X、Y型冻精与常规冻精组间差异显著(P<0.05),X、Y型冻精与常规冻精所产后代出生及60 d时的体重差异不显著(P <0.05)。结果表明,结合B超监测有选择的进行梅花鹿性控精液腹腔镜人工输精,可显著提高受胎率,降低成本,技术可行。

以DMA、甘油与DMF为保护剂的鸡精液冷冻技术体系比较研究

为筛选出高效、更具推广价值的鸡精液冷冻技术体系,以湘黄鸡和湘东鸡冻后精子活力、受精率与孵化率为检测指标,比较二甲基乙酰胺(Dimethylacetamide,DMA)细管、甘油细管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-Dimethylformamide,DMF)细管精液冷冻技术体系效果。结果显示:①DMA方案最适液氮面冷冻距离为1 cm,冻后平均精子活力湘东鸡为0.23,湘黄鸡为0.33;甘油方案最适液氮面冷冻距离为5 cm,冻后平均精子活力湘东鸡为0.41,湘黄鸡为0.36。②湘东鸡DMF方案平均冻后精子活力为0.15,极显著低于甘油与DMA(P<0.01)。③通过5轮输精,甘油方案平均受精率为45.35%,孵化率为60.31%,均极显著高于其他两类方案(P<0.01)。④甘油方案,公鸡26周龄组冻前精子活力与冻后活力极显著高于50周龄组(P<0.01)。结果表明,甘油细管是目前鸡精液冷冻保存建设的首选方案,应用时可先进行冷冻速率的优化,且应尽可能选择青壮年公鸡。

驴精液冷冻保存技术研究进展

精液冷冻技术在驴种质资源的长期保存和引进以及人工辅助繁殖技术应用等方面具有重要意义,精液冷冻保存有利于充分发挥优秀种公驴的繁殖力,降低驴养殖产业的生产成本。近年来,驴精液冷冻保护剂和冷冻方法不断优化,驴精液冷冻保存技术也取得了很大的进步。但由于驴冷冻复苏的精子活力和受胎率低,严重限制了驴冷冻精液的推广与应用。本文对驴精液冷冻保存技术的发展历程、精子冷冻损伤机制、影响驴精液冷冻保存的因素和驴冷冻精液的应用进行综述,为今后驴精液冷冻保存技术的研究提供参考。

女性体质量指数对排卵障碍不孕患者夫精人工授精妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨女性体质量指数(BMI)对排卵障碍不孕患者行夫精人工授精(AIH)助孕妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年5月在我中心因排卵障碍因素行AIH助孕的不孕患者共1240个周期的临床资料,根据女性不同BMI值分为4组:BMI<19 kg/m^(2)为低体重组(n=154)、19 kg/m^(2)≤BMI<24 kg/m^(2)为正常体重组(n=799)、24 kg/m^(2)≤BMI<27 kg/m^(2)为超重组(n=197)、BMI≥27 kg/m^(2)为肥胖组(n=90),比较各组患者的一般情况、促排卵及AIH治疗、妊娠结局及新生儿情况;采用多因素Logistic回归分析临床妊娠率和活产率的影响因素。结果各组间女方年龄、不孕年限、既往妊娠和促排卵次数、及基础FSH水平比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),超重组和肥胖组基础雌二醇(E 2)水平显著高于正常体重组(P<0.05),与正常体重组比较,低体重组、超重组和肥胖组患者抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与正常体重组比较,超重组和肥胖组促排卵方案中使用尿促性腺激素(HMG)所占比例显著升高(P<0.05),各组间优势卵泡数、授精日内膜厚度、精液参数、授精时机和次数比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低体重组临床妊娠率显著低于正常体重组(P<0.05),各组间多胎妊娠率、流产率、异位妊娠率、活产率、新生儿出生体重和性别比比较无显著差异(P>0.05),低体重组早产率显著高于正常体重组(P<0.05),超重组和肥胖组剖宫产比例显著高于正常体重组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,排除年龄和卵巢储备功能等混杂因素后,女性BMI对AIH临床妊娠率和活产率无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论对于排卵障碍性超重和肥胖患者,BMI的升高并未降低其AIH临床妊娠率和活产率,而低体重可能潜在降低患者AIH的临床妊娠率。

奶山羊高效繁殖技术研究进展

近年来,随着我国国民经济的发展,羊奶市场不断扩大,我国奶山羊产业进入发展快车道。然而在当前的经济技术条件下,本交繁殖的传统生产模式已经不适用于规模化养殖,提高奶山羊繁殖效率成为生殖生产中亟待解决的问题。应用奶山羊高效繁殖技术可有效改善奶山羊的繁殖效率,其中同期发情、超数排卵、人工授精等技术在奶山羊生产中得到广泛应用。本文针对奶山羊高效繁殖技术的研究与应用现状进行综述,以期为奶山羊高效繁殖技术的推广和生产效益的提高提供参考。

奶牛同期发情-定时输精技术研究进展

减少输精次数,缩短空怀间隔,提高奶牛妊娠率是提高奶牛繁殖效率,节约养殖成本的重要保障。奶牛同期发情-定时输精技术不仅能满足上述要求,还能跳过发情鉴定环节,直接进行定时输精,进而最大限度提高奶牛繁殖率。本文介绍了奶牛同期发情-定时人工输精(estrous synchronization-fixed-timed artificial insemination, ES-TAI)发展过程中的常用技术和新技术,并将这些技术按不同的处理方式进行归纳分析,重点论述各类技术的原理、操作流程以及实际应用效果,以期为进一步研发更加高效的奶牛同期发情-定时输精新技术和规模化牧场奶牛的繁殖管理提供一定的参考。

精液优化后前向运动精子数对AIH妊娠结局的影响

目的分析精液优化后前向运动(PR)级精子总数对夫精人工授精(AIH)临床妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年10月于吉林大学中日联谊医院行人工授精的99例共计191周期不孕症患者临床资料,按照精液处理后PR级精子总数(×10^(6))分为A组(PR<12,33例)、B组(PR 12~30,133例)与C组(PR>30,25例)。通过采用ANOVA分析、Logistic回归分析比较3组临床参数、妊娠结局,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评估精液优化后PR级精子总数对AIH妊娠结局的预测价值。结果本研究共纳入99例行夫精AIH的不孕症患者。妊娠和未妊娠两组女性BMI、基础E2水平、窦卵泡个数有显著差异(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析,精液优化后PR级精子总数(12~30)×10^(6)是行夫精AIH不孕症患者妊娠成功的正向因素(P<0.05)。结论影响不孕症患者夫精AIH妊娠成功的因素较为复杂,可能与女性患者BMI、基础E2水平、基础窦卵泡数相关。同时精液优化后PR级精子总数对夫精人工授精妊娠预测有重要指导意义。

不孕不育人群生育生活质量评价及其影响因素分析

生育生活质量量表(Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire,FertiQoL)是不孕不育人群生活质量测量的特异性量表。生育生活质量下降会影响不孕不育人群的治疗积极性及治疗依从性,从而影响患者的助孕结局。大量研究表明,不孕不育人群生育生活质量各模块及维度均有受损,但影响因素及对不同维度的影响程度尚无统一结论。中国和国外不孕不育人群生育生活质量受损情况不同,中国患者治疗模块受损更严重,国外患者核心模块受损更严重。社会支持、心理韧性是生育生活质量的保护因素,焦虑、抑郁、述情障碍、生育压力、病耻感则与生育生活质量呈负相关。除此之外,性别、年龄、居住地、受教育程度及不孕年限等一般特征也是不孕不育人群生育生活质量的重要影响因素。但目前对于提高患者生育生活质量的干预措施及干预后临床妊娠率是否得到提升的研究尚不充分。

繁殖新技术在绵羊生产中的应用进展

绵羊属于季节性发情动物,全年大多数时间为乏情期。随着绵羊产业的不断推进,羊繁殖率低、群体遗传改良进程缓慢、发情不集中的问题已成为影响养羊业发展的重要制约因素,因此,能够提高绵羊繁殖效率的同期发情及人工输精技术日益受到规模化养殖场的重视。该文详细阐述同期发情、人工授精及腹腔镜输精技术的定义、操作方法和技术流程、技术的优缺点、影响技术的因素以及应用前景的展望,以期为养殖场户和农牧民提供相关技术支持,解决绵羊的繁殖局限,降低生产管理难度,提高养羊经济效益,促进绵羊养殖业发展。