Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance

Heat stress adversely affects sows'performance,which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies.This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows'reproductive performance,metabolic response during gestation,and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C).Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace×Yorkshire;initial body weight of 236.3±16 kg;2,3and 4 parities)at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2×3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5%and 6%crude fiber)and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran[WB],palm kernel meal[PK],and beet pulp[BP]).Sows fed the BP diet had highest(P<0.01)feed intake and constipation index and lowest(P<0.01)farrowing duration.Piglet weight(P=0.041)and litter weight(P<0.01)at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment.Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest(P<0.01)digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber.The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(P<0.01)in the PK treatment.Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK.Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest(P=0.036)hair cortisol.The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(P=0.026)in the high fiber(6%)treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%)treatment at 90 min and120 min after the meal.The concentration of phthalic acid,succinic acid,phenylethylamine,hydrocinnamic acid,iron,linoleic acid,glycerol,ketone,and formamide were increased(P<0.05)in the BP treatment compared with the WB.The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index,farrowing duration,and litter performance,while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal temperature.Therefore,both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are necessary to be added to the diet of gestating sows.

Increasing dietary fiber intake for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of individuals.Its etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentary lifestyles.Conversely,increasing die-tary fiber(DF)intake has consistently demonstrated health benefits in numerous studies,including improvements in glycemic control and weight management.AIM To investigate the efficacy of DF interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the association between DF intake and the management of T2DM.Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 26 studies were included in this review.RESULTS The main strategies implied to increased DF intake were:High DF diet plus acarbose(2 studies);DF supplements(14 studies);and high DF diets(10 studies).Overall,most studies indicated that increased DF intake resulted in im-provements in glycemic control and weight management in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION DF represents a valuable strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,improving health outcomes.DF intake offers the potential to improve quality of life and reduce complications and mortality associated with diabetes.Likewise,through supplements or enriched foods,DF contributes significantly to the control of several markers such as HbA1c,blood glucose,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,and body weight.

Modifi cation of wheat bran insoluble and soluble dietary fibers with snail enzyme

Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)extracted from wheat bran were modifi ed by snail enzyme and their physicochemical properties(water retention capacity and oil retention capacity),functional properties(cholesterol adsorption capacity,glucose adsorption capacity and antioxidant activity)and structural characterizations were evaluated.The results showed that snail enzyme modification led to the significant increase in oil retention capacity of IDF,glucose adsorption capacity and cholesterol adsorption capacity of IDF and SDF.Enzymatic modification also markedly improved the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of IDF and SDF.Meanwhile,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis indicated the microstructures of IDF and SDF powders were signifi cantly changed.Fourier transfer-infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)showed that snail enzyme modifi cation could degrade the part of cellulose and hemicellulose of IDF and SDF.All these improved physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF might depend on their structural changes.It suggested that snail enzyme modifi cation could effectively improve physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF from wheat bran.

Effect of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with different particle size on the texture properties, protein secondary structure, and microstructure of noodles

This study was conducted to explore how the insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)of wheat bran with different particle size affects the texture properties,water distribution,protein secondary structure and microstructure of noodles.The results suggested that IDF addition increased the cooking loss and decreased the sensory evaluation because of the damage on dough structure,while as the IDF particle size decreased,the sensory score increased from 78.8 to 82.3 and cooking loss decreased from 8.65%to 7.65%,which could be attributed to that small particle-sized IDF limited the damage on protein network structure,decreased the T22 and t-structure,and increased the β1-structure.Moreover,IDF particle size had a significant correlation with protein secondary structures,texture properties and evaluation score of noodles.In conclusion,adding appropriate particle sizewould be an effectiveway of enhancing the nutritional and textural properties of noodles.

Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Oat Bran

The dietary fiber in oats is mainly concentrated in the bran;however,the oat bran is mostly used for livestock and poultry feed and thus has a low utilization rate and low added value.In this study,insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)was extracted by a combination ofα-amylase and neutral protease.The optimal extraction conditions of the IDF were obtained by response surface methodology.The material-to-water ratio was 1:12.1,the concentration ofα-amylase was 1.85%,and the hydrolysis time was 39.14 min.After purifying the crude fiber with 4%sodium oxide(Na OH),70°C hot water,and anhydrous ethanol,the purity of dietary fiber exceeded 95%.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the IDF was predominantly amorphous.Scanning electron microscopy showed that the IDF surface exhibited a loose porous network structure.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the crude IDF showed characteristic absorption peaks at 3626,2929,1667,1538,1455,1242,and1048 cm^(-1),while the infrared spectrum of the purified IDF showed characteristic absorption peaks at 3401,2924,1744,1643,1418,and 1040 cm^(-1),which is consistent with the structure of cellulose polysaccharide.Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that there were three exothermic peaks at 270–310°C,320–350°C,and 440–460°C,which may represent the pyrolysis peaks of hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin,respectively,indicating that the oat bran IDF had good thermal stability.The results indicate that the oat bran IDF can be used for the production of dietary fiber products and health-care products.

Study on Extraction of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Apple pulp

[ Objective] To optimize the extraction conditions of insoluble dietary fiber from apple pulp. [ Method] The insoluble dietary fiber was ex-tracted from the apple pulp by alkaline, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The influential or-der of each factor on the extraction of insoluble fiber decreased in the order of solid-liquid ratio 〉 alkali concentration 〉 temperature 〉 extraction time, and the optimal extraction technology was A3 B1 C2 D2, that is, 1：11 （g/ml） of solid-liquid ratio, 0.25 mol/L alkaline concentration, 50 ℃ of extraction temperature and 2.0 h extraction time, under these conditions, the yield of insoluble dietary fiber was 35.46%. [ Conchsion] The apple pulp contains rich dietary fiber, and the insoluble dietary fiber extracted from the apple pulp has great development value. Key words Apple; Insoluble dietary fiber; Extraction technology; China

Effects of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets

This study investigated the impact of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber(SDF:IDF)formulations by sugar beet pulp(SBP)supplementation on piglet growth performance,nutrient digestibility,immune function,intestinal morphology,intestinal microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 60 crossbred piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])at 40 d old with body weight of 10.0±0.3 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 piglets per replicate in a 21-d trial.The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet(0%SBP supplementation;CON),and diets supplemented with 2%,4%,6%,and 8%SBP,representing different SDF:IDF ratios at 10.16%,13.53%,16.79%,19.86%,and 24.81%,respectively.The results indicated that the 8%SBP treatment had a negative effect on feed-to-gain ratio(linear,P=0.009)compared with the CON treatment(P=0.021).The apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein was lower in treatments supplemented with SBP(P=0.002)and showed a linear decrease(P=0.001),while the ATTD of IDF showed a linear increase(P=0.037)in four SBP treatments compared to the CON treatment.The 4%SBP treatment increased serum concentrations of triglyceride(quadratic,P=0.019)and K(linear,P<0.0037),and decreased alanine transaminase concentration(quadratic,P=0.015)compared with the CON treatment.The concentrations of Cit,Cys,Ile,Leu,Orn,Arg,taurine,urea,1-methylhistidine,α-aminoadipic acid,α-aminobutyric acid and cystathionine in the 4%SBP treatment were highest among all treatments(P<0.05).The serum concentrations of interleukin-6,interleukin-8,interleukin-10,transforming growth factor-β,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the 6%SBP treatment were higher than those in the CON treatment(P<0.05),which also increased mucin-2 and G protein-coupled receptor 41 mRNA expression(P<0.05)in colonic mucosa compared with the CON treatment and improved the intestinal barrier function.Diets containing more than 19.86%SDF:IDF could impair the intestinal health in piglets when SBP was used as the SDF source.Supplementing nursery piglet diets with 16.79%to 19.86%SDF:IDF is recommended for improving intestinal barrier function,increasing short-chain fatty acids concentrations,and improving intestinal microbiota composition.

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 x 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease （P =0.] O） as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased （P 〈0.0]） when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased （P 〈0.01）. The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased （P 〈0.01） as the total dietary fiber increased.

A Review of the Associations between Dietary Fiber Intake and Cancer Prevention or Prognosis

The increase in tumor incidence is closely related to dietary factors.In recent years,many researchers have carried out in-depth research to investigate whether increasing the intake of dietary fiber can prevent tumors and improve the prognosis,but the results have been unclear.We herein searched the literature in common academic databases and incorporated and summarized the relevant articles.The literature clearly indicates that dietary fiber can protect against the following cancers:colorectal cancer,breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,ovarian cancer,and head and neck cancer.There is also evidence that dietary fiber intake can exert protective effects against cancers of the liver,lung,stomach,small bowel,kidney,and esophagus,as well as lymphoma,but the data have so far been relatively limited.The effects on endometrial cancer and prostate cancer still remain uncertain.In terms of the effects on the cancer prognosis,dietary fiber does not appear to have an impact on colorectal cancer or breast cancer.Although more research is needed for some kinds of cancer,it is clear that increasing the intake of dietary fiber is beneficial for preventing the occurrence and development of several major types of cancer,with no major adverse effects.We therefore recommend that most of individuals increase their intake of dietary fiber.

Characterization of insoluble dietary fiber from Pleurotus eryngii and evaluation of its effects on obesity-preventing or relieving effects via modulation of gut microbiota

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obesity preventing or relieving effect of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)from Pleurotus eryngii through its modulations on intestinal microbiota.The IDF was extracted and structurally characterized through FTIR,X-Ray and thermogravimetric(TG)analysis.The mice for in vivo experiments were divided into obesity preventing group(feeding high-fat diet while gavage IDF simultaneously)and obesity relieving group(IDF intervention after the establishment of the obese model)to evaluate its hypolipidemic effect.Results:The yield of P.eryngii IDF extracts was 56.49%(on P.eryngii dry weight base)with IDF content of 85.15%in the extracts.The in vivo results showed that the body weight of the obesity-preventing groups was still increasing after intervention with IDF,but the growth rate was lowered,and the abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation syndromes were alleviated;the acetic acid content of the medium and low dose dietary fiber intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the normal group,and the structure of the intestinal flora was improved.The mice weight from the obesity-relieving group decreased significantly.The abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation were alleviated.In conclusion,The IDF intervention decreased the abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation in both obesity-preventing and relieving experiments.The intestinal flora structure was obviously improved.P.eryngii IDF is a good candidate as hypolipidemic agent.