Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer functions.It is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train body.In the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation effects.The model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier model.For equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s functions.The bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field approach.The sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s functions.Results show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with measurements.Modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are evaluated.The largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low receiver.This leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low frequencies.For the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

Translation Theory and Techniques in Optometry Literature: A Case Study of the “Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”

Translation of specialized documents in optometry presents unique challenges,requiring a deep understanding of the professional context,terminology,and adherence to specific translation styles.This paper delves into the translation theory and techniques employed in the English-to-Chinese translation of the“Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”,serving as a case study.Emphasizing Nida’s theory of functional equivalence,the paper explores the complexities of translating professional optometry literature,focusing on key points and common issues in translating installation and maintenance manuals for optometric devices.Special attention is given to the translation of professional terminology,employing methods such as addition,omission,conversion,and repetition.The translation process aims to meet specific requirements,ensuring accuracy and coherence while aligning with Chinese language conventions.The paper also analyzes translation methods and techniques concerning terminology,prepositions,conjunctions,and handling parallel elements based on practical insights from the Optoform 80 Manual.

Construction Safety Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Projects

Various industries today rely on the support of electromechanical equipment,expanding its scope of application and leading to an increase in electromechanical installation projects.However,due to the high level of expertise required and the potential risks involved,it is crucial to emphasize safety management during construction.This paper delves into the significance of construction safety management for electromechanical installation projects,identifies common problems encountered during construction,and proposes solutions.This analysis aims to provide relevant personnel with essential guidance and references for managing electromechanical installation projects safely.

Construction Technology of Lightning Protection Devices in Building Electrical Installation Engineering

To better improve the electrical safety of buildings and fulfill the role of lightning protection and grounding,this article combines cases and discusses seven aspects of lightning protection devices’construction technology.These aspects include the lightning protection classification of buildings,air terminals,down conductors,grounding devices,division of lightning protection zones,and lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding.Through the introduction of this article,readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the application and value of lightning protection grounding construction technology in building electrical installation projects.

Valuation of the flexibility in decision-making for revamping installations―A case from fertilizer plants

This paper puts forward a valuation model for the flexibility of revamping urea plants based on the substitutability of switching between the internationally accepted fertilizer feedstock fuel oil and natural gas. The paper first builds a stochastic mean-reversion model for fuel oil prices and natural gas prices respectively, then estimates and tests the parameters using the fuel oil and natural gas prices data from the U.S. market. This paper also conducts a sensitivity analysis with important parameters. The results show that the real option method can be applied successfully to evaluate the flexibility in decision- making for revamping installations in fertilizer plants or other similar plants.

Innovative Design of Landscape Installations in Commercial Pedestrian Streets Based on Experience Needs

Based on the relevant literature and case data, this paper analyzed the design elements of commercial pedestrian streets and design ideas of landscape installations based on behavioral psychological characteristics and experience requirements of users, and summarized the FST design method, that is, landscape installation design of commercial pedestrian streets needs to meet the function of commercial use and respect the spirit of place, and uses modern technology to achieve multiple experience models to meet high-level experience needs.

Application of Interactive Installations in Urban Landscape Design

At present,many scholars at home and abroad have put forward classic theoretical knowledge about interactive installations,but the application research of interactive installations in urban landscape design is relatively vague.Moreover,most of them focus on the research of individual interactive installations without taking the surrounding environment into consideration,and there are few targeted researches on the application of interactive installations in landscape design.In this study,through the investigation on interactive forms and implementation methods of interactive installation intervention in urban landscapes,as well as domestic excellent cases,we discovered the existing problems of interactive installation intervention in urban landscape design and put forward our own opinions on future development.

Investigation of Changes in Flow Parameters along the Transport Line in Installations for Pneumatic Transport of Cotton

The article presents the results of a study of changes in the parameters of the flow, velocity and pressure of air along the cotton transportation line in pneumatic transport installations and their dependence on the parameters of the pipeline. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the choice of the pipeline diameter depending on the properties of the material (cotton), the required processing capacity and pipeline throughput. In the research, an analytical method was used to study changes in the pressure of the air flow along the transportation line at different pipeline diameters. It is established that, according to the existing calculation method, the flow pressure along the transportation line is reduced to zero. At the same time, various scientists have proposed various analytical and empirical dependencies, which, in turn, give different ideas about the resistance of the inner surface of the pipes to the movement of air and material flow and do not describe the real situation, especially when transporting material from a long distance. This requires in-depth theoretical and applied research to establish real patterns of changes in flow parameters along the material (cotton) transportation line.

Dynamic Analysis of A Deep-Water Compliant Vertical Access Riser with A Variable Length During Installation

Compliant vertical access risers(CVAR)have broad application prospects in deep-water oil and gas transportation.However,the mechanical behaviors of the CVAR with a variable length during installation remains unclear.To address this issue,based on the flexible segment method,a model of CVAR with a variable length during installation is established in this study,which is verified by the comparison with commercial software.Then,the mechanical behaviors of CVAR during installation are investigated.The results reveal that the CVAR configuration is significantly affected by the buoyancy blocks.The streamwise displacement of CVAR increases with the increase of current velocity.When the BOP weight is insuffcient,obvious upbending is observed in the lower region and transition region,leading to local compression.When the platform moves in the opposite direction to the current,the maximum stress is larger than that of the scenario when the platform moves in the same direction as the current.

Studies on Suction-Assisted Installation Behavior of Suction Caissons in Clay Under Various Undrained Shear Strengths

Suction caissons are widely used for anchoring floating platform and offshore wind turbines.Penetration of the suction caisson into the desired position under the combination of its self-weight and applied suction resulted from pumping out the encased water is integral to practical engineering.Model tests were carried out to investigate the suctionassisted installation of suction caissons in clay under various undrained shear strengths.It was found that there exists a critical penetration depth value.When the penetration depth is smaller than the critical value,the soil plug undrained shear strength is higher than intact clay(i.e.,clay prior to installation).However,when the penetration depth is greater than the critical penetration depth,the undrained shear strength of soil plug is lower than intact clay.The critical value decreases with the increasing consolidation time and undrained shear strength of clay.During suction-assisted installation,cracks occur around suction caissons.The installation way has little effect on the crack formation.The influence range(i.e.,the maximum distance between the crack and the suction caisson edge)was found to increase with the increasing friction coefficient of interface between the suction caisson wall and soil and decreases with the increasing soil undrained shear strength.In addition,the drained condition of the clay during installation is dominated by the caisson aspect ratio,the undrained shear strength and the friction coefficient between the caisson wall and clay.Equations to estimate the penetration resistance and the required suction to install the suction caisson are summarized.

Optimal Configuration Method for the Installed Capacity of the Solar-Thermal Power Stations

Because of the randomness of wind power and photovoltaic(PV)output of new energy bases,the problem of peak regulation capability and voltage stability of ultra-high voltage direct current(UHVDC)transmission lines,we proposed an optimum allocation method of installed capacity of the solar-thermal power station based on chance constrained programming in this work.Firstly,we established the uncertainty model of wind power and PV based on the chance constrained planning theory.Then we used the K-medoids clusteringmethod to cluster the scenarios considering the actual operation scenarios throughout the year.Secondly,we established the optimal configuration model based on the objective function of the strongest transient voltage stability and the lowest overall cost of operation.Finally,by quantitative analysis of actual wind power and photovoltaic new energy base,this work verified the feasibility of the proposed method.As a result of the simulations,we found that using the optimal configuration method of solar-thermal power stations could ensure an accurate allocation of installed capacity.When the installed capacity of the solar-thermal power station is 1×106 kW,the transient voltage recovery index(TVRI)is 0.359,which has a strong voltage support capacity for the system.Based on the results of this work,the optimal configuration of the installed capacity of the solar-thermal power plant can improve peak shaving performance,transient voltage support capability,and new energy consumption while satisfying the Direct Current(DC)outgoing transmission premise.

中国新能源产业高质量发展:进展、挑战及对策

大力发展新能源是改善我国能源结构,保障国家能源安全,实现碳达峰碳中和美好愿景的必然选择。一方面,新能源的大规模开发利用,可以有效减少对传统化石能源和进口能源的依赖,降低环境污染和温室气体排放,为经济社会发展提供绿色低碳且可持续的能源支撑。另一方面,新能源产业属于我国新质生产力,代表着科技革命和产业变革的新方向、新趋势。新能源技术的发展和产业链的构建,可以有力地带动装备制造、科技研发、配套服务等相关产业的发展,促进技术创新和产业升级,培育新的经济增长点,对于我国加快产业结构优化升级、增强经济综合竞争力具有重要意义。

螺旋桨发动机安装系统动力学设计技术综述

随着螺旋桨发动机安装系统国产化研制进程的加快,需要开展相关的安装系统技术研究,而动力学设计是其中的重要组成部分。本文对比分析了不同结构形式安装系统的动态性能特点,进一步从军民用标准规范和工程实践经验出发,归纳了安装系统动力学设计的技术要求,梳理了安装系统动力学设计技术的发展历程和国内外现状,指出国内外差距主要体现在设计理念、关键技术和应用实践经验等方面。在此基础上,展望了螺旋桨发动机安装系统动力学设计技术的发展趋势,为当前及未来螺旋桨发动机安装系统的设计技术研究提供了参考。

水下控制模块安装工具结构设计与对接精度分析

水下控制模块是水下生产系统的关键部件,针对水下控制模块在水下如何精准、高效、安全地实现回收和再安装工作的问题,本文设计了一种水下控制模块安装工具。对此安装工具进行了机械结构的设计,将安装工具各部分结构在工作过程中的作用进行了介绍。针对安装工具能够顺利完成水下控制模块的安装,基于安装工具各部分结构对接精度关系分析,通过数学建模与仿真分析,得到影响水下控制模块安装精度的原因,设计合理的安装精度参数。将仿真分析得到的数据与设计参数相比较,可证明水下控制模块的结构设计能满足水下控制模块的对接定位精度要求。结果表明:各精度参数满足水下控制模块安装工具设计要求,在此设计参数下安装工具能够完成水下控制模块的精确安装。

边墙风机隔振设计探讨

采用大块弹性垫对边墙风机进行隔振设计。基于单自由度系统有阻尼受迫振动的经典解,进一步导出隔振效率与垫板参数的变化关系。分析表明:对于面积为(480×350)mm的SR11垫板,当垫板厚度为48.3mm时,对应预期隔振效率80%。当垫板厚度大于14.05mm,小于48.3mm时,随着厚度的增加,隔振效率急剧上升;当垫板厚度大于48.3mm时,随着厚度的增加,隔振效率上升极平缓;当厚度在48.3mm及其附近取值时,既能取得良好隔振效果,又能降低边墙风机的重心以及产品成本。在各自一定的范围内,垫板面积、静弹性模量、阻尼比越小,隔振效率越大,隔振效果越好。此外,改进了边墙风机的安装设计。在风机底面与墙壁方形开口下表面之间铺设经设计的SR11垫板,允许风机竖向往复微运动,让垫板的隔振性能得以发挥。同时,阻止空气从风机周边缝隙通过。

轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台在宁波曼哈顿大厦项目中的应用

宁波曼哈顿大厦标准层核心筒采用自主研发的轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台,其以刚性桁架结构为主体,顶部整体钢平台可安装集成布料机,并悬挂核心筒墙体模板及4~5层操作平台,通过全作业面防护保障了多作业面穿插作业。介绍了该钢平台安装、运行、拆除施工流程及重难点管理。实践表明,采用该钢平台施工,缩短了主要工序时间,从而有效缩短了核心筒标准层工期。

自动化生产线工业机器人的装调工艺仿真

在自动化生产线安装调试工作中,工业机器人的装调费时费力且难以迅速满足生产线工艺要求,提出了使用Process Simulate软件对自动化生产线中的工业机器人进行工艺仿真的解决方案。文章介绍了使用Process Simulate软件对自动化生产线中的工业机器人进行工艺仿真的基本方法和过程,从而实现工业机器人装调效率和自动化生产线生产效率的提高。

转子-径隙式水力空化反应器空化性能优化研究

旋转型水力空化反应器因其空化强度大,空化率高,已被广泛应用于杀菌消毒,污水处理等工业领域。文章提出一种弧形转子,通过数值计算分析弧形转子与原转子在不同转速下反应器内部空化性能,分析定子与转子之间的相互作用,研究改变弧形转子叶片入口安装角对反应器内部空化性能的影响。结果表明,在不同转速下,弧形转子均极大提高反应器内部空化强度,提高空化率。转子区域,空化发生于转子叶片吸力面,与低压区相对应;定子区域,转子叶片转过定子盲孔时,对流体进行强剪切,盲孔内部与进出口分离区压力降低涡量增大,发生剪切空化以及涡空化。增大叶片入口安装角度可以极大增加空化强度,提高反应器性能。

密砂中单盘螺旋锚安装效应对抗拔能力影响的数值分析

目的研究密砂中单盘螺旋锚安装过程中锚周土体变形特性及其对抗拔能力的影响,为螺旋锚基础精细化设计提供技术支撑。方法利用MatDEM软件建立密砂中螺旋锚安装及拉拔过程的数值计算模型,通过与室内模型试验结果对比标定颗粒微观力学参数,进而分析钻入和预埋两种安装方式下不同埋深和盘径的螺旋锚安装效应及上拔承载力。结果当H/d w≤10时,钻入安装的极限上拔力较预埋低,当H/d w>10后,安装方式带来承载力差别不再随埋深增加而增加;随着盘径增大,两种安装方式下螺旋锚的承载能力均表现出增大的趋势,钻入方式下的Q ut比预埋下的Q up降低量从33%增至53%,预埋方式螺旋锚的承载能力高于钻入。结论钻入安装螺旋锚的上拔承载力低于预埋方式的承载力,但当埋深比超过10后,安装扰动对承载力的影响随着深度变化很小;随着盘径增加,安装扰动对极限上拔承载力的影响增大,相较于埋深变化带来的安装扰动差异,盘径变化带来的影响更明显。

砂土中桩靴插桩对临近筒型基础的影响研究

通过物理模型试验和有限元法研究砂土中风电安装船桩靴插桩对临近筒型基础的影响。首先通过物理模型试验,验证有限元模型的合理性,初步确定桩靴在砂土中贯入的影响范围大致在2.5倍桩靴直径。基于有限元CEL方法进一步研究桩靴和筒型基础的净距与桩靴直径之比(S/D)对筒型基础在位稳定性的影响。结果表明:筒型基础的倾斜率、最大竖向位移以及筒壁应力随着S/D的增大而逐渐减小,插桩过程中,靠近桩靴一侧的筒裙和分舱板应力远大于远离桩靴一侧的筒型基础应力,且筒顶的土压力远小于筒底土压力。