Effects of nano-AlN on phase transformation of low temperature vitrified bond during sintering process

The effects of nano-AlN and sintering temperature on bending strength and wear resistance of low temperature vitrified bond for diamond grinding tools were studied. Furthermore, the phase transformation during sintering process was investigated by means of thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the higher bending strength and wear resistance of low temperature vitrified bond are obtained by adding nano-AlN in bonds and sintering at optimum temperature. Nano-AlN added in bonds promotes the crystallization during sintering process and refines the grain sizes of crystalline phase.

Low-field magnetoresistance of (1-x)La_(0.6)Dy_(0.1)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3/0.5x (Sb_2O_3) composite system under different sintering temperatures of matrix

A series of (1-x)La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3/0.5x(Sb2O3)(x=0.15) samples were prepared by the solid-state reaction method, and the influence of sintering temperature of the matrix on low-field magnetoresistance of (1-x)La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3/0.5x (Sb2O3) was studied through the measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, resistivity-temperature (ρ-T) curves, and magnetoresistance-temperature (MR-T) curves. The results indicate that for the samples with low sintering temperature of the matrix, lowfield magnetoresistance effect appears on the whole temperature range and can be explained by grain boundary effect; for the sample with high sintering temperature of the matrix, intrinsic magnetoresistance peak appears on the high-temperature range, low-field magnetore-sistance effect appears on low temperature range, and the magnetoresistance in the magnetic field of 0.2 T and on the comparatively large temperature range between 280 K and 225 K hardly changes with temperature and remains at 4.8%, which can be explained by the competition between the intrinsic magnetoresistance induced by double-exchange function inside grains and the tunneling magnetoresis-tance (TMR) induced by grain boundary effect. The temperature stability of magnetoresistance is beneficial to the practical applications of MR.

Feasibility Demonstrations of Liquid Turbine Power Generator Driven by Low Temperature Heats

Lower temperature waste heats less than 373 K have strong potentials to supply additional energies because of their enormous quantities and ubiquity. Accordingly, reinforcement of power generations harvesting low temperature heats is one of the urgent tasks for the current generation in order to accomplish energy sustainability in the coming decades. In this study, a liquid turbine power generator driven by lower temperature heats below 373 K was proposed in the aim of expanding selectable options for harvesting low temperature waste heats less than 373 K. The proposing system was so simply that it was mainly composed of a liquid turbine, a liquid container with a biphasic medium of water and an underlying water-insoluble low-boiling-point medium in a liquid phase, a heating section for vaporization of the liquid and a cooling section for entropy discharge outside the system. Assumed power generating steps via the proposing liquid turbine power generator were as follows: step 1: the underlying low-boiling-point medium in a liquid phase was vaporized, step 2: the surfacing vapor bubbles of low-boiling-point medium accompanied the biphasic medium in their wakes, step 3: such high momentum flux by step 2 rotated the liquid turbine (i.e. power generation), step 4: the surfacing low-boiling-point medium vapor was gradually condensed into droplets, step 5: the low-boiling-point medium droplets were submerged to the underlying medium in a liquid phase. Experiments with a prototype liquid turbine power generator proved power generations in accordance with the assumed steps at a little higher than ordinary temperature. Increasing output voltage could be obtained with an increase in the cooling temperature among tested ranging from 294 to 296 K in contrast to normal thermal engines. Further improvements of the direct current voltage from the proposing liquid turbine power generator can be expected by means of far more vigorous multiphase flow induced by adding solid powders and theoretical optimizations of heat and mass transfers.

Preparation and Performance of Ternesite-Ye’Elimite Clinker Produced from Steel Slag at Lower Temperature

Ternesite(4CaO·2SiO_(2)·CaSO_(4))-Ye’elimite(3CaO·3Al_(2)O_(3)·CaSO_(4))(simplified as TY)cement clinker was successfully prepared from steel slag at 1200℃in this study.XRD,TG/DSC and SEM were used to analyze the mineral composition and hydration products of the TY clinker.The sintering process and hydration mechanism of the TY clinker were investigated.Results show that a large amount of ternesite and ye’elimite have been formed at 1200℃,while ternesite has not been decomposed.Clinker minerals include ternesite,ye’elimite,gypsum and a small amount of iron phase.Iron phase from steel slag can promote the formation of liquid phase with the presence of gypsum at 1200℃and thus lead to the coexistence of ternesite and ye’elimite.The compressive strength of TY cement cured at 28 d is 59.5 MPa,which is higher than that of P.II 42.5 cement.This research provides a sustainable and energy-effective way for the reutilization of steel slag,an otherwise valueless waste.

A Novel Low Temperature Synthesis of KNN Nanoparticles by Facile Wet Chemical Method

Sodium potassium niobate (KNN) (K0.5Na0.5NbO3) nanopowder with a mean particle size of about 20 - 30 nm was synthesized by wet chemical route using Nb2O5 as Nb source. A solution of K, Na and Nb cations was prepared, which resulted in a clear gel after the thermal treatment. Phase analysis, microstructure and morphology of the powder were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The obtained gel was first analyzed by Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and then calcined at different temperatures of 400℃, 500℃, 600℃ and 700℃. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of the synthesized samples confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic crystal phase of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 at 500?C, a temperature significantly lower than that typically used in the conventional mixed oxide route. The process developed in this work is convenient to realize the mass production of KNN nanopowders at low cost and suitable for various industrial applications.

液相添加剂AST对PTCR BaTiO_3陶瓷电气物理特性的影响

研究添加液相添加剂ＡＳＴ（质量分数ｗ为０．４％～１．０％或摩尔分数ｘ为１．６％～４．０％）的ＰＴＣＲ（Ｂａ０．９１Ｓｒ０．０６Ｃａ０．０３）Ｔｉ１．０１Ｏ３陶瓷材料。测量了烧结条件为１３２０～１３８０℃／０．５ｈ陶瓷材料试样的室温电阻、Ｒ－Ｔ曲线、Ｉ－Ｖ曲线、电阻温度系数α及开关温度Ｔｂ。在实验结果基础上，讨论了ＡＳＴ添加量对ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷主要电特性的影响。得出：ＡＳＴ添加量增加。

APPLICATION POSSIBILITY OF BINARY NONAZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANT IN JET REFRIGERATION *

This paper analyzes the possibility of applying binary nonazeotropic refrigerants in the jet refrigeration cycle. The thermodynamic cycle performance of two kinds of working pairs (R30/R142b, R30/R124) are calculated using the EOS of PR equation of state, and the results are discussed. The theoretical calculations indicate that refrigerating quality can be improved if the binary mixtures evaporate just in the low temperature region. The character of the rejecter to compress two phase medium supports the possibility of this kind of cycle.

莫来石纤维增强氧化物多孔陶瓷及其性能研究

以不同规格的粉煤灰漂珠、长石粉和铝矾土粉为主要原料,引入莫来石纤维为增强相,研究莫来石纤维含量对多孔陶瓷材料性能的影响规律及作用机理。结果表明:高温下长石粉中的低熔相能够降低材料的共晶熔点,将基质间的物理界面结合转变为化学结合。样品经1100℃烧成后,随着莫来石纤维含量的增加,多孔陶瓷的闭口气孔率增加,而常温耐压强度和体积密度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当莫来石纤维含量为10 wt.%时,材料具有最佳综合性能,其体积密度为(0.74±0.01)g·cm^(−3)、真气孔率为(72.70±0.58)%,常温下耐压强度为(7.30±0.64)MPa。此外,试样在300℃、600℃及900℃下的平均热导率分别为0.202 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)、0.214 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)及0.244 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)。

低温液相法从脱硫废渣中制备不溶性硫磺

HPF脱硫废渣是煤气脱硫工序的副产物,含有焦油、铵盐、酚、萘等多种杂质,是煤化工企业难以处理的固体废弃物。通过萃取-结晶技术,得到了纯度高于99.97%的高纯度硫磺。在较低的温度条件下,用提纯的硫磺制备了不溶性硫磺,通过三因素三水平正交试验,得到了低温液相法的最佳工艺条件。采用化学分析、差热、热重分析和X射线衍射分析技术,对产品的结构和性质进行了分析定性。试验结果表明,不溶性硫磺晶体结构和普通硫磺存在显著差异,具有较好的热稳定性。

氮化硅陶瓷低温烧结助剂研究进展

氮化硅陶瓷性能优异,然而由于其共价键较强,自扩散系数小,烧结难度较大。目前高性能氮化硅陶瓷主要通过高温气压烧结法制备,烧结温度在1800℃以上,对设备要求较高,制备成本也较高,限制了氮化硅陶瓷的实际应用。低温烧结作为降低氮化硅生产成本的有效途径之一,受到了业界广泛关注。目前国内外关于氮化硅陶瓷低温烧结的研究主要集中在烧结助剂的选择方面,烧结助剂可以分为两类:使用与SiO_(2)共晶温度较低的烧结助剂和使用多组分烧结助剂。综述了这两类低温烧结助剂的研究进展,并提出了低温烧结助剂选择的合理方案。综合来看,要在低温下制得性能良好的氮化硅陶瓷,需选用与SiO_(2)具有低共晶点的烧结助剂,并配合使用多元组分调控氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构和性能。

不同w(SiO_(2))铁精矿高温烧结性能研究与优化配矿

本文以新钢4种不同w(SiO_(2))的铁精矿为研究对象,深入探讨同化性能、液相流动性能、烧结体固结强度和铁酸钙生成特性等高温烧结性能,并以此为基础,结合现场生产方案进行优化配矿烧结试验。结果表明:在固定碱度为1.95的条件下,随着铁精矿中w(SiO_(2))提高,液相生成温度降低,液相生成量显著增加,液相流动性改善,但w(SiO_(2))过高会对同化性能和烧结体固结强度产生负面影响;合理调控w(SiO_(2))是优化烧结成矿过程的液相特性以及改善烧结矿质量的关键;通过优化精矿配比使含铁原料的w(SiO_(2))分数由3.90%提高至3.99%,烧结机利用系数提高0.25 t/(m^(2)·h),烧结矿成品率和转鼓强度分别提高5.91%和8.12%,固体燃料消耗则降低5.59 kg/t,烧结矿指标显著改善。

纯水相Ag^(+)/TiO_(2)溶液的制备及其抗菌性能研究

采用低温液相法制备了纯水相纳米TiO_(2)溶液,然后在纳米TiO_(2)表面沉积Ag^(+)获得了纯水相Ag^(+)/TiO_(2)溶液。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱仪(PL)进行表征。经过各项表征分析可知,Ag^(+)/TiO_(2)粒子是粒径10 nm的球形颗粒,XRD特征峰为锐钛矿二氧化钛和硫酸银的叠加峰。此外,沉积的Ag以+1的价态存在,且提高了纳米TiO_(2)的光催化活性,产生了协同效应。抗菌测试结果表明,制备的纯水相Ag^(+)/TiO_(2)溶液在不同菌种和不同应用环境下均表现优异的抗菌性能,说明了Ag^(+)/TiO_(2)抗菌的高效性和广谱性,具有极大的市场应用价值。

三钢铁矿石高温基础特性评价与研究

为保证烧结高效稳定生产,针对三钢常用的八种铁矿粉的高温基础性能进行了相关研究。研究结果表明,矿种和铁氧化物赋存形态的不同均会影响到矿粉的高温基础性能,A 1矿粉内部褐铁矿含量较高,高温反应性较好,最低同化温度较低;磁铁矿粉的最低同化温度都达到了1300℃以上,液相生成能力和流动能力都较好,尤其B 1液相流动性指数达到了5.59,各铁矿粉之间存在烧结互补特性。研究铁矿石的高温基础特性为优化烧结配矿提供了技术依据,基于检测结果,确定了矿粉配比为外购富矿粉∶国内精矿粉=8∶2,后续可根据性价比对配比进行微调。

低温浆料球阀在芳烃装置中的首次应用

主要介绍了中海石油宁波大榭石化有限公司160万t/a芳烃装置结晶、制冷单元固液两相工况条件下所选用的低温浆料球阀的设计工况、结构设计特点以及该型球阀的选材、加工制造、性能试验等过程。

Sintering characteristics, phase transitions, and microwave dielectric properties of low-firing [(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)Bi_(1-x)](W_(x)V_(1-x))O_(4) solid solutionceramics

A series of high-k[(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)Bi_(1-x)](W_(x)V_(1-x))O_(4)(abbreviated as NBWV(x value))solid solution ceramics with a scheelite-like structure are synthesized by a modified solid-state reaction method at the temperature range of 680-760 C.A monoclinic(0≤x<0.09)to tetragonal scheelite(0.09≤x≤1.0)structural phase transition is confirmed by X-ray difraction(XRD),Raman,and infrared(IR)analyses.The effect of structural deformation and order-disorder caused by Na^(+)/Bi^(3+)/W^(6+) complex substitution on microwave dielectric properties is investigated in deail.The compositional series possess a wide range of variable relative permittivity(er=24.8-80)and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TCF value,-271.9-188.9 ppm/℃).The maximum permittivity of 80 and a high Qxf value of~10,000 GHz are obtained near the phase boundary at x=0.09.Furthermore,the temperature-stable dielectric ceramics sintered at 680 C with excellent microwave dielectric properties of ε_(r)=80.7,Qxf=9400 GHz(at 4.1 GHz),and TCF value=-3.8 ppm/℃ are designed by mixing the components of x=0.07 and 0.08.In summary,similar sinterability and structural compatibility of scheelite-like solid solution systems make it potential for low-temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)applications.

Sintering behavior of aluminum nitride powder prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method

Fully dense aluminum nitride(AIN) ceramics were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) method using AIN powder as raw material with Y2O3additive. The sintering behavior was studied at different sintering temperatures and additive contents. The change of phase compositions, secondary phase distributions and grain morphologies during sintering process were investigated. It is shown that fully dense ceramics using AIN powder prepared by SHS method can be obtained when the sintering temperature is above 1830 ℃. Both Y2O3content and sintering temperature have an important influence on the formation of Y-Al-O phase and grain shape. When Y2O3content is identified, the grain morphology converts from polyhedron into sphere-like shape with the rise of sintering temperature. At a certain sintering temperature,the grain size decreases with the increase in Y2O3content. The influencing mechanisms of different YAl-O secondary phases and sintering temperatures on the grain size and morphology were also discussed based on the experimental results.

烧结温度对无压液相烧结TiN陶瓷组织与性能的影响

以微米级TiN粉体为原料,纳米级Y2O3和Al2O3粉体为液相烧结助剂,采用无压液相烧结工艺制备TiN陶瓷,研究了烧结温度(1700~1850℃)对TiN陶瓷显微组织、力学性能和电学性能的影响。结果表明:不同烧结温度下陶瓷均由TiN、YAG(Y3Al5O12)和YAM(Y4Al2O9)三相组成;当烧结温度低于1800℃时,TiN相分布均匀,YAG和YAM相较少,当烧结温度为1800℃时,TiN晶粒长大,YAG和YAM相增多。随着烧结温度的升高,TiN陶瓷的相对密度、维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度均先增大后减小,开口气孔率和电阻率均先减小后增大。当烧结温度低于1800℃时,陶瓷的断裂方式以沿晶断裂为主,当烧结温度不低于1800℃时以穿晶断裂为主。当烧结温度为1800℃时,TiN陶瓷的综合性能最佳,其相对密度、维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度均最大,分别为98.3%,13 GPa,420 MPa,6.1 MPa·m^(1/2),开口气孔率和电阻率均最小,分别为0.12%和3.04×10^(-7)Ω·m。

高温无铅电子封装技术研究进展

针对当前高温功率芯片耐高温封装连接问题,评述了国内外新型无铅高温焊料、纳米颗粒烧结技术、瞬时液相连接和瞬时液相烧结(Transient liquid phase sintering, TLPS)技术的研究现状和动态,分析了各种技术的优缺点。分析发现纳米颗粒材料和TLPS连接技术应用于高温器件封装时具有低温连接、高温服役的显著优势。但纳米颗粒材料烧结过程中存在有机物难以挥发、Cu纳米颗粒易被氧化、Ag纳米颗粒接头中的电迁移等问题;TLPS烧结过程中由于有机粘结剂的挥发以及颗粒物体积收缩,致使接头产生孔洞,导致接头的电导率和热导率降低。这些问题可以通过合金元素的添加、工艺的改进,以及焊料的复合化加以解决,这将推动高温电子封装行业的发展。

硼镁铁精粉的烧结性能试验及工业应用

为了拓展可用铁矿资源的来源途径,本文对一种含硼、镁的铁矿资源(丹东硼镁铁精粉)的烧结性能进行试验研究,并开展相关工业应用试验。结果表明:硼镁铁精粉的同化性能与杨迪粉接近,液相流动性能与PB粉接近;在现有烧结原料和工艺条件下,硼镁铁精粉等比例替代地方磁精粉,有利于提高烧结矿的成品率,降低固体燃料消耗,改善烧结矿的低温还原粉化性能。该铁精粉配比低于10%对提高烧结机利用系数和烧结矿转鼓强度有利,高于10%对上述两个指标有负面影响。工业应用试验结果表明,配加3%的硼镁铁精粉后,烧结矿的全铁品位略有降低,烧结矿中B_(2)O_(3)质量分数增加,达到0.56%;烧结矿的粒度组成得到优化,(5,10)mm和≤5 mm的粒级占比分别降低0.79%和1.29%,>40 mm的粒级占比增加3.01%;烧结机利用系数由1.60 t/(m^(2)·h)提高到1.62 t/(m^(2)·h),烧结矿转鼓强度提高2.22个百分点,低温还原粉化指数(>3.15 mm)由58.80%上升至60.29%,烧结矿产、质量指标均有明显改善。

反式环己基(三)联苯类液晶化合物微波介电性能分析

目前微波移相器用液晶材料大多以高双折射率多联苯类或多苯乙炔类液晶化合物作为主要组分,但这些液晶化合物在使用时不可避免地存在粘度大、介电损耗偏高或光热稳定性较差等缺点。反式环己基(三)联苯类液晶化合物具有相对较低的粘度、高热稳定性等特点,普遍用在显示器件之中,但在微波介电性能方面的研究报道较少。本文选择性合成了6个异硫氰基反式环己基联苯和三联苯类液晶化合物,测试了它们的相态和微波(10~30 GHz)介电性能,利用密度泛函理论(DFT),通过分子模拟计算了它们的偶极矩和极化率,并与相关结构的多联苯类液晶化合物的性能进行比较,探讨其反式环己基结构对液晶分子的微波介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,异硫氰基反式环己基(三)联苯类液晶化合物不仅其熔点相对较低(<90℃)、向列相温度范围宽(86~160℃),而且在10~30 GHz时的介电损耗低(≤7.25×10^(-3)),使其微波的品质因素相对较高(η≥30),适于作为微波用液晶材料的有效组份。