A more general form of lump solution,lumpoff,and instanton/rogue wave solutions of a reduced (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation

In this manuscript,a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is studied.We first construct the bilinear formalism of the equation by using the binary Bell polynomials theory,then explore a lump solution to the special case for z=x.Furthermore,a more general form of lump solution of the equation is found which possesses seven arbitrary parameters and four constraint conditions.By cutting the lump by the induced soliton(s),lumpoff and instanton/rogue wave solutions are also constructed by the more general form of lump solution.

Instanton Effects on Gluon Propagator

Gluon propagator is investigated for pure Yang-Mills SU(3) gauge theory in field-strength approach. It isfound that instantohs provide a homogeneous solid-like medium background which generates finite nonzero momentumgluon propagator and gluon receives effective mass.

The intermittent excitation of geodesic acoustic mode by resonant Instanton of electron drift wave envelope in L-mode discharge near tokamak edge

There are two distinct phases in the evolution of drift wave envelope in the presence of zonal flow.A long-lived standing wave phase,which we call the Caviton,and a short-lived traveling wave phase(in radial direction) we call the Instanton.Several abrupt phenomena observed in tokamaks,such as intermittent excitation of geodesic acoustic mode(GAM) shown in this paper,could be attributed to the sudden and fast radial motion of Instanton.The composite drift wave-zonal flow system evolves at the two well-separate scales:the micro-scale and the meso-scale.The eigenmode equation of the model defines the zero-order(micro-scale) variation;it is solved by making use of the two-dimensional(2 D) weakly asymmetric ballooning theory(WABT),a theory suitable for modes localized to rational surface like drift waves,and then refined by shifted inverse power method,an iterative finite difference method.The next order is the equation of electron drift wave(EDW) envelope(containing group velocity of EDW) which is modulated by the zonal flow generated by Reynolds stress of EDW.This equation is coupled to the zonal flow equation,and numerically solved in spatiotemporal representation;the results are displayed in self-explanatory graphs.One observes a strong correlation between the Caviton-Instanton transition and the zero-crossing of radial group velocity of EDW.The calculation brings out the defining characteristics of the Instanton:it begins as a linear traveling wave right after the transition.Then,it evolves to a nonlinear stage with increasing frequency all the way to 20 kHz.The modulation to Reynolds stress in zonal flow equation brought in by the nonlinear Instanton will cause resonant excitation to GAM.The intermittency is shown due to the random phase mixing between multiple central rational surfaces in the reaction region.

Light D wave meson spectrum in a relativistic harmonic model with instanton induced interaction

The mass spectrum of the D wave mesons is considered in the frame work of relativistic harmonic model (RHM). The full Hamiltonian used in the investigation has the Lorentz scalar plus a vector harmonic-oscillator potential, the confined-one-gluon-exchange potential (COGEP) and the instanton-induced quark-antiquark interaction (III). A good agreement between calculated D wave meson masses with experimental D wave meson masses is obtained. The respective role of III and COGEP in the D wave meson spectrum is discussed.

Ground State Meson Spectrum in a Relativistic Model with Instanton Induced Interaction

S 波浪介子的集体光谱在相对论的泛音模型(RHM ) 的框架工作被考虑。在调查使用的完整的 Hamiltonian 加一个向量泛音振荡器潜力， confined-one-gluon-exchange 潜力(COGEP ) 和导致 instanton 的夸克反夸克相互作用(III ) 有 Lorentz 数量。对集体光谱的好描述被获得。在 S 波浪介子光谱的 III 和 COGEP 的各自的角色被讨论。

Reanalyzing Pentaquark Θ^＋（1540） in Framework of QCD Sum Rules Approach with Direct Instantons

在这篇文章，我们学习 pentaquark 状态Θ ~+(1540 ) 与一(数量) 在 QCD 和的框架的 diquark 反夸克类型插入内推电流统治的 diquark-( 假数量) 由从直接立刻的 ons 包括贡献的途径。数字结果显示从直接立刻的 ons 的贡献是很小的并且能安全地被忽视。

Higgs-like(pseudo)scalars in AdS_(4),marginal and irrelevant deformations in CFT_(3),and instantons on S^(3)

Employing a 4-form ansatz of 11-dimensional supergravity over a non-dynamical AdS_(4)×S^(7)/Z_(k)background and setting the internal space as an S1 Hopf fibration on CP3,we obtain a consistent truncation.The(pseudo)scalars,in the resulting scalar equations in Euclidean AdS_(4)space,may be considered to arise from(anti)M-branes wrapping around the internal directions in the(Wick-rotated)skew-whiffed M2-brane background(as the resulting theory is for anti-M2-branes),thus realizing the modes after swapping the three fundamental representations 8_(s),8_(c),and 8_(v) of SO(8).Taking the backreaction on the external and internal spaces,we obtain the massless and massive modes,corresponding to exactly marginal and marginally irrelevant deformations on the boundary CFT3,respectively.Subsequently,we obtain a closed solution for the bulk equation and compute its correction with respect to the background action.Next,considering the Higgs-like(breathing)mode m^(2)=18,having all supersymmetries as well as parity and scale-invariance broken,solving the associated bulk equation with mathematical methods,specifically the Adomian decomposition method,and analyzing the behavior near the boundary of the solutions,we realize the boundary duals in the SU(4)×U(1)-singlet sectors of the ABJM model.Then,introducing the new dual deformationΔ_(+)=3,6 operators made of bi-fundamental scalars,fermions,and U(1)gauge fields,we obtain the SO(4)-invariant solutions as small instantons on a three-sphere with the radius at infinity,which correspond to collapsing bulk bubbles leading to big-crunch singularities.

Constrained instanton and black hole creation

A gravitational instanton is considered as the seed for the creation of a universe. However, there exist too few instantons. To include many interesting phenomena in the framework of quantum cosmology, the concept of constrained gravitational instanton is inevitable. In this paper we show how a primordial black hole is created from a constrained instanton. The quantum creation of a generic black hole in the closed or open background is completely resolved. The relation of the creation scenario with gravitational thermodynamics and topology is discussed.

Entropy and equilibrium property of QCD-instanton induced final state in deep-inelastic scattering

The scaling and additivity properties of Rényi entropy in rapidity space of the instanton final state （IFS） and current jet identified by the r-sorting method from the QCDINS Monte Carlo event sample are studied. Asymptotic scaling of the Rényi entropy H2 is observed for the IFS while H2 for the current jet jtends to saturation with decreasing phase space scale. Furthermore, it is found that the additivity of H2 holds well for the IFS in narrow rapidity windows at different positions. These results indicate that the IFS produced in the instanton-induced process of deep inelastic scattering has reached local equilibrium.

Testing B-violating signatures from exotic instantons in future colliders

We discuss possible implications of exotic stringy instantons for baryon-violating signatures in future colliders. In particular, we discuss high-energy quark collisions and A- transitions. In principle, the A-A process can be probed by high-luminosity electron-positron colliders. However, we find that an extremely high luminosity is needed in order to provide a （somewhat） stringent bound compared to the current data on NN→ππ,KK. On the other hand, （exotic） instanton-induced six-quark interactions can be tested in near future high-energy colliders beyond LHC, at energies around 20-100 TeV. The Super proton-proton Collider （SppC） would be capable of such measurement given the proposed energy level of 50-90 TeV. Comparison with other channels is made. In particular, we show the compatibility of our model with neutron-antineutron and NN→ππ, KK bounds.

Smoothness on Bubble Tree Compactified Instanton Moduli Spaces

The bubble tree compactified instanton moduli space -Mκ （X） is introduced. Its singularity set Singκ（X） is described. By the standard gluing theory, one can show that- Mκ（X） - Singκ（X） is a topological orbifold. In this paper, we give an argument to construct smooth structures on it.

Drinfeld-Manin instanton and its noncommutative generalization

The Drinfeld-Manin construction of U（N） instanton is reformulated in the ADHM formulism, which gives explicit general solutions of the ADHM constraints for U（N） （N ≥ 2k - 1） k-instantons. For the N 〈 2k - 1 case, implicit results are given systematically as further constraints. We find that this formulism can easily be generalized to the noncommutative case, where the explicit solutions are also obtained.

Exact construction of noncommutative instantons

We discuss the Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin （ADHM） construc- tion of U（N） instantons in noncommutative （NC） space and give some exact instanton solutions for various noncommutative settings. We also present a new formula which is crucial to show an origin of the instanton number for U（1） and to prove the one-to-one correspondence between moduli spaces of the noncommutative instantons and the ADHM data.

Instanton effects on the heavy-quark static potential

We investigate instanton effects on the heavy-quark potential, including its spin-dependent part, based on the instanton liquid model. Starting with the central potential derived from the instanton vacuum, we obtain the spin-dependent part of the heavy-quark potential. We discuss the results of the heavy-quark potential from the instanton vacuum. Finally, we solve the nonrelativistic two-body problem, associated with the heavy-quark potential from the instanton vacuum. The instanton effects on the quarkonia spectra are marginal but are required for quantitative description of the spectra.

Effects of QCD Vacuum and the Instanton Induced-Contributions to the Nucleon Structure Functions

The instanton induced cross section in deep inelastic kinematics is a subject which people are tendentious to investigate it. Instanton induced contributions are well defined for the nucleon structure function. The non-perturbative contribution to the quark distributions of structure function, F2 (x, Q2 ), is considered within an instanton model for the QCD vacuum. We find that the structure function may possess numerically large non-perterbative contributions which are related to the violation of chirality and correspond to the correction of parton distribution of the leading twist. It is shown that the instantons give a negative contribution to the structure function at the NLO approximation. A comparison between our results, considering instantaon effect, and the case when we do not take this effect is done. Taking into account the instanton size, ρ, via the modified running coupling constant we get to a good agreement between our results at the NLO and NNLO approximations and the available experimental data, specially at the low values of the Bjorken variable x<0.1 which confirms the validity of our calculations.

Seiberg-Witten/Whitham Equations and Instanton Corrections in Ν = 2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory

We obtain the instanton correction recursion relations for the low energy effective prepotential in pure Ν = 2SU(n) supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge theory from Whitham hierarchy and Seiberg-Witten/Whitham equations. These formulae provide us a powerful tool to calculate arbitrary order instanton corrections coefficients from the perturbative contributions of the effective prepotential in Seiberg-Witten gauge theory. We apply this idea to evaluate one-and two-order instanton corrections coefficients explicitly in SU(n) case in detail through the dynamical scale parameter expressed in terms of Riemann's theta-function.

S30432钢连铸和模铸管坯的高温加工性能对比

利用Gleeble热模拟试验机,完成了同炉冶炼的S30432钢连铸和模铸工艺生产的管坯在高温下的拉伸热变形过程,设置了1000、1050、1100、1150℃系列温度和0.1、1、5 s^(-1)应变速率的不同热模拟试验条件,获得了同炉冶炼的S30432钢连铸和模铸工艺生产的管坯在各个高温拉伸条件下的高温应力-应变曲线,并对其进行修正和拟合,使其尽可能符合实际试验情况。对同炉冶炼的S30432钢连铸管坯和模铸管坯的热变形本构方程进行了拟合,并对2种工艺管坯的高温热塑性差异进行对比分析。结果表明,连铸管坯和模铸管坯的热塑性在不同拉伸温度和速率下表现出一定规律性,连铸管坯的热塑性存在较大的波动,且整体上略逊于模铸管坯,为改进优化管坯的穿孔工艺提供了参考。通过扫描电镜对高温拉伸断口的微观组织结构进行表征,发现高温拉伸失效形式为塑性断裂,绝大部分断口形貌属于韧窝断口。然而,在特定条件下,部分连铸管坯试样表现出较差的热塑性,其断裂形式转变为脆性断裂。对于S30432钢连铸管坯的高温塑性加工,建议使用较高的应变速率和较高的应变温度以获得良好的加工性能。

Stabilization and Consistency for Subtracted and Unsubtracted QCD Sum Rules for 0^＋＋ Scalar Glueball

Based on a semi-classical expansion for quantum chromodynamics in the instanton liquid background, the correlation function of the 0^＋＋ scalar glueball current is calculated. Besides the pure classical and quantum contributions, the contributions arising from the interactions between the classical instanton fields and quantum gluon ones come into play. It turns out that the latter contributions have a great role not only in making the stabilization of the subtracted and unsubtracted Laplace-transformed QCD sum rules for 0^＋＋ scalar glueball, but also in bring back the consistency between the two related sum rules, or equivalently between the QCD asymptotic expression and low energy theorem. The result for the scalar glueball mass is predicted to be mG= 1.35 GeV.

假真空的衰变

本文讨论假真空的衰变．用单粒子量子体系推导由量子效应引起的假真空衰变率的计算公式．推广到量子场论之后，给出了假真空衰变的一个半经典图像，结果十分类似于热力学体系亚稳态的衰变．