Institutional arrangement and typology of community forests of Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland of North-East India

Most community forests in hill regions of northeast India have been managed by traditional local institutions for centuries and most of these institutions remain functional even today. Higher forest coverage on private and community lands as compared to government land indicates that traditional institutions effectively manage community forests in the region. The present study was conducted through a survey of literature and field work using participatory research tools viz., PRA exercises, group discussions and questionnaire interviews with key informants in northeast India. We categorized the institutions involved in conservation and management of forests into three major types： traditional, quasi-traditional and modern. Traditional institutions with hierarchal structure were found in all states and are intact and functional in the state of Meghalaya. Quasi-traditional institutions, a blend of traditional and modern institutions were prevalent in Nagaland while modern institutions have almost replaced traditional institutions in Mizoram. We recorded at least eleven types of community forests viz., group of village forest, village forest, restricted forest, sacred forest, clan forest, cemetery forest, regeneration forest, bamboo forest, recreation forest, village reserved forest and medicinal plantation in villages of three states. The tribal people, through long-term trial and error experiments, have developed an elaborate, functional and generally democratic system of conservation and management of forests and associated natural ecosystems. Several forest and natural resource management lessons can be learnt from the institutional structure and decision making system of the evolving and dynamic institutions of tribal communities of the region.

Institutional Arrangement to Improve Farmers' Enthusiasm

On the basis of summarizing theories related to public goods,with the aid of trend curve of China's annual grain yield from 1978 to 2010,in combination with grain policies at that time,empirical analysis is carried out on institution as key factor influencing the farmers' enthusiasm,showing that there is highly positive correlation between institutional change and grain production.In order to raise farmers' production enthusiasm and ensure the national grain security,this paper puts forward appropriate countermeasure systems from the point of view of innovating grain production policies.The countermeasure systems include:firstly,innovate agricultural operation institution;secondly,improve agricultural personnel cultivation mechanism;thirdly,complete financial investment system;fourthly,set up grain security protection system;and finally,build risk support system.

Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Rough Risers with Coupling Interference Effect Under Side-by-Side Arrangement

A vortex-induced vibration(VIV)experiment of rough risers with coupling interference effect under a side-by-side arrangement was carried out in a wave-current combined flume.The roughness of the riser was characterized by arranging different specifications of surface attachments on the surface of the riser.Rough risers with three different roughnesses were arranged side by side with smooth risers to explore the VIV response of the riser under the combined action of roughness and interference effect,and to reveal the coupling mechanism between roughness and interference effect.The experimental results show that,compared with that of a smooth riser,the VIV of a rough riser under the coupling interference effect has a wider"lock-in"region,and the displacement decreases more significantly at a high reduced velocity,which is more likely to excite higher-order modes and frequency responses.In addition,the displacement response and frequency response of the smooth riser are not significantly affected by wake interference from the rough riser,which is caused by the decrease of the wake region due to the delay of the boundary layer separation point of the rough riser.

Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Rough Risers Coupling with Interference Effect in Tandem Arrangement

In order to study the response law of vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers under the combined action of roughness and interference effects,and to reveal the coupling mechanism of roughness and interference effects on the riser,a VIV experiment of rough risers in tandem arrangement was conducted in a wave−current combined flume.The experiment characterized the risers’roughness by arranging different specifications of attachments on the surface of the risers.Three rough risers with different roughness and smooth risers were arranged in tandem arrangement,with the rough risers arranged downstream.The experimental results indicate that the suppression of the attachments on the downstream risers’vibration are more significant both in the CF and IL directions as the reduced velocity increases.For the downstream riser,the amplitude response of rough riser is more significantly weakened compared with the smooth one at high reduced velocity.For the upstream risers,changes in the roughness and spacing ratio have an impact on their‘lock-in’region.When the roughness of downstream risers is relatively large(0.1300)and the spacing between risers is small(S/D=4.0),the reduced velocity range of‘lock-in’region in the CF direction of upstream risers is obviously expanded,and the displacement in the‘lock-in’region is severer.

Interaction Mechanisms between Natural Debris Flow and Rigid Barrier Deflectors:A New Perspective for Rational Design and Optimal Arrangement

Rigid barrier deflectors can effectively prevent overspilling landslides,and can satisfy disaster prevention requirements.However,the mechanisms of interaction between natural granular flow and rigid barrier deflectors require further investigation.To date,few studies have investigated the impact of deflectors on controlling viscous debris flows for geological disaster prevention.To investigate the effect of rigid barrier deflectors on impact mechanisms,a numerical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method with the Herschel–Bulkley model is proposed to simulate the interaction between natural viscous flow and single/dual barriers with and without deflectors.This model was validated using laboratory flume test data from the literature.Then,the model was used to investigate the influence of the deflector angle and multi-barrier arrangements.The optimal configuration of multi-barriers was analyzed with consideration to the barrier height and distance between the barriers,because these metrics have a significant impact on the viscous flow pile-up,run-up,and overflow mechanisms.The investigation considered the energy dissipation process,retention efficiency,and dead-zone formation.Compared with bare barriers with similar geometric characteristics and spatial distribution,rigid barriers with deflectors exhibit superior effectiveness in preventing the overflow and overspilling of viscous debris flow.Recommendations for the rational design of deflectors and the optimal arrangement of multi-barriers are provided to mitigate geological disasters.

Can We Manage Coastal Area? Will We?——The Institutional Change of the Coastal Area Management of Taiwan

The Coastal Zone Management Act was finally promulgated in 2015,while Ministry of the Interior was asked to draft a coastal management act in 1991 by Executive Yuan.It was until the government’s lifting of martial law in 1987,vigorous activities started prevailing on coastal areas.And relevant legal documents were on sea reclamation for development in the 1980’s by Council of Agriculture.The approval of“Taiwan Coastal Area Natural Environment Protection Plan”showed an era of environmental protection in 1980s.However,it was surely not market driven,similar to land development,but some efforts by the administration systems.Through all the years,the efforts were put on drafting plans and these efforts were not quite sounding.The coastal disasters and further climate change caught the attention of relevant NGOs,scholars,politicians,and the society.At the critical juncture the government was made to react to outside demands.And then the Coastal Zone Management Act was passed by Legislative Yuan,establishing an integrated coastal management system in Taiwan.As such,it is proposed to look into this long process of the attempt with the concept of institutional change in order to understand this coastal environmental preservation and protection issue in a broader scope.

The Application of Piano in Chinese Pop Music Arrangements

By exploring the application of piano in Chinese pop music arrangements,this article aims to enhance the understanding of the position of piano in pop music and provide useful insights and references for the future development of Chinese pop music.Starting from the unique position of piano in Chinese pop music arrangements,the article analyses in detail the specific applications of piano in Chinese pop music arrangements.The analysis finds that the piano has been deeply integrated into the bloodline of Chinese popular music and become an indispensable part.From simple melodic embellishments to complex arrangement ideas,the piano has injected endless vitality and vigor into popular music with its unique timbre and expressive power.

Research on the Impact of China’s Foreign Trade Technology Spillover on Green Total Factor Productivity of Countries Along the“Belt and Road”:Based on the Institutional Quality Threshold Effect

China’s growing trade with countries along the“Belt and Road”Initiative is accompanied by a focus on green development.Based on the panel data from 2007 to 2018,this paper establishes a threshold regression model to empirically analyze the institutional quality threshold effect of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the GTFP of countries along the“Belt and Road.”The results show that China’s foreign trade technology spillover has a significant institutional quality double threshold effect on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road.”As the institutional quality of the countries along the“Belt and Road”crosses a specific threshold value,the impact of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road”has a significant positive promoting effect,and corresponding suggestions are put forward.

Influence of Fruit Tree Types and Arrangements on Yield, Quality and Economic Returns of Cotton of Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang

[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropped cotton in southern Xinjiang. [Method] Based on major cropping pattern in production, randomized block design was adopted to explore growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber quality in key growth stage. [Result] Shading has a significant effect on cotton canopy micro-environment and canopy diameter is proportional to shading effect. According to comparisons of the same tree type, the change of canopy micro-environment was as follows： under canopyouter canopymiddle points and peachpearapplewalnutjujube for comparisons among different tree types. Canopy diameter is directly proportional to the number of tree branch and boll weight reductions and shading is the main cause of yield reduction. The canopy expansion is the major cause of decline of light intensity, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. [Conclusion] Fruit trees, which will promote cotton yield,quality and canopy-environment, are as follows： jujube walnut apple pear peach trees. In practice, trees, which are small in canopy or well trimmed, are popular in production, such as jujube trees, to improve cotton yield and fiber quality.

聚集学术机构知识的中心机构库(Institutional Repository)探析

本文首先介绍了机构库的定义及产生的原因,阐述了机构库的特点及国内外相关项目,然后从知识产权保护、经费管理、质量控制等方面论述了机构库存在的问题,最后分析了图书馆应如何面对机构库带来的机遇与挑战。

Classification and Nomenclature of Plant Metallothionein-like Proteins Based on Their Cysteine Arrangement Patterns

随着植物基因组研究的进展 ,在基因文库和蛋白文库登录的植物类金属硫蛋白基因已超过 5 0个 ,接近金属硫蛋白总数的 1/ 3,而且有不断上升的趋势。鉴于目前植物类金属硫蛋白命名与分类随意性太大 ,很有必要建立一个统一合理的命名与分类法。对植物类金属硫蛋白一级结构进行详细分析后 ,发现该蛋白两端富含半胱氨酸的区域内半胱氨酸的排列方式颇具规律性 ,进而提出了以半胱氨酸排列方式为基础的分类及命名法 ,并阐述了采用这种方法的理由及其可行性。

Restraints and Countermeasures for the Sustainable Development of China's Modern Flower Arrangement Art

Factors that influence the development of China's modern flower arrangement art are analyzed in this study,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the future development.

The Structural Transformation of Nucleolar DNA and Its Arrangement in Nucleolus of Allium cepa Cells

By using the DNA specific cytochemical staining method (NAMA_Ur) and conventional electron microscopic technique, the authors examined the configuration of intranucleolar DNA in Allium cepa L. cells and found that nucleolar DNA within the fibrillar center (FC) underwent a structural transformation process from condensed to extended state. The authors' observations also displayed a continuous arrangement process of nucleolar DNA, i.e., the extranucleolar DNA entered FC through the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) channel, then extended to the periphery of FC or to the border between FC and dense fibrillar component (DFC), and distributed along the periphery of FC. Thence, by passing through the NOR channel between FCs, the nucleolar DNA continued to transfer to other FCs and arranged in the same above_mentioned forms.

养老机构老年人跌倒风险综合评估工具的研制与检验

背景我国自1999年宣布进入老龄化社会以来,人口老龄化程度日益严重,养老机构成为老年人养老热门选择,但跌倒问题频发且现有评估工具效果不佳。目的研制养老机构老年人跌倒风险综合评估工具并检验其信效度。方法2021年3—12月,通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈、2轮专家函询及预调查,形成量表初始条目,并在养老机构随机选择老年人和养老护理员进行调查。采用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 26.0软件进行信效度分析和评价,采用相关系数法、临界比值法、内部一致性分析及探索性因素分析进行条目分析和筛选,选用内在信度、分半信度、评定者间信度和同质性信度检验评估工具的信度,选用表面效度、内容效度、效标关联效度、结构效度和区分效度检验评估工具的效度,采用受试者工作特征曲线检验评估工具的预测能力。结果构建的评估工具包括3个子工具:(1)老年人跌倒风险评估量表;(2)老年人跌倒史风险追踪调查表;(3)老年人跌倒风险每日检查清单。老年人跌倒风险评估量表总Cronbach'sα系数为0.73,评定者间系数为0.85;探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,累识方差贡献率为57.95%;验证性因子模型拟合度参数中的卡方自由度比值(χ^(2)/df)、拟合优度指数(GFI)、调整后拟合优度指数(AGFI)、基于标准化适度指标(NFI)、比较拟合指数(CFI)、Tucker-Lewis系数(TLI)、近似误差均方根(RMSEA)分别为2.43、0.95、0.91、0.89、0.93、0.91、0.07,区分效度经验证存在统计学意义(P<0.001)。预测能力分析结果显示,以Morse跌倒评估表(MFS)≥55分为标准时,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.87;以MFS≤25分为标准时,AUC为0.84。老年人跌倒史风险追踪调查表和老年人跌倒风险每日检查清单经专家和养老护理员的评价后,形成最终版本。结论本研究开发养老机构老年人跌倒风险综合评估工具,包含3个子量表,三者间相辅相成,完善养老机构从评估到预防的全路径,具有良好的信效度和预测能力,可为日后我国养老机构跌倒预防及管理提供参考。

Research on Arrangement of Urban Garden Plants in the Perspective of Ecological Adaptability

With the increasing deterioration of urban environment, strengthening construction of garden green land was one of the effective ways to ameliorate urban environment. However, as designers only focused on the landscape effect of garden plant arrangement and neglected the relationship between plants and natural environment, it resulted in poor growth of some plant community even the disappearance of some communities. Therefore, good landscaping effect could be achieved only when garden layout requirement was considered and suitable cultivation environment was selected based on plants ecological feature, giving full play to its landscaping and ecological function. The study discussed the arrangement of garden plants mainly in the perspective of temperature, light, water, atmosphere and soil environmental factors which were suitable for garden plants, so as to realize the high unity of scientificity and artistry garden plants arrangement, provide a save, comfortable and healthy living and working environment for residents, achieve virtuous cycling development of urban ecological system and promote sustainable development of the city.

A Comparative Analysis of Casual Conversation and Institutional Talk

This article reflects on the process of transcribing spoken interaction and makes a comparative analysis of two different varieties of spoken interaction(casual conver- sation and institutional talk). By doing so, it reveals how the different purposes of speech result in their distinctive characteristics, and shows how language is struc- tured to construct ideational meanings(Field) and interpersonal meanings(Tenor) that define each context.

改革年代下民营经济的扩张与市场的生成——评Capitalism from Below:Markets and Institutional Change in China

中国的经济改革与市场从何而来?思考这一问题无疑可以帮助我们更好地厘清改革开放以来中国经济高速发展的潜在机制。倪志伟与欧索菲的研究观点明确:自上而下的'国家中心论'对这一问题的解释力度十分有限,而经济制度的内生性演化以及内嵌于制度之中的社会规范与社会网络机制才是解题的关键。利用详实的问卷分析与深入访谈,作者发现,社会互动和社会规范在民营企业发展与市场形成的多个层面起到了重要作用,包括企业创立、信贷融资、招工用工、组织变革、产业集群以及技术创新等。同时,面对政治资本这一竞争性解释,作者的分析也表明,拥有政治关联与支持的企业并非拥有竞争优势。该研究的理论框架、实证分析以及所拓展的思想领域,无疑会使其成为相关领域的重要参考。当然,该研究并非没有值得商榷之处。在最后一部分,本文对该研究的分析思路、与现实和现有发现的冲突以及解释边界等问题进行了讨论。

机构知识库(Institutional Repository)及其案例研究

阐述了机构知识库的基本理论,对典型的机构知识库系统DSpace进行了分析,阐述了DSpace的体系结构、数字资源的提交及查找等方面的情况,以期对国内机构知识库的建设有所裨益。

基于改进两步移动搜索法的南京市养老机构空间可达性研究

空间可达性是评价一个城市养老服务设施配置科学性的关键指标之一,精准衡量城市养老机构的空间异质性、合理规划养老公共空间,是实现城市稳定健康发展的重要保障。以南京市为例,基于多源数据构建随机森林模型将南京市2022年常住人口格网化,结合改进的两步移动搜索法进行养老服务设施的可达性分级测算,通过构建养老机构空间自相关探究其空间分异特征。结果表明:南京市养老机构空间可达性整体较好,但区域配置差异明显;主城区和副中心城区的可达性高,城乡结合部和边缘农村区域可达性较差。