Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

Can We Manage Coastal Area? Will We?——The Institutional Change of the Coastal Area Management of Taiwan

The Coastal Zone Management Act was finally promulgated in 2015,while Ministry of the Interior was asked to draft a coastal management act in 1991 by Executive Yuan.It was until the government’s lifting of martial law in 1987,vigorous activities started prevailing on coastal areas.And relevant legal documents were on sea reclamation for development in the 1980’s by Council of Agriculture.The approval of“Taiwan Coastal Area Natural Environment Protection Plan”showed an era of environmental protection in 1980s.However,it was surely not market driven,similar to land development,but some efforts by the administration systems.Through all the years,the efforts were put on drafting plans and these efforts were not quite sounding.The coastal disasters and further climate change caught the attention of relevant NGOs,scholars,politicians,and the society.At the critical juncture the government was made to react to outside demands.And then the Coastal Zone Management Act was passed by Legislative Yuan,establishing an integrated coastal management system in Taiwan.As such,it is proposed to look into this long process of the attempt with the concept of institutional change in order to understand this coastal environmental preservation and protection issue in a broader scope.

Research on the Impact of China’s Foreign Trade Technology Spillover on Green Total Factor Productivity of Countries Along the“Belt and Road”:Based on the Institutional Quality Threshold Effect

China’s growing trade with countries along the“Belt and Road”Initiative is accompanied by a focus on green development.Based on the panel data from 2007 to 2018,this paper establishes a threshold regression model to empirically analyze the institutional quality threshold effect of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the GTFP of countries along the“Belt and Road.”The results show that China’s foreign trade technology spillover has a significant institutional quality double threshold effect on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road.”As the institutional quality of the countries along the“Belt and Road”crosses a specific threshold value,the impact of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road”has a significant positive promoting effect,and corresponding suggestions are put forward.

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

An Extensive Study and Review of Privacy Preservation Models for the Multi-Institutional Data

The deep learning models hold considerable potential for clinical applications, but there are many challenges to successfully training deep learning models. Large-scale data collection is required, which is frequently only possible through multi-institutional cooperation. Building large central repositories is one strategy for multi-institution studies. However, this is hampered by issues regarding data sharing, including patient privacy, data de-identification, regulation, intellectual property, and data storage. These difficulties have lessened the impracticality of central data storage. In this survey, we will look at 24 research publications that concentrate on machine learning approaches linked to privacy preservation techniques for multi-institutional data, highlighting the multiple shortcomings of the existing methodologies. Researching different approaches will be made simpler in this case based on a number of factors, such as performance measures, year of publication and journals, achievements of the strategies in numerical assessments, and other factors. A technique analysis that considers the benefits and drawbacks of the strategies is additionally provided. The article also looks at some potential areas for future research as well as the challenges associated with increasing the accuracy of privacy protection techniques. The comparative evaluation of the approaches offers a thorough justification for the research’s purpose.

Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

机构投资者网络团体如何影响企业ESG表现?

近年来,证券市场中的机构投资者扮演着越来越重要的角色,它们可能通过共同持股关系形成网络团体,采取一致行动。基于中国2010—2020年A股上市公司数据,构建了机构投资者网络团体,结合社会网络理论与代理理论,探究网络团体持股对企业ESG表现的影响。研究结果表明:网络团体持股可以有效提升企业ESG表现;网络团体持股能够缓解2类代理问题,通过提升信息透明度以及抑制大股东私利促进了企业ESG表现;在缓解了内生性问题,并进行了稳健性检验后,网络团体持股提升企业ESG表现的结论仍成立。进一步研究的结果表明,网络团体的特征会影响企业的ESG表现,即团体数量更多、规模越大、背景越丰富,持股越稳定,相对力量越强,企业ESG表现越好。研究结论既丰富了机构投资者网络团体的后果研究和企业ESG表现影响因素的研究,也为上市公司、机构投资者和政府提供了一定的实践启示。

新型研发机构赋能新质生产力的内在逻辑、推进机制与路径研究

新质生产力是符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态,新型研发机构作为高能级创新策源地,不断强化其赋能新质生产力作用对高水平科技自立自强和高质量发展意义重大。从内在逻辑来看,新型研发机构通过科技创新、体制变革、产学研用高度协同有效促进新质生产力的形成与发展。从推进机制来看,建立共赢的多元投入机制、高效的决策机制、与需求相匹配的创新服务供给机制、有利于人才发展的引聚育留机制和收益分配与绩效考核激励机制是新型研发机构赋能新质生产力的关键。从实施路径来看,明确新型研发机构功能定位、完善人才培养体系、提升数字和绿色关键技术创新能力、创新组织管理方式、加大政策支持力度是新型研发机构赋能新质生产力的必然选择。

专利计量视域下医疗与健康保险机构间数据交互技术探析

目的/意义探析相关专利技术,为医疗与商业健康保险机构打通数据交互堵点、建构多层次医疗保障体系提供经验借鉴。方法/过程采用专利计量方法,围绕相关专利技术的时间趋势、地域分布、类别分布、文本聚类4方面分析医疗与健康保险机构之间的数据交互专利技术。结果/结论中国应重视数据交互在医疗与健康保险机构深化合作中的作用,增进高质量专利的申报、授权、运用和保护,重视跨界融合与技术驱动,创新专利布局以顺应技术发展和社会需求等。

全国妇幼保健机构医院感染监测与防控实施现状调查报告

目的 了解全国各级妇幼保健机构医院感染监测和防控措施的实施现状,为优化妇幼保健机构医院感染防控工作提供政策依据。方法 从8个省/自治区的省部级、地市级和区县级妇幼保健机构中分层抽样,设计统一的调查问卷,以“问卷星”的形式开展线上调查。结果 123所妇幼保健机构的数据纳入统计分析。90.24%的妇幼保健机构开展了医院感染综合性监测,开展新生儿监护室医院感染目标性监测、手术部位感染目标性监测、多重耐药菌目标性监测和重症监护病房(非新生儿)医院感染目标性监测的妇幼保健机构比率分别为89.66%、85.96%、80.77%和74.19%,51.22%的妇幼保健机构实现了医院感染病例信息化监测。94.31%的妇幼保健机构开展了手卫生依从性监测工作,90%以上的妇幼保健机构中医院感染高风险部门开展了环境卫生学监测,71.54%的妇幼保健机构由消毒供应中心对复用诊疗器械集中清洗、消毒、灭菌和供应。>90%的妇幼保健机构建立了三级预检分诊制度,86.18%的妇幼保健机构设置了过渡病房。妇幼保健机构对建档孕产妇、高危新生儿、保健人群和长期康复患者等特殊就诊人群普遍采取了建立有效沟通机制、全预约就诊和单独分区就诊的管理模式,但开展互联网复诊的妇幼保健机构比率<50%。结论 妇幼保健机构普遍开展了医院感染综合性监测和目标性监测,信息化监测程度有待提高。手卫生和环境卫生学监测在各级妇幼保健机构中普及程度较高,少数妇幼保健机构复用诊疗器械清洗、消毒、灭菌和供应流程不规范。特殊就诊人群得到有效管理,互联网医疗有待进一步推广。

我国24家检验检测机构洁净环境照度检测能力验证

目的评价我国检验检测机构对洁净环境照度的检测能力。方法回顾性分析中国食品药品检定研究院于2022年在全国范围内首次设计并组织实施的洁净环境照度能力验证项目。基于洁净环境检测的行业特点,该项目分为笔试和实际操作(简称实操)两部分。笔试部分,共3题(限时40 min完成),考察参加测试(简称参测)实验室对检测标准正确理解和掌握的程度,根据专家商议确定的评分标准评分(满分50分)。实操部分,以该院药用辅料和包装材料检定所的2台洁净工作台为现场考核样品,以参测实验室的现场测试结果考察参测实验室的仪器操作和实验水平(限时5 min完成),以Z值进行评价(︱Z︱≤2,>2~<3,≥3分别为满意、有问题、不满意)并打分(满分50分)。以笔试和实操评分之和评价参测实验室的检测能力(≥60分为合格)。结果共24家实验室参加了能力验证并按要求提交了结果报告。笔试,评分为45~50分,满分21家(87.50%)。实操,样品A,满意21家(87.50%),有问题3家(12.50%);样品B,满意23家(95.83%),有问题1家(4.17%),2个样品均无不满意的实验室。24家实验室总评分均合格。结论该次能力验证结果显示,各实验室的检测能力维持良好,但部分实验室存在对标准的理解和掌握仍有欠缺或未按校准周期对照度计进行计量等问题,建议检测人员加深对洁净环境检测标准的理解,相应机构重视仪器的校准,持续提高检测能力。

医疗机构麻醉、第一类精神药品信息化管理模式探讨

麻醉、第一类精神药品是我国依法依规实行特殊管理的药品,是医疗机构药事管理工作的重点内容。由于其特殊性,我国医疗机构内麻醉、第一类精神药品管理主要以人工操作为主,智能化程度不高。随着医疗信息化的发展,传统管理模式已不足以满足现在医疗机构对麻醉、第一类精神药品的管理需求。本文通过分析传统管理模式中医疗机构内麻醉、第一类精神药品的管理难点及风险,探讨在医院信息系统下,结合智能化设备,构建麻醉、第一类精神药品智能化信息管理模式的方法及可达到的应用效果,为临床应用提供思路。

数字经济与实体经济融合的制度安排

数字经济与实体经济融合是建设现代化产业体系的现实需要,也是推动实体经济高质量发展的内在要求。然而,数据产权、交易、分配和治理制度不健全、核心技术存在短板、数字技术与传统产业脱节、寡头垄断平台“一家独大”、数字基础设施供求不匹配、数字鸿沟较大为数字经济与实体经济融合带来了现实挑战。数据要素制度、数字技术制度、数字产业制度、数字平台制度、数字基础设施制度可为数字经济与实体经济融合发展提供关键内核、强劲动能、生态体系、中介载体和坚实底座。因此,数字经济与实体经济走向深度融合需要加强相关的制度安排,未来应完善以“数据二十条”为核心的数据要素制度、“卡脖子”技术攻关制度、数字产业融合制度、数字平台治理制度、数字基础设施共投共建共享制度和数字鸿沟弥合制度。

我国本科生全科医学教育教学情况调查研究

背景近年来我国全科医学教育发展迅速,但尚缺乏针对本科生全科医学教育的全面调查。目的了解我国本科生全科医学教学开展现状和发展趋势。方法于2019年12月,向我国开设临床医学专业的高校的教务处发放调查问卷(n=189),问卷内容包括各高校的全科医学教学机构设置、师资及课程设置情况,于2020年6月回收问卷。为比较不同类型院校本科生全科医学教学情况的差异,将高校分为综合院校、单科院校(医学院或药学院)、中医院校、独立办学院校4类进行分析。结果共回收有效问卷175份,应答率为92.6%。2019年,设立本科生全科医学教学机构的高校有150所(85.7%);全国高校共有全科师资3371名,其中59.8%(2016/3371)在附属医院全科医学科工作;142所(81.1%)开设了全科医学选修课或必修课;68所(38.9%)高校开设了全科医学在社区卫生服务中心的毕业实习;22所(12.6%)高校开设了综合医院全科医学科毕业实习。在4类高校中,综合院校和单科院校附属医院设置全科医学科的比例均>90.0%,中医院校的设置比例为70.0%(7/10),独立办学院校的设置比例仅为63.3%(19/30);独立办学院校开设全科医学选修课或必修课的比例为60.0%(18/30),其他3类院校的开设比例均≥80.0%;单科院校开展社区卫生服务中心毕业实习的比例较高(61.2%,30/49),其次为综合院校(36.0%,31/86),独立办学院校和中医院校的开展比例≤20.0%;综合院校和单科院校开展综合医院全科医学科毕业实习的比例>10.0%,独立办学院校的开展比例为6.7%(2/30)。结论近年来我国本科生全科医学教育发展较为迅速,但仍然存在较多问题,如全科医学本科教育开展不普及、发展不均衡,非社区师资缺乏基层实践经历,教学方法和评价方式简单等。今后仍需要进一步提高发展的普及性和均衡性,并加强师资培训,丰富教学方法和评价手段。

高等职业院校在线开放课程建设的路径研究

分析高等职业院校在线开放课程建设背景及意义,从课程设计、教学实施、教学评价三个方面提出了在线课程的建设原则。从课程内容的更新和优化、教师团队的培养和培训、学习者的体验和反馈为课程建设等角度提出了建设思路。以哈尔滨职业技术学院在线课程建设的实践经验为例,提出五个实践路径:确定课程设置、教材和教学资源选择、教学活动设计、课程平台建设、课程推广和营销,为高等职业院校教师的在线开放课程提供有益参考。

制度视角下全面从严治党的体系、逻辑与效能

深入推进全面从严治党是党的建设新的伟大工程的重要内容,也是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重大战略部署。制度建设是全面从严治党的关键,不仅贯穿始终,而且具有基础性和根本性。从制度视角分析,在全面从严治党体系中,由结构与功能不同的各项制度组成的全面从严治党制度体系,蕴含着全面从严治党所内含的体现在价值、规范与执行三个维度上的制度逻辑,其效能在于实现了党的价值原则与政治实践的有机统一,构建起以党的长期执政为核心的国家秩序,并为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供了内在驱动力。

国家建构视角下基层负担过重的结构性困境:理论与个案分析

基层政府负担过重问题近年来引发了政策界和学界的高度关注,现有文献从科层体制、形式主义、基层治理能力等方面展开研究。我们需在此基础上进一步将基层政府负担问题置于历史变迁背景之下,从国家权力下沉及其背后的国家建构策略的变迁视角出发,重新反思这一问题。通过对L镇机构改革及其实际效果的深度个案分析,本文发现这一旨在强化乡镇政府能力、减轻其负担的改革却未能有效强化乡镇政府能力反而加重了其负担。究其原因,在于机构改革本身存在放责多于放权、乡镇无力承接放权以及运动式治理削弱专业化治理,以及村两委自治能力不足等。本文结合制度漂移理论进一步分析了其背后机理,并探讨了其对国家建构微观策略的理论意涵。

机构投资者持股会助推企业“漂绿”吗--基于重污染企业社会责任报告披露的实证研究

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