Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

STRONGLY CONVERGENT INERTIAL FORWARD-BACKWARD-FORWARD ALGORITHM WITHOUT ON-LINE RULE FOR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

This paper studies a strongly convergent inertial forward-backward-forward algorithm for the variational inequality problem in Hilbert spaces.In our convergence analysis,we do not assume the on-line rule of the inertial parameters and the iterates,which have been assumed by several authors whenever a strongly convergent algorithm with an inertial extrapolation step is proposed for a variational inequality problem.Consequently,our proof arguments are different from what is obtainable in the relevant literature.Finally,we give numerical tests to confirm the theoretical analysis and show that our proposed algorithm is superior to related ones in the literature.

Can We Manage Coastal Area? Will We?——The Institutional Change of the Coastal Area Management of Taiwan

The Coastal Zone Management Act was finally promulgated in 2015,while Ministry of the Interior was asked to draft a coastal management act in 1991 by Executive Yuan.It was until the government’s lifting of martial law in 1987,vigorous activities started prevailing on coastal areas.And relevant legal documents were on sea reclamation for development in the 1980’s by Council of Agriculture.The approval of“Taiwan Coastal Area Natural Environment Protection Plan”showed an era of environmental protection in 1980s.However,it was surely not market driven,similar to land development,but some efforts by the administration systems.Through all the years,the efforts were put on drafting plans and these efforts were not quite sounding.The coastal disasters and further climate change caught the attention of relevant NGOs,scholars,politicians,and the society.At the critical juncture the government was made to react to outside demands.And then the Coastal Zone Management Act was passed by Legislative Yuan,establishing an integrated coastal management system in Taiwan.As such,it is proposed to look into this long process of the attempt with the concept of institutional change in order to understand this coastal environmental preservation and protection issue in a broader scope.

Research on the Impact of China’s Foreign Trade Technology Spillover on Green Total Factor Productivity of Countries Along the“Belt and Road”:Based on the Institutional Quality Threshold Effect

China’s growing trade with countries along the“Belt and Road”Initiative is accompanied by a focus on green development.Based on the panel data from 2007 to 2018,this paper establishes a threshold regression model to empirically analyze the institutional quality threshold effect of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the GTFP of countries along the“Belt and Road.”The results show that China’s foreign trade technology spillover has a significant institutional quality double threshold effect on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road.”As the institutional quality of the countries along the“Belt and Road”crosses a specific threshold value,the impact of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road”has a significant positive promoting effect,and corresponding suggestions are put forward.

Multi-Sensor Intelligent System for On-Line and Real-Time Moneitoring Tool Cutting State in FMS

The principle and the constitution of an intelligent system for on-line and real-time montitoring tool cutting state were discussed and a synthetic sensors schedule combined a new type fluid acoustic emission sensor (AE) with motor current sensor was presented. The parallel communication between control system of machine tools, the monitoring intelligent system,and several decision-making systems for identifying tool cutting state was established It can auto - matically select the sensor way ,monitoring mode and identifying method in machining process- ing so as to build a successful and effective intelligent system for on -line and real-time moni- toring cutting tool states in FMS.

聚集学术机构知识的中心机构库(Institutional Repository)探析

本文首先介绍了机构库的定义及产生的原因,阐述了机构库的特点及国内外相关项目,然后从知识产权保护、经费管理、质量控制等方面论述了机构库存在的问题,最后分析了图书馆应如何面对机构库带来的机遇与挑战。

On-line血液透析滤过对移植肾功能延迟恢复的影响

目的 研究On -line血液透析滤过 (HDF)在移植肾功能延迟恢复患者中的应用。方法 我院2 0 0 2年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 7月肾移植术后发生移植肾功能延迟恢复患者 38例 ,2 9例采用Freseniuson -lineHDF透析机 ,F6 0透析器 ,透析滤过时间 3～ 4h ,血流量在 180～ 2 5 0ml/min ,置换液采取前稀释法 ,9例行HD治疗 ,采用GambroAK2 0 0透析机 ,F7透析器。结果 38例移植肾功能延迟恢复患者 ,2 9例用联机血液透析滤过 ,平均肾功能恢复时间为 ( 11.2± 5 .6 )天 ,治疗期间收缩压变化在 110～ 170mmHg,透析期间低血压发生率为 2 .6 % ,9例HD治疗者平均肾功能恢复时间为 ( 2 2 .3± 15 .7)天 ,透析期间低血压发生率为 13.2 %。结论 与HD比较 ,On -lineHDF对血压影响较小 ,可缩短移植肾功能恢复的时间。

Development and Application of On-Line Corrosion Monitoring Device for Condenser Tube

This paper introduces the development and industrial application of an on-line corrosion monitoring device for condenser tubes. Corrosion sensors are made up of representative condenser tubes chosen by eddy current test, which enable the monitoring result to be consistent with the corrosion of actual condenser tubes. Localized corrosion rate of condenser tubes can be measured indirectly by a galvanic couple made up of tube segments with and without pits. Using this technology, corrosion problems can be found in time and accurately, and anticorrosive measures be made more economic and effective. Applications in two power plants showed the corrosion measurements are fast and accurate.

平行机的实时到达on-line算法下界的改进

本文考虑了平行机实时到达的在线问题．模型中，工件是陆续到达的，工件的个数、到达时间是事先未知的，而且只有当工件到达，才知其加工时间，目标是使所有工件都加工完的时间达到最小．Ｃｈｅｎ与Ｖｅｓｔｊｅｎｓ（１９９６年）证明了该在线问题不存在性能比小于１．３４７３的ｏｎ－ｌｉｎｅ算法．本文将此界改进为（５－５）／２．

Effects of on-line solution and off-line heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy

The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through on-line solution and off-line aging treatment but decreases after off-line solution treatment. By X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, it is found that the microstructures of the die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy before and after on-line solution and off-line aging are similar, consisting of α-Mg and β-Al12Mg17. The precipitation of Al element is prevented by on-line solution so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases precipitate from supersaturated Mg solid solution after off-line aging treatment, and lead to microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy, so the effect of precipitation hardening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases dissolve in the substructure after off-line solution treatment, which leads to that the grain boundary strengthening phase is reduced significantly and the hardness of die cast AZ91D is reduced.

On-line血液透析滤过对维持性血液透析患者心率变异性的影响

目的探讨On-line血液透析滤过技术对维持性血液透析患者心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法 50例维持性血液透析(MHD)患者随机分为常规血液透析治疗组(HD组)和On-line血液透析滤过治疗组(OL-HDF组),每组各25例。患者每周行3次、每次4 h的血液透析治疗或OL-HDF,治疗24个月。比较两组常规的实验室检查和24h动态心电图监测结果。结果治疗24个月后,OL-HDF组的β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)由基线值30.1±7.2 mg/dl降至21.7±6.1 mg/dl(P<0.05),HD组的β2-MG则无明显下降。OL-HDF组HRV的时域性和频域性指标均值高于基线值(P<0.05),HD组的HRV指标则无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论与普通血液透析比较,OL-HDF能更好地改善MHD患者的HRV,改善自主神经功能。

On-line置换液与生理盐水在血液透析滤过回血中的应用效果比较

[目的]探讨On-line置换液与生理盐水在血液透析滤过(HDF)病人回血中的应用效果,以期为临床护理工作提供理论依据。[方法]选取30例规律HDF病人为研究对象,采用自身对照方法,每例病人每周依次采用On-line置换液和生理盐水回血,比较回血过程中残余血量、静脉壶液体温度、护士的工作量及经济效益。[结果]采用On-line置换液回血法残余血量及回血后静脉壶温度分别为(1.89±0.91)mL,(33.36±0.15)℃,而采用生理盐水法为(2.88±0.23)mL、(27.13±0.14)℃,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);而透析器凝血状况比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.08);采用On-line置换液回血时护士工作量减少,回血液体成本降低。[结论]应用接近生理温度的On-line置换液回血能稀释血液、降低血液黏稠度,减少血路管残余血量,增加病人舒适感,提高工作效率。

On-lineHDF的临床观察及护理

目的 探讨应用On -lineHDF治疗慢性肾衰尿毒症患者的临床效果及护理对策。方法 回顾性分析 15例维持性HD患者应用On -lineHDF的治疗及护理过程。结果 15例患者经每 1～ 2周 1次的On -lineHDF治疗后 ,病情稳定 ,部分患者心功能、血压、食欲、体力及睡眠不同成度得到改善 ,在促红细胞生成素使用量不变的情况下 ,4例病人的血红蛋白有所增加。结论 On -lineHDF是当今最佳的肾脏替代疗法技术之一。

On-Line Monitoring of Cutting Tool Fracture & Wear

A technique of detecting cutting tool fracture and ultimate wear by si- multaneously monitoring both the spindle motor current and cutting process related acoustic emission(AE)in the cutting process is reported.The technique can detect breakage of drills having diameter over 0.8mm,turning cutter crack of area over 0.2mm,and the ultimate wear.The principle,system construction,experimental method and result of the technique are discussed.The ratio of success in detection approaches 96% or higher.

On-line HDF治疗维持性透析患者并发症的护理

对20例维持性透析并发难治性高血压、顽固性瘙痒、不安腿综合征等患者,采用每周2次血液透析+1次on-line HDF,加强观察和护理。患者血压得到良好的控制,皮肤瘙痒得到明显改善,不安腿症状有所好转,贫血、食欲减退、精神和神经症状得到改善,生活质量明显提高。

透析机自产回输液行血液透析滤过On-line HDF的临床研究

目的探讨On-lineHDF的安全性、病人耐受性及临床疗效。方法设置On-lineHDF治疗组(I组)和常规HD对照组(II组),观察治疗前、中、后病人状况,溶质变化和溶质下降率,包括Cr、BUN、β2-MG、PTH、KT/V。结果HDF治疗中、治疗后病人无发热,6例顽固性血压易于控制,5例在HD中易出现低血压症状好转,3例皮肤瘙痒严重者明显好转,HDF组治疗前后Cr,β2-MG,PTH显著下降;HD组治疗前后β2-MG、PTH相差不显著。治疗前及2月后溶质变化,两组Cr,β2-MG相差不显著;HDF组PTH前后有显著性差异;KT/V值比较,HDF为1.68±0.34,HD为1.21±0.23,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论On-lineHDF较传统HDF操作简单,自产回输液安全,病人有较好的耐受性和心血管稳定性,其对小分子、中分子物质的清除能力优于常规HD。

On-line血液透析滤过护理15例

目的 探讨应用On -line血液透析滤过治疗慢性肾衰尿毒症患者的临床效果及护理措施。方法 回顾性分析 1 5例维持性血液透析患者应用On -line血液透析滤过的治疗及护理过程。结果 1 5例患者经每 1～ 2周 1次的On -line血液透析滤过治疗后 ,病情稳定 ,部分患者心功能、血压、食欲、体力及睡眠不同程度得到改善 ,在促红细胞生成素使用量不变的情况下 ,4例病人的血红蛋白有所增加。结论 On -line血液透析滤过是当今最佳的肾脏替代疗法技术之一 。

A Comparative Analysis of Casual Conversation and Institutional Talk

This article reflects on the process of transcribing spoken interaction and makes a comparative analysis of two different varieties of spoken interaction(casual conver- sation and institutional talk). By doing so, it reveals how the different purposes of speech result in their distinctive characteristics, and shows how language is struc- tured to construct ideational meanings(Field) and interpersonal meanings(Tenor) that define each context.