China＇s central government undertook major tax regime reform in 1994 that was characterized by fiscal federalism. In hindsight, this reform might be viewed as being more emphatic towards the revenue side than the exp...China＇s central government undertook major tax regime reform in 1994 that was characterized by fiscal federalism. In hindsight, this reform might be viewed as being more emphatic towards the revenue side than the expenditure side. The reform has resulted in certain success both for revenue shifting and inflation fighting purposes. However, the reform and its subsequent follow-ups have not addressed some fundamental issues pertaining to China＇s government finance system, such as the overhauling of the function of government finance and redrawing lines between the central and regional governments with regard to their fiscal responsibilities and duties. Moreover, fiscal federalism might have actually increased fiscal burden on the economy, especially on domestic sectors of the economy. However, coupled with enhanced policy support for China＇ s external development, fiscal federalism might have helped to further accelerate resource shifts toward the external sector, thus resulting in an unprecedented rapid expansion in China＇ s exports since the mid1990s.展开更多
Since the 1980s,rapid economic development in China has continued to attract great numbers of migrants from rural to urban labor markets.As a result,the constraints of the hukou registration system on migration flows ...Since the 1980s,rapid economic development in China has continued to attract great numbers of migrants from rural to urban labor markets.As a result,the constraints of the hukou registration system on migration flows have gradually declined.Nevertheless,institutional barriers associated with the hukou remain for migrants in their social integration in destination.And these have led to substantial negative impacts on migrants'physical,social and psychological wellbeing.Regional institutional variation and recent reforms in the hukou system at the provincial or lower level set up a semi experimental context in which to examine how institutional or structural differences can affect migrants'wellbeing.This study analyzes the health-related differences between migrants in two major migrant-receiving cities,Beijing and Shenzhen.To eliminate the effect of self-selection in destination choice,we use propensity score matching to remove the observable differences which are relevant in destination choice and to make the respondents in the two cities more comparable.With the matched samples,we examine the net effect of migration destination on health outcomes and health service use.We found that migrants in Shenzhen have relatively poorer physical and psychological health compared with those in Beijing,and that they have more unmet health needs in spite of their higher use of health services.We discuss the structural and institutional factors which may be relevant to the observed net health differences,including the differences III policy implementation and regulations between these two cities.展开更多
文摘China＇s central government undertook major tax regime reform in 1994 that was characterized by fiscal federalism. In hindsight, this reform might be viewed as being more emphatic towards the revenue side than the expenditure side. The reform has resulted in certain success both for revenue shifting and inflation fighting purposes. However, the reform and its subsequent follow-ups have not addressed some fundamental issues pertaining to China＇s government finance system, such as the overhauling of the function of government finance and redrawing lines between the central and regional governments with regard to their fiscal responsibilities and duties. Moreover, fiscal federalism might have actually increased fiscal burden on the economy, especially on domestic sectors of the economy. However, coupled with enhanced policy support for China＇ s external development, fiscal federalism might have helped to further accelerate resource shifts toward the external sector, thus resulting in an unprecedented rapid expansion in China＇ s exports since the mid1990s.
文摘Since the 1980s,rapid economic development in China has continued to attract great numbers of migrants from rural to urban labor markets.As a result,the constraints of the hukou registration system on migration flows have gradually declined.Nevertheless,institutional barriers associated with the hukou remain for migrants in their social integration in destination.And these have led to substantial negative impacts on migrants'physical,social and psychological wellbeing.Regional institutional variation and recent reforms in the hukou system at the provincial or lower level set up a semi experimental context in which to examine how institutional or structural differences can affect migrants'wellbeing.This study analyzes the health-related differences between migrants in two major migrant-receiving cities,Beijing and Shenzhen.To eliminate the effect of self-selection in destination choice,we use propensity score matching to remove the observable differences which are relevant in destination choice and to make the respondents in the two cities more comparable.With the matched samples,we examine the net effect of migration destination on health outcomes and health service use.We found that migrants in Shenzhen have relatively poorer physical and psychological health compared with those in Beijing,and that they have more unmet health needs in spite of their higher use of health services.We discuss the structural and institutional factors which may be relevant to the observed net health differences,including the differences III policy implementation and regulations between these two cities.
