From 2001 to 2012,many local governments in China closed down village teaching sites for primary school students in the first and second grades,consolidating them into larger township schools more distant from village...From 2001 to 2012,many local governments in China closed down village teaching sites for primary school students in the first and second grades,consolidating them into larger township schools more distant from village students’homes.School closure and consolidation are particularly striking in China’s central and western regions,where swathes of rural labor migrated to cities for jobs.As a result,numerous primary school pupils are forced to study at boarding schools in the first and second grades,which is considered as too early for pupils to live without parental care.This paper employs survey data from 137 township schools with boarding qualifications collected by a project team consisting of researchers from the China Institute for Educational Finance Research(CIEFR)of Peking University,the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(IPLE-CASS)and the Capital University of Economics and Business(CUEB).By matching the home-school distance with village teaching site information as the proxy variable for the school consolidation policy,this paper evaluates the policy's impact on the likelyhood of premature boarding for primary school pupils,as well as the impact on their human capital accumulation.Our study finds that the creation of teaching sites makes it less likely for primary school pupils to board at school.Premature boarding impedes children’s human capital accumulation,and the harmful effect is particularly striking for children lacking pastoral teachers,raised by grandparents and from families above average income levels,as well as girls.展开更多
由于仪器传递函数(Instrument Transfer Function,ITF)能准确反映仪器在空间频率上的响应特征,被广泛应用于仪器规范之中。目前多采用刻有单一台阶特征或不同周期正弦特征的平面测试板对干涉仪的ITF进行检测。针对平面测试板无法完成高...由于仪器传递函数(Instrument Transfer Function,ITF)能准确反映仪器在空间频率上的响应特征,被广泛应用于仪器规范之中。目前多采用刻有单一台阶特征或不同周期正弦特征的平面测试板对干涉仪的ITF进行检测。针对平面测试板无法完成高陡度球面/非球面镜检测时ITF标定的问题,提出了根据球面台阶测试板标定高陡度镜面检测的子孔径拼接ITF的方法。通过超精密车削技术制作了球面台阶测试板,并对其进行拼接检测,根据梯度定位法和旋转矩阵完成检测孔径中台阶的定位及采样,利用傅里叶变换方法实现对台阶实测面形的功率谱密度求解,最后与理想面形功率谱密度做比获得ITF。对口径100 mm、曲率半径100 mm、带有同心圆环台阶结构的球面台阶测试板进行拼接检测以及数据分析,实验结果表明:在1 mm-1的空间频率范围内,各个子孔径对高陡度镜面的检测水平平均可达到82.72%,具有较好的检测精度,随后ITF逐渐衰减,当空间频率在1.5 mm^(-1)左右时,仅能达到40%~60%。展开更多
以V isua l C++6.0作为开发平台,基于GP IB总线结构,在W IN 2000系统下设计开发了GP IB仪器控制系统。给出了系统的硬件组成及软件设计方法,实现了HP 35670A和笔记本电脑通过GP IB接口板两者之间的通讯。为数据的进一步分析处理提供了...以V isua l C++6.0作为开发平台,基于GP IB总线结构,在W IN 2000系统下设计开发了GP IB仪器控制系统。给出了系统的硬件组成及软件设计方法,实现了HP 35670A和笔记本电脑通过GP IB接口板两者之间的通讯。为数据的进一步分析处理提供了一个良好的软件平台。展开更多
针对某航天器仪器安装板在噪声载荷作用下振动响应过大的情况,提出采取附加约束阻尼层的振动抑制措施。文章首先介绍约束阻尼层的应用情况,简要说明了约束阻尼层减振的原理;随后以航天器典型仪器安装板为研究对象,通过对比同等噪声载荷...针对某航天器仪器安装板在噪声载荷作用下振动响应过大的情况,提出采取附加约束阻尼层的振动抑制措施。文章首先介绍约束阻尼层的应用情况,简要说明了约束阻尼层减振的原理;随后以航天器典型仪器安装板为研究对象,通过对比同等噪声载荷下约束阻尼层附加前、后仪器安装板上的振动响应,分析了振动抑制情况。结果显示,仪器安装板附加约束阻尼层后,仪器设备安装处随机振动均方根加速度平均降低1.56 d B(16.4%)。展开更多
文摘From 2001 to 2012,many local governments in China closed down village teaching sites for primary school students in the first and second grades,consolidating them into larger township schools more distant from village students’homes.School closure and consolidation are particularly striking in China’s central and western regions,where swathes of rural labor migrated to cities for jobs.As a result,numerous primary school pupils are forced to study at boarding schools in the first and second grades,which is considered as too early for pupils to live without parental care.This paper employs survey data from 137 township schools with boarding qualifications collected by a project team consisting of researchers from the China Institute for Educational Finance Research(CIEFR)of Peking University,the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(IPLE-CASS)and the Capital University of Economics and Business(CUEB).By matching the home-school distance with village teaching site information as the proxy variable for the school consolidation policy,this paper evaluates the policy's impact on the likelyhood of premature boarding for primary school pupils,as well as the impact on their human capital accumulation.Our study finds that the creation of teaching sites makes it less likely for primary school pupils to board at school.Premature boarding impedes children’s human capital accumulation,and the harmful effect is particularly striking for children lacking pastoral teachers,raised by grandparents and from families above average income levels,as well as girls.
文摘针对某航天器仪器安装板在噪声载荷作用下振动响应过大的情况,提出采取附加约束阻尼层的振动抑制措施。文章首先介绍约束阻尼层的应用情况,简要说明了约束阻尼层减振的原理;随后以航天器典型仪器安装板为研究对象,通过对比同等噪声载荷下约束阻尼层附加前、后仪器安装板上的振动响应,分析了振动抑制情况。结果显示,仪器安装板附加约束阻尼层后,仪器设备安装处随机振动均方根加速度平均降低1.56 d B(16.4%)。
