Exploring the Mysteries of the Universe, and Innovation Leading the Future——Astronomical Techniques and Instruments

Dear Readers:Astronomical Techniques and Instruments is a professional English journal of open access devoted to recent develop-ments,discoveries,and theories in astronomical techniques,methods,and instruments.It will serve as a platform for dis-course,learning,and information sharing for astronomic and astrophysics professionals worldwide.

Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

Correlation analysis between fault frequency and service time of underground fluid instruments

In this paper, we make a statistical analysis of the fault information of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models in China from January 2021 to May 2022 based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, and compare the fault statistics of the meteorological three-element instruments of 3 models during the study period. The results show that:(1) The numbers of faults of the underground fluid instruments of 12models with different service times are basically positively correlated with the numbers of the corresponding instruments, with good consistency. Moreover, the automatic observation instruments(8models) with more than 30 units are significantly correlated at a 0.05 significance level(95% confidence level). Even at a 0.01 significance level(99% confidence level), there are 7 models(7/8) with significant correlation.(2) The positive and negative correlations between the monthly average number of faults and the corresponding service times of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models with different service times are random, and there are 9 models(75%) with no significant correlation at a 0.05 significance level(95% confidence level), while 12 models(100%) with no significant correlation at a 0.01significance level(99% confidence level).(3) The monthly average numbers of faults of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models are basically 0.02-0.05 times/(unit·month), and the overall fault frequency is low.(4) The fault statistics results of the meteorological three-element instruments of 3 models are consistent with the characteristics of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models. In general,there is no significant correlation between the fault frequency and the service time of underground fluid instruments.(5) The results of this paper demonstrate that the service time of underground fluid instruments cannot be taken as the main reason for whether to update the instruments. Similarly, the fault frequency of the instruments cannot be taken as the main reason for the service life of the instruments in the process of formulating the service life standards of underground fluid instruments.

Validation of short version of evidence-based practice instruments among nurses in clinical practice:Evidence-based practice beliefs,implementation,and organizational culture

Objective:The objective of the study is to validate the short version of evidence-based practice(EBP)instruments among nurses in clinical practice.Methods:An institutional-based cross-sectional research design was used and a stratified sampling technique to select 285 nurse clinicians.The study utilized a structured questionnaire comprising of demographic data from the participants and three validated scales:the shortened versions of the EBP Beliefs Scale,the EBP Implementation Scale,and the Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice(OCRSIEP)survey.With the use of descriptive statistics,the data were analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages,while inter-item correlation coefficient(ICC)and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy were used to confirm the validity of using factor analysis.Results:Findings revealed the mean scores of the EBP Beliefs Scale ranged from 1.50 to 1.61,EBP Implementation Scale ranged from 1.84 to 1.94,and the OCRSIEP Scale ranged from 1.93 to 2.19.All the three shortened scales accordingly had good internal reliability,29.30±9.93 out of 80 for the EBP Beliefs Scale,19.56±7.37 out of 72 for the EBP Implementation Scale,and 66.32±20.35 out of 125 for the OCRSIEP Scale.Conclusion:This study has generated a valid Short Version of EBP reliable instrument that is psychometrically robust that can be used by nurses and clinicians to evaluate EBP in clinical settings since the results presented as a whole confirmed the high reliability and factorial validity.

Inheritance and Development of Guangxi Minority Musical Instruments and Their Integration With Operas

The traditional musical instrument of minorities converges the evolution of ethnic group culture and history,and ethnic musical instruments are a core component of minority culture.The traditional instruments of Guangxi minorities are rich and varied,and an all-round cultural inheritance and protection mechanism should be used for ethnic musical instruments,so that the performance form of classical musical instruments of minorities can be more widely understood and mastered.Therefore,in this paper,we discuss the specific practice idea of the inheritance and development of classical musical instruments of Guangxi minorities,and facilitate the innovation of development path of ethnic musical instruments by taking the inheritance form of integrating musical instruments with operas.

Between Tao and Instruments:Railways,China,and the World From the Perspective of Modern Thought(1875-1936)

In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.

多元混合式教学在仪器分析实验课程中的实践

仪器分析实验课程是化学相关专业实践性与应用性极强的核心实验课程之一。在“双一流”建设的大背景下,针对目前仪器分析实验教学存在的问题,从教学模式、教学内容和教学方法三方面进行改革,打造了线上线下相结合,常规实验、虚拟仿真实验和自主创新设计实验相结合,翻转课堂和问题导向学习法相结合的多元混合式教学课程体系。教学实践证明,这种新型的教学课程体系有利于激发学生的学习兴趣与主动性,引导学生内化知识,培养分析和解决问题的高阶思维与综合能力,提高教学效率,优化教学效果。

智慧供热系统数据运行核查方法研究

高质量数据是智慧供热系统数据分析的前提和分析结论可靠性的保障,计量器具的良好工作状态是获得高质量数据的基础。本文讨论了计量器具的检定、校准及运行核查的区别,研究了智慧供热系统计量器具在线运行核查方法。研究表明:流量计根据其实际安装工作条件,采用安装条件修正系数可解决直管段长度不够带来的测量误差问题;采用基准表法对使用的流量计进行技术性能核查,可正确判别单台流量计的工作状态;示踪法是解决大口径贸易结算表数据质量问题的有效方法。本研究可为及时发现工作异常的计量器具、确保测量数据的准确性及可靠性提供理论指导及技术支撑。

创新人才培养目标下仪器分析“教研赛”教学模式研究

依照创新人才培养目标,针对传统仪器分析教学中存在的弊端,以竞赛为依托,将科研前沿引入课堂,以线上教学为纽带,开展“教研赛”融合式教学模式改革探索。该教学模式着重培养学生的创新意识、创新思维、创新能力,以及综合分析问题、解决问题的能力;同时,该教学模式也促进理论与实验教学的衔接,形成“虚实结合、理实一体化”的教学体系。

基于LSTM网络的单台仪器地震烈度预测模型

烈度是地震预警系统的关键产出.如何实现快速预测目标场址的地震烈度是地震预警方法技术研究中的核心问题.本文提出了一种基于长短时记忆神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)的单台仪器地震烈度的预测模型(LSTM-Ⅰ).该模型以一个台站观测到地震动参数的时间序列特征为输入,实现动态预测该台站可能遭受的最大烈度.选取了日本K-NET台网记录的102次地震的5103条强震加速度记录训练了神经网络,利用89次地震的3781条数据检验了模型的泛化能力.利用准确率、漏报率以及误报率三个评价指标评价了LSTM-Ⅰ模型的性能.结果表明,当采用P波触发后3 s的序列进行预测时,模型出现漏报的概率为46.78%,出现误报的概率为1.25%;当采用P波触发后10 s的序列进行预测时,模型出现漏报的概率大幅降低到17.6%,出现误报的概率降低到1.14%.结果表明LSTM-Ⅰ模型很好把握住了时间序列中蕴含的特征.进一步基于LSTM-Ⅰ模型评估了Ⅵ度下台站所能提供的预警时间.本文模型能够提供的预警时间与P-S波到时差接近,说明LSTM-Ⅰ模型具有较高的时效性.

基于微处理器和多通信方式的大坝变形智能监测仪器的设计与实现

变形监测作为大坝安全状态感知的重要手段,具有测值直观、能全面反映大坝安全状态等特点,对保障大坝长期安全稳定运行具有重要的意义。目前大坝水平位移自动化监测主要使用引张线法、真空激光准直法及垂线法。尽管CCD垂线坐标仪已在大坝工程实践中广泛应用,可该仪器存在不支持现场配置、现场实时数据读取等不足,且无直接远程交互功能,需要接入其他采集装置或转接设备才能进行远程通信。本文设计的智能式CCD垂线坐标仪运用微处理器及以太网接口,不需要接入其他采集设备,可直接接入软件系统,解决了仪器集成复杂、传统通信方式不稳定等问题;并运用蓝牙通信和智能手机APP,解决了现场参数配置、实时采集显示的问题;提出了一种反馈式自适应调光技术,提高了仪器的自适应性和稳定性。

面向未来的中国智慧林业:观测仪器体系的演进与发展趋势

森林观测信息的生产是支持智慧林业工作开展的基础和先导。本文以森林观测仪器技术体系的构建历史、现状和未来为切入点,以基础性公共技术的发展脉络为支撑,深入分析森林观测仪器与森林观测需求的耦合程度。传统森林观测仪器体系在时效性和准确性上已经无法满足日益发展的林业调查的需要,观测仪器存在孤立性高、难以集成、操作繁琐、效率低等问题。这主要是由于当前针对森林观测研究偏重对成熟仪器使用和数据分析,观测仪器的研发偏重算法补偿和集成第三方元件,轻物理结构设计等因素造成。面对基本测量原理鲜有更新、森林观测标准制定滞后于新型技术发展等问题,本文从对观测仪器现在和未来的联合模式进行阐述,从逻辑架构到物理技术层面上分析森林观测仪器联合模式可能在未来出现的发展状况与应用前景。最后,基于当前基础性技术发展的趋势,对可能出现的几种新形态的森林观测仪器进行推测,并以此展望在近未来可能在中国实现的一种智能森林观测体系的雏形。

吉林天文观测基地光学观测环境及相关研究进展

地基光学天文望远镜是人类探索与研究宇宙的重要手段,对已有地基光学台址的光学观测环境进行监测分析,可以为后期设备针对性改造以及观测者调整观测策略提供参考依据,对提升地基光学设备的观测效能具有重要的意义.吉林天文观测基地(简称“基地”)隶属于中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,位于吉林省吉林市大绥河镇小绥河村南沟约5 km处(东经126.3°,北纬43.8°,海拔高度313m).基地大气视宁度均值范围约为1.3″-1.4″、天顶附近V波段的天光背景亮度为20.64mag·arcsec^(-2)、年晴夜数最高可达270余天,具有良好的天文观测条件.吉林天文观测基地于2016年投入运行,现有1.2m光电望远镜、迷你光电阵列望远镜、大视场光电望远镜阵列、新型多功能阵列结构光电探测平台等多台(套)光电望远镜设备.利用上述设备,主要围绕空间目标探测与识别、精密轨道确定、光电探测新方法以及变源天体的多色测光等开展相关研究工作,与多家国内高校及科研院所保持着良好的合作关系.

基于物理信息神经网络的金属表面吸收率测量方法

漫反射金属吸收率的准确测量十分重要且比较困难.量热法可靠性较高,但是参数反演较为困难.为此,建立了一种物理信息神经网络方法.该方法通过神经网络拟合温度上升段曲线,进而获得吸收率.为了验证该方法,开展了数值仿真和实验研究.数值仿真结果表明,该方法适用于吸收率测量,抗干扰能力强,反演精度高,在0.05—0.2的吸收率范围内,最大误差为0.00092.实验以喷砂镀金铝板为被测对象,受表面粗糙度、镀金工艺等影响,这些样品的吸收率处于2%—10%之间,测量重复精度优于1%.基于物理信息神经网络的吸收率测量方法有望成为一种有力的金属表面吸收率测量方法.

随钻核磁共振仪器缩短回波间隔方法优化设计

核磁共振测井是一种直接探测储层孔隙流体性质的地球物理方法,随钻核磁共振技术是在钻井过程中实时获得油气藏评价参数的技术方法.面对复杂油气藏中随钻核磁共振测量问题,通过缩短脉冲序列的回波间隔,可以减少仪器测量时间,能够获得快速衰减的短弛豫组分,实现储层孔隙结构的精细表征.本文提出了一种多级能量泄放方法,能够逐级降低天线品质因数,缩短天线恢复的死区时间,在不改变回波采集信噪比的情况下,实现脉冲序列的短回波间隔采集系统设计,并在随钻核磁共振测井仪器实验样机上进行了测试验证.测试结果表明,仪器回波信号信噪比良好,振铃噪声与回波信号区分明显,测试结果与模拟仿真结果一致,能够实现短回波间隔数据采集,验证了方法的有效性和实用性.

基于动力学模型的手术器械夹持力估计研究

手术器械夹持力估计问题一直是微创手术机器人手术器械研究的重点。在微创手术过程中,夹持力过大会造成组织损伤,夹持力过小会使缝合针等脱落,引发危险。因此,研究如何估计手术器械夹持力是非常有必要的。根据手术器械的结构特点,提出了一种基于动力学模型的夹持力估计方法。建立的模型考虑了手术器械动力学模型、丝传动系统力和位移传递特性和直流电动机特性,得到了手术器械电动机电流和夹持力之间的关系;通过Matlab对夹持力模型进行仿真验证,得到了手术器械末端执行器随电动机电流变化的夹持力变化曲线。仿真结果表明,基于动力学模型的手术器械夹持力估计模型与实际情况相符,为后续的手术器械夹持力安全保障研究提供了理论依据。

基于阀切换UHPLC-IC联用技术的实验教学探索

具有阀切换的超高效液相色谱-离子色谱联用(UHPLC-IC)技术适用于同时分析含有机物和无机阴离子的样品,该联用技术简化了前处理的过程,消除了复杂基体,对无机阴离子进行富集,实现有机物和无机阴离子的同时分析,提高了色谱分析效率。将阀切换UHPLC-IC联用技术引入到本科生仪器分析实验课堂中,加深了学生对新型分析技术独特优势的理解,提高了本科生解决复杂实际问题的能力,拓宽和提升了仪器分析实验的教学内涵,有利于创新性和综合性人才的培养。

高校大型仪器设备技术人员专业能力框架研究

大型仪器设备是高校科研创新和人才培养的重要设施,技术人员的专业能力是决定大型仪器设备使用效益的关键。构建专业能力框架是加强高水平技术队伍建设的基础性工作。从理论知识、实践技能、创新应用和研究品质4个维度构建了高校大型仪器设备技术人员专业能力框架,对技术人员应具备的专业能力进行了全面、科学的描述,对指导技术人员明确职业发展目标、规划专业发展路径有重要指导作用,对学校加强技术队伍建设顶层设计具有参考价值。

个性化饮食方案在肝硬化腹水患者中的应用

目的探讨个性化饮食方案在肝硬化腹水患者中的应用效果。方法前瞻性随机对照试验,以广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院2021年2月至2022年6月收治的103例肝硬化腹水患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为联合组(51例)与对照组(52例)。对照组采用常规护理干预+红外线理疗仪,在此基础上,联合组加行个性化饮食方案干预。两组均干预3周。比较干预前后两组临床指标、腹胀程度、腹水分级。结果干预后,两组腹围、双侧踝关节平均周径低于干预前,且联合组小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组24 h尿量高于干预前,且联合组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组腹胀分级优于干预前,且联合组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组腹水程度优于干预前,且联合组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论红外线理疗仪联合个性化饮食方案可有效降低肝硬化腹水患者腹围、双侧踝关节周径,提高尿量,改善腹胀、腹水分级。

高校实验技术人员内在动力激励模式探讨

实验技术人员是高校仪器共享平台的核心力量,如何建设并稳定一支业务精干、素质优良、结构合理的高水平实验技术队伍,充分调动实验技术人员的主动性和创造性,是提高平台服务和管理水平的关键。以中山大学中山医学院科研仪器平台为例,探讨通过建立成长督促的交互学习氛围,协助技术员职业自信的建立,培养技术员爱岗敬业的工匠精神,从而激发技术人员积极向上的内在动力,实践证明这些模式可有效地提升队伍的稳定性和平台整体的服务效能。