Glaucoma surgery experiments using digital microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography and OCT-compatible instruments

There is a certain failure rate in traditional glaucoma surgery because of the lack of depth information in microscope images.In this work,we present a digital microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography(MIOCT)system and several custom-made OCT-compatible instruments for glaucoma surgery.Sixteen ophthalmologists were asked to perform trabeculectomy and canaloplasty on live porcine eyes using the system and instruments.After surgery,a subjective feedback survey about the user experience was taken.The experiment results showed that our system can help surgeons easily locate important tissue structures during surgery.The custom-made instruments also solved the shadowing problem in OCT imaging.Surgeons preferred to use the system in their future practice.

Exploring the Mysteries of the Universe, and Innovation Leading the Future——Astronomical Techniques and Instruments

Dear Readers:Astronomical Techniques and Instruments is a professional English journal of open access devoted to recent develop-ments,discoveries,and theories in astronomical techniques,methods,and instruments.It will serve as a platform for dis-course,learning,and information sharing for astronomic and astrophysics professionals worldwide.

Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

基于EtherCAT总线的空间结构点阵自动同步加载系统研发

大型空间结构试验通常具有加载点数量多、覆盖面积广、加载工况较多的特点,传统的加载方法很难兼顾成本适宜、安全高效。该文提出了一种新型空间结构点阵自动同步加载系统,该加载系统采用水作为试验载荷,应用实时工业以太网EtherCAT总线技术,可实现任意比例下多点同步精确加载。加载系统的控制模块、数据采集模块和加载容器可根据试验需要在控制总线上无限挂载和自由分布,具有通用性强、自动化程度高、安全高效、加载耗材清洁廉价的特点。该文详细介绍了该加载系统的原理与组成,以及EtherCAT总线主从式结构下主站和从站的具体实现,并将其应用于马鞍形正交索网结构承载力试验,整个加载过程中荷载稳步匀速增长、数值稳定准确,验证了该加载系统的可行性和准确性。

Problems and principles in translation of cross-cultural research instruments

The process of translation is an important part of cross-cultural studies. Cross-cultural researchers are often confronted by the need to translate instruments from one language to another. In the translation, linguistic equivalence, functional equivalence, cultural equivalence and metric equivalence are factors that need to be considered greatly. This paper examines the translation of cross-cultural research instrument from these points of view, illustrates with examples and puts forward suggestions for incorporating each factor into research studies.

基于1553B总线的大规模信息系统设计问题研究

某大型航天器GNC系统应用1553B总线构建了其规模庞大的信息系统,在信息系统设计过程中产生了3个问题:超长总线下的稳定通信、应用层协议的设计、多条总线的管理等。对这3个问题开展研究,描述了3个问题的由来,给出了问题的解决方法,并验证了方法的实际效果。结果表明:总线中继的方法,有效解决了1553B总线在240 m长度下的稳定可靠通信问题;广播帧计数回传的应用层协议,节省了总线数据通讯开销、并提供了丰富的故障诊断信息;遍历寻优的总线管理策略,最大程度上发挥了多机多总线系统的容错能力。

基于特征信息熵与支持向量机的智能网联汽车CAN总线异常检测技术

本文结合CNA报文的结构特点,探究了基于特征、信息熵的异常检测技术和基于支持向量机的异常检测技术。基于特征、信息熵的异常检测技术,将CAN ID作为特征,统计包含该特征的所有报文并计算信息熵。根据信息熵确立阈值标准,对比CAN总线报文的熵值是否在阈值范围内,从而检测是否存在异常。仿真结果表明,在报文数量较少的情况下,该技术的异常检测率可以达到100%。基于支持向量机的异常检测技术,将异常报文预处理后输入到支持向量机中训练,得到异常检测指标。利用该指标与CAN总线报文进行对比,从而检测是否存在异常。实验结果表明,该技术对多种CNA报文的异常检测率在90%以上。

Research on Instruments of Formative Assessment for Differentiated Language Teaching

Formative assessment is crucial to differentiated language teaching.To ensure the quality of differentiated teaching,some assessment instruments should be adopted during formative assessment,such as differentiated learning portfolios and group activity journal.The effective application of these instruments can also improve the students' autonomous language learning ability.

基于PCIE总线的大数据通信传输时延控制系统设计

在大数据传输中,当网络流量过大或网络拓扑复杂时,可能会出现网络拥塞的情况,导致通信传输时延的增加,为了优化通信网络的数据传输效率,设计基于PCIE总线的大数据通信传输时延控制系统;在PCIE总线核结构下设计大数据收发器、通信转换模块与通信中断控制器,搭建时延控制终端,联合大数据通信寄存器与时延状态估计器,实现传输时延控制硬件系统的设计;在通信数据相空间内,计算传输时延量的具体数值水平,完成对大数据通信传输时延的预测;根据大数据通信序列定义条件,得到与通信传输时延状态相关的反馈信息,并以此为基础,确定具体的控制方案,完成基于PCIE总线的大数据通信传输时延控制系统设计;实验结果表明,PCIE总线控制系统的应用可将大数据通信时延控制在0~0.20 ms范围之内,不会因时延过大造成数据信息瞬时响应速率下降的问题,且数据传输丢包率低于10%,符合实际应用需求。

应用于机床加工的总线数字量模块开发与试验研究

为了满足数控机床加工对信号量数据采集传输的实时性和稳定性的应用需求,如机床加工现场的轴运动位移硬件限位信号、气阀水阀信号、刀具测量等信号,同时能与可编程控制器建立通信进行数据交互,可实现信号量检测与控制功能。文章设计并开发基于以太网通讯技术的EtherCAT通信协议的数字量模块,对数字量模块软硬件设计内容与数据交互程序的执行流程进行研究,并通过配合标准EtherCAT通信主站TwinCAT进行试验,证明开发的数字量模块能与控制器主站正常建立通信并进行数据传输,且与EtherCAT总线通信数据周期保持同步。基于数字量信号检测设计出机床刀径测量方案,应用该数字量模块在机床加工中进行量刀试验,结果表明通过数字量模块对检测信号的实时响应计算得到的机床刀具磨损误差满足应用要求,具有工程实际价值,达到了研究的目的。

基于FPGA的LVDS总线控制器的设计与实现

为保证在高速、多负载条件下LVDS总线的运行状态和传输速率满足应用需求,基于FPGA设计LVDS总线控制器,协议上优化了LVDS的总线占用方式、信号传输逻辑,并在物理层优化了总线结构以及节点接口。为防止低压差分信号失真以及接口失锁问题,采取信号编码和失锁预防措施,保证信号的稳定,增强总线的可靠性。经验证,该方案可提高总线带负载能力,保持高速率下的可靠传输。

基于总线同步的多驱动系统漏电流分析与抑制

多驱动系统中漏电流的大量存在是影响数控加工装备长期稳定运行的重要因素,提出了一种邻消抑制措施,能够有效减少多驱动系统中漏电流,避免漏电保护装置频繁触发。该措施采用PWM调制策略,将空间位置相邻的两个驱动单元的共模电压矢量方向反向,以抵消它们之间的高频共模电压分量,从而有效地抑制了多驱动系统的漏电流。主要创新之处采用了一种软件控制的方式实现了对多驱动系统漏电流的抑制,该措施不但可以有效地抑制漏电流,而且实现成本低。实际测试平台的结果表明,邻消抑制措施在多驱动系统中能够有效降低70%~80%的漏电流,保证了多驱动系统的稳定运行。

基于PCIe总线的主从CPU数据传输系统设计与实现

电力系统保护自动化设备存在多CPU板卡间高速数据传输和存储需求,介绍了一种基于PCIe总线接口实现的主从CPU数据传输系统。采用飞腾FT2000/4处理器为核心构建硬件系统,通过嵌入式Linux操作系统、PCIe设备驱动和应用程序部署软件系统,主CPU侧负责数据采集和处理,从CPU侧通过PCIe总线读取数据完成传输和存储功能。测试情况表明,该方案实现的系统稳定可靠,能够有效地满足高速传输、实时存储的应用业务需求,具有较高的工程应用价值。

基于FPGA的CAN总线加密系统设计

CAN总线作为应用最为广泛的车载通信总线,其数据以明文传输的特性,提升了车内通信效率的同时,也增加了信息泄露并被篡改的风险。对此,文中提出了基于国密SM3算法的车载CAN总线数据加密方式,利用FPGA硬件设备实现车载信息的收集、处理、加密、通信和控制,以满足在不降低总线通信效率的前提下,提升车载通信的安全性。根据设计要求,采用软硬件结合的方式对该方案进行了验证,实验结果表明,以SM3算法加密时,在Quartus 13.0平台上最高时钟频率可达94.7 MHz,吞吐量约为757.6 Mbit/s,造成约0.67μs的时延,达到设计目的。

一款NoC总线的低功耗设计

随着集成电路技术的飞速发展,其集成度和复杂度越来越高,导致芯片功耗问题日益严重。文章提出一套兼容片上网络(Net on Chip,NoC)总线的功耗管理总线,针对不同电源域进行低功耗管理,通过电源域开关协议将电源域状态同步到事务活动,且不影响系统其他部分的操作。实验结果表明,功耗管理总线具有低成本、协议简单、兼容性好、轻量级等优势。

轨道交通特色高校“列车总线控制基础”课程改革探索

作为轨道交通特色高校车辆工程专业的必修课程,“列车总线控制基础”课程授课难度较高,内容抽象不易理解,难于开展相关实训是其主要问题。因此,针对“列车总线控制基础”课程的本科教学进行了改革尝试,分别从教学内容、教学手段和考核方式三个方面入手,调整教学内容、引入虚拟现实技术的教学方式,建立多元的考核机制,提高课堂教学效率和教学质量,使学生对列车总线控制的基本原理及在轨道交通领域的应用有了更为深刻的认知。

Literature review and analysis of the application of health outcome assessment instruments in Chinese medicine

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the application of health assessment instruments in Chinese medicine. METHODS： According to a pre-defined search strategy, a comprehensive literature search for all articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted. The resulting articles that met the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for analysis. RESULTS： A total of 97 instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine have been used in fundamental and theoretical research, and 14 of these were also used in 29 clinical trials that were randomized controlled trials, or descriptive or cross-sectional studies. In 2 152 Chinese medicine-based studies that used instruments in their methodology, more than 150 questionnaires were identified. Among the identified questionnaires, 51 were used in more than 10 articles （0.5%）. Most of these instruments were developed in Western countries and few studies （4%） used the instrument as the primary evidence for their conclusions. CONCLUSION： Usage of instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine is increasing rapidly; however, current limitations include selection rationale, result interpretation and standardization, which must be addressed accordingly.

Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of curved root canals after mechanical preparation with three nickel-titanium rotary instruments

Cone beam computed tomography is a 3-dimensional high resolution imaging method. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different NiTi rotary instruments used to prepare curved root canals on the final shape of the curved canals and total amount of root canal transportation by using cone-beam computed tomography. A total of 81 mesial root canals from 42 extracted human mandibular molars, with a curvature ranging from 15 to 45 degrees, were selected. Canals were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 each. After preparation with Protaper, Revo-S and Hero Shaper, the amount of transportation and centering ability that occurred were assessed by using cone beam computed tomography. Utilizing preand post-instrumentation radiographs, straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Canals were metrically assessed for changes （surface area, changes in curvature and transportation） during canal preparation by using software SimPlant; instrument failures were also recorded. Mean total widths and outer and inner width measurements were determined on each central canal path and differences were statistically analyzed. The results showed that all instruments maintained the original canal curvature well with no significant differences between the different files （P=0.226）. During preparation there was failure of only one file （the protaper group）. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, all instruments maintained the original canal curvature well and were safe to use. Areas of uninstrumented root canal wall were left in all regions using the various systems.