Energy-limiting factor for coal and gas outburst occurrence in intact coal seam

This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal,and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals,and then,studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of intact coal and the gas demand for the pulverization of intact coal particles.When a real-life outburst case is examined,the required minimum stress for intact coal outburst is estimated.The study concludes that the crushing work ratios of three intact coal samples vary from 294.3732 to 945.8048 J/m^(2).For the real-life case,more than 2300 MJ of transport work is needed,and 10062.09,7046.57 and 5895.47 m^(3) of gas is required when the gas pressure is 1,2 and 3 MPa,respectively.The crushing work exceeds the transport work and even reaches 13.96 times of the transport work.How to provide such an enormous crushing work is an energy-limiting factor for the outburst in intact coal.The strain energy is needed for the crushing work,and the required minimum stress is over 54.35 MPa,even reaching 300.44 MPa.These minimum stresses far exceed the in-situ vertical and horizontal stresses that can be provided at the 300–700 m mining depth range.

Gas desorption characteristics of the high-rank intact coal and fractured coal

The objective of this work is to study the gas desorption characteristics of the high-rank intact coal and fractured coal.The gas adsorption,mercury porosimetry and gas desorption experiments were carried out in this study.Then,the theories of thermodynamics,diffusion mechanism and desorption kinetics were used to estimate the gas desorption characteristics.The results of gas adsorption experiments show that the initial isosteric adsorption heat of the intact coal is greater than that of the fractured coal,indicating that the gas molecules desorb more easily from fractured coal than intact coal.Using the mercury porosimetry,we find that the diffusion channels of fractured coal are more developed than those of intact coal.The difficult diffusion form dominates in the intact coal during the gas diffusing,while the easy diffusion form dominates in the fractured coal.The results of gas desorption experiments show that the initial gas desorption volume and velocity of the fractured coal are both greater than those of the intact coal.Using the Fick diffusion law,the study calculates the gas diffusion coefficients of the intact coal and fractured coal.The diffusion coefficients of the fractured coal are 2 times and 10 times greater than those of the intact coal at the time of 0-120 and 0-10 min,respectively.

原生煤和构造煤对甲烷的吸附扩散特性研究

为了研究原生煤和构造煤的吸附扩散特性,采用甲烷吸附装置和解吸装置对2种煤样进行了实验。结果表明,构造煤的极限甲烷吸附量是原生煤的1.18倍,并且在相同甲烷吸附压力下构造煤的吸附能力强于原生煤。当甲烷吸附平衡压力为0.74 MPa和2 MPa时,构造煤的固定扩散系数分别是原生煤的7.3倍和4.5倍,表明构造煤的初始气体扩散能力远高于原生煤。2种煤样的时变扩散系数都随着解吸时间的推移先快速降低后趋于稳定。构造煤的扩散衰减系数在0.74 MPa和2 MPa气体平衡压力下分别达到了96.6%和95.8%,远大于原生煤的扩散衰减系数38.1%和45.7%。

高阶原生煤与构造煤的孔隙及分形特征研究

为了研究高阶原生煤和构造煤的孔隙结构与分形特征,采用压汞法、低压N2吸附法和低压CO_(2)吸附法对所选的煤样进行了研究,比较了原生煤与构造煤之间的孔径分布、孔容和比表面积、孔型和连通性以及分形维数差异。结果表明:构造煤以开放型孔为主,并比原生煤具有更好的连通性;原生煤和构造煤二者的Dubinin-Radushkevic(D-R)和微孔比表面积之和都占到了总比表面积的99%以上,从而为瓦斯的吸附提供了更多的空间;构造煤较大的孔容和比表面积造成其高瓦斯含量的特征;构造煤渗流孔孔隙简单,吸附孔孔隙结构复杂性较低,孔隙表面相对光滑,提高了瓦斯在孔隙中的运移能力。

不同煤体结构煤的孔隙–裂隙分形特征及其对渗透性的影响

煤的孔隙–裂隙结构特征是研究储层渗透性的关键问题。为了定量描述孔隙–裂隙结构的复杂程度,以黄陇侏罗纪煤田永陇矿区郭家河井田原生结构煤和碎裂结构煤为研究对象,基于压汞实验数据和扫描电镜(SEM)图像,采用Menger分形模型和计盒维数方法,分别计算不同煤体结构煤的孔隙–裂隙分形维数;同时采用不同孔径段的孔隙体积比作为权重值,计算得到孔隙综合分形维数,探讨孔隙–裂隙结构分形维数和渗透率之间的关系。研究结果表明,脆性构造变形作用对孔隙整体复杂性,裂隙孔、渗流孔复杂性以及微观裂隙复杂程度均具有积极改造作用,对吸附孔结构复杂性具有均一化作用;微观裂隙分形维数与渗透率具有较高非线性关系,脆性构造作用改造下形成的碎裂煤,其具有的孔隙–裂隙结构优势配比是决定储层高渗透性的关键。因此,建议优先考虑弱脆性变形的碎裂结构煤为主体的断层、向斜和背斜区域进行煤层气抽采。

粒径损伤对原生煤和构造煤孔隙结构与分形特征的影响

为了分析构造煤与原生煤因孔隙结构不同而导致的内部瓦斯存储和运移所存在的差异性。结合低温液氮实验,分析2种煤样的孔隙特征参数与分形维数之间的关系,发现破碎作用对原生煤和构造煤孔隙的破坏路径略有区别。对于原生煤,破碎作用先作用于较大孔隙,之后对微孔产生影响;而对于构造煤,破碎作用直接对较大孔隙和微孔隙产生影响。研究结果表明:原生煤孔隙表面越粗糙、微孔比表面积越大,吸附能力越强;构造煤孔隙结构越复杂、微孔孔容越大,吸附能力越强。研究结果可为构造煤与瓦斯突出的防治提供研究基础。