Boron and Zinc Transport Through Intact Columns of Calcareous Soils

Leaching of boron （B） and zinc （Zn） can be significant in some pedomorphic conditions, which can cause contamination of shallow groundwater and economic losses. Boron and Zn adsorption and transport was studied using 8.4 cm diameter × 28 cm long intact columns from two calcareous soil series with differing clay contents and vadose zone structures： Lyallpur soil series, clay loam （fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustalfic Haplargid）, and Sultanpur soil series, sandy loam （coarse-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustollic Camborthid）. The adsorption isotherms were developed by equilibrating soil with 0.01 tool L^-1 CaCl2 aqueous solution containing varying amounts of B and Zn and were fitted to the Langmuir equation. The B and Zn breakthrough curves were fitted to the two-domain convective-dispersive equation. At the end of the leaching experiment, 0.11 L 10 g L^-1 blue dye solution was also applied to each column to mark the flow paths. The Lyallpur soil columns had a slightly greater adsorption partition coefficient both for B and Zn than the Sultanpur soil columns. In the Lyallpur soil columns, B arrival was immediate but the peak concentration ratio （the concentration in solution at equilibrium/concentration applied） was lower than that in the Sultanpur soil columns. The breakthrough of B in the Sultanpur soil columns occurred after about 10 cm of cumulative drainage in both the columns; the rise in effluent concentration was fast and the peak concentration ratio was almost 1. Zinc leaching through the soil columns was very limited as only one column from the Lyallpur soil series showed Zn breakthrough in the effluent where the peak concentration ratio was only 0.05. This study demonstrates the effect of soil structure on B transport and has implications for the nutrient management in field soils.

不同质量浓度铵态氮浇灌下城市森林土壤淋滤液无机氮及土壤氮素变化——以哈尔滨市为例

【目的】探明不同质量浓度铵态氮浇灌下城市森林土壤淋滤液铵态氮与硝态氮及土壤氮素的变化。【方法】本文选择哈尔滨市城市林业示范基地内代表性的3种人工林(蒙古栎、黄檗、水曲柳)的土壤作为研究对象,以其邻近的裸地土壤作为对照,通过野外采集土柱和室内土柱模拟法,使用硫酸铵配制不同质量浓度铵态氮溶液(100、50、25、0 mg/L)进行室内模拟浇灌,对土柱淋滤液中铵态氮和硝态氮及处理后的土柱土壤氮素进行测定与分析。【结果】3个林型和对照原状土柱对铵态氮去除效果显著,去除率均达到95%以上;不同质量浓度铵态氮负荷下各林型土壤对其去除效果差异不显著;3个林型及对照原状土柱淋滤液硝态氮质量浓度较高,均为4.41~5.53 mg/L;进水铵态氮质量浓度为100 mg/L时,除对照外,3个林型土柱中铵态氮含量均增加;低于100 mg/L时,除蒙古栎人工林外,其他两个林型土柱土壤中铵态氮含量降低;各林型和对照的土柱土壤硝态氮含量显著增加,而全氮含量差异不显著;利用不同质量浓度铵态氮浇灌后,土柱淋滤液中铵态氮的变化受林型和进水铵态氮质量浓度及其两者的交互影响不显著,但对硝态氮的影响达到显著水平,以上3者对浇灌后土柱土壤中氮素的影响均达到显著水平。【结论】在3个林型及裸地原状土柱中,蒙古栎人工林土壤对铵态氮的去除效果及硝态氮淋失最显著,其次为黄檗人工林土壤、水曲柳人工林土壤和裸地土壤。

哈尔滨城市森林土壤对污水的净化能力

为探明城市森林不同林型土壤对污水净化能力,为水岸防护林的配置提供依据,选择哈尔滨市城市林业示范基地内代表性的3种人工林(蒙古栎、黄檗、水曲柳)为研究对象,将无植被生长的裸地作为对照,通过室内土柱模拟法,定期采集马家沟污水进行室内模拟浇灌,对土柱中淋滤液进行成分测定。结果表明:所选的3个林型对铵态氮的去除效果显著(P<0.05),各林型土柱吸附的铵态氮量以及各林型与对照之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);3个林型及对照土柱淋滤液中硝态氮量与未经土柱过滤的污水相比均极显著增加(P<0.01),且滤出的硝态氮量随着进水量的增加而增加,3个林型土柱淋出的硝态氮量均低于对照,但差异并不显著(P>0.05),各林型间的差异也不显著;3个林型及对照土柱淋滤液的p H值均显著低于未经土柱过滤的污水;各林型土柱淋滤液中溶解氧均高于未经土柱过滤的污水,但差异并不显著,且与对照无显著差异;除蒙古栎人工林外,其他两个林型及对照土柱淋滤液的氧化还原电位、电导率和总溶解固体与未经土柱过滤的污水相比均显著增加。