Total Energy Expenditure of 16 Chinese Young Men Measured by the Doubly Labeled Water Method

Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.

Effects of Shuanghuanglian Propolis Oral Liquid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers

[Objective] The paper was to investigate the effects of adding Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of broilers. [Method]Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups（ group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ） ： group Ⅰ was the control group,and groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added 0. 5 and 1. 0 mL / L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water,respectively.[Result] Compared with broilers in group I,the average daily feed intakes of broilers in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were increased by 0. 86%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 1. 10%（ P 〉 0. 05）,respectively; the average daily gains were increased by 2. 33%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 4. 43%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the feed gain ratios were decreased by 1. 05%（ P 〉0. 05） and 2. 63%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the slaughter rates were increased by 0. 94%（ P 〉0. 05） and 1. 70%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the eviscerated rates were increased by 0. 52%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 1. 15%（ P 〉 0. 05）,respectively; the semi-eviscerated rates were increased by 1. 51%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 2.23%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the breast muscle rates were increased by 3. 77%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 5. 51%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the leg muscle rates were increased by 1. 96%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 4. 09%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the lightness（ L＊） were decreased by 0. 96%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 1. 47%（ P 〉 0. 05）,respectively; the redness（ a＊） were increased by 1. 24%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 1. 86%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the yellowness（ b＊） were decreased by 0. 44%（ P 〉0. 05） and 1. 03%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the drip losses were decreased by 1. 22%（ P 〈0. 05） and 1. 56%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the cooking losses were decreased by 1. 76%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 2. 89%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively. [Conclusion]Adding 0. 5 and 1. 0 mL / L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality of broilers,and the dose of 1. 0 mL / L is recommended in clinical application.