Exploration of the Mining of Ideological and Political Elements and Teaching Integration of Bridge Engineering Courses in Applied Undergraduate Programs

The questions of what kind of individuals university education should cultivate,how to cultivate them,and for whom they are being trained are pressing issues that require immediate solutions.Implementing ideological and political education is a fundamental way to address these challenges.Integrating political education into professional courses is just as important as imparting knowledge,fostering interest,transmitting values,and shaping students’character and spirit.The excavation of ideological and political elements in bridge engineering courses should comprehensively consider the dependent subject of ideological and political elements,the source of cases,the depth of excavation,the trade-offs between courses,the commonality and multifaceted nature of ideological and political elements,as well as the two ways of ideological and political elements integration.Ideological and political elements should be integrated into all stages of classroom lectures,course assignments,final examinations,course design,discipline competitions,school-enterprise cooperation,etc.,so as to achieve the effect of educating people in the whole process.

Evaluation of vertical impact factor coefficients for continuous and integral railway bridges under high-speed moving loads

In the railway bridge analysis and design method,dynamic train loads are regarded as static loads enhanced by an impact factor(IF).The IF coefficients for various railway bridges have been reported as a function of span length or frequency of the bridges in Eurocode(2003).However,these IF coefficient values neglect the effects of very high speeds(>200 km/h)and soil-structure interaction(SSI).In this work,a comprehensive study to assess the impact factor coefficients of mid-span vertical displacements for continuous and integral railway bridges subjected to high-speed moving loads is reported.Three different configurations,each for the three-dimensional(3D)continuous and integral bridge,are considered.Also,single-track(1-T)and two-track(2-T)“real train”loading cases for both these bridge types are considered.Subsequently,finite element analysis of the full-scale 3D bridge models,to identify their IF values,considering the effects of SSI for three different soil conditions,is conducted.The IF values obtained from the study for both bridge types are comparable and are greater than the values recommended by Eurocode(2003).The results reveal that with a loss of soil stiffness,the IF value reduces;thus,it confirms the importance of SSI analysis.

Research on controlling long-term performance by tensioning post tendon of long-span continuous rigid-frame bridges

The problems like cracking of the girder in the mid-span and the ever-increasing vertical deflection appear during the long term usage of the long-span continuous rigid-flame bridge. Post-tension tendon with re- served duct can increase the pre-stress of the main beam effectively, and decrease the long term span deflection in order to improve the performance of the girder. At the same time, the proper tension position is very crucial to optimise the stress distribution of the bridge and control the deflection increase. Combining with practical en- gineering, the authors analyze the influence of different positions of post-tension tendon （ including top-, web- and bottom plate tendons） on the stress and deflection of the main beam, and find out the optimal position of post tendon.

Effect of concrete creep on pre-camber of continuous rigid-frame bridge

The effect of concrete creep on the pre-camber of a long-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame bridge constructed by cantilever casting method was investigated.The difference of creep coefficients calculated with two Chinese codes was discussed.Based on the calculations,the pre-camber of a pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame box bridge was computed for construction control purpose.The results show that the short-term creep coefficient and long-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 are larger than those calculated with the CC-2004,while the medium-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 is smaller than that calculated with the CC-2004.The difference of creep deformation calculated with these two codes is small,and the influences of concrete creep on the pre-camber for most of the segments are negligible.The deflections and stresses of the box girder measured during the construction stages agree very well with the predictions.

Topographic effects on seismic response of long-span rigid-frame bridge under SV seismic wave

Seismic ground motions of two neighboring mountains and the free surface between them are calculated under the SV seismic waves with three different incident angles. The results are then taken as the inputs of multi-point seismic excitations for the foundation of a long-span bridge built over the valley in the analysis considering the integrated influence of traveling wave and topography. On the basis of a dynamic analytical method, a finite element model is created for the seismic responses of a four-span rigid-frame bridge of 440 m. The pier-top displacement and the pier-bottom internal force of the bridge are calculated. Then the results are compared with those considering traveling-wave effect only. The conclusions can serve as a seismic design reference for the structures located on the complex mountain topography.

Seismic Analysis for Rigid-Framed Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Bridge in Tianjin Light Railway

The seismic analysis of a rigid-framed prestressed concrete bridge in Tianjin Light Railway is performed. A 3-D dynamic finite element model of the bridge is established considering the weakening effect caused by the soft soil foundation. After the dynamic characteristics are calculated in terms of natural frequencies and modes, the seismic analysis is carried out using the modal response spectrum method and the time-history method, respectively. Based on the calculated results, the reasonable design values are finally suggested as the basis of the seismic design of the bridge, and meanwhile the problems encountered were also analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as: 1) Despite the superiority of rigid-framed prestressed concrete bridge, the upper and lower ends of the piers of the bridge are proved to be the crucial parts of the bridge, which are easily destroyed under designed earthquake excitations and should be carefully analyzed and designed; 2) The soft soil foundation can possibly result in rather weakening of the lateral rigidity of the rigid-framed bridge, and should be paid considerable attention; 3) The modal response spectrum method, combined with time-history method, is suggested for the seismic analysis in engineering design of the rigid-framed prestressed concrete bridge.

Application of engineered compressible inclusions to mitigating soilstructure interaction issues in integral bridge abutments

The thermally induced cyclic loading on integral bridge abutments causes soil deformation and lateral stress ratcheting behind the abutment wall due to the expansion and contraction of the bridge deck.The forward and backward movements of the abutment in response to the expansion/contraction of the bridge deck lead to the formation of settlement trough and surface heaving,frequently creating a bump at the bridge approach and increasing the lateral earth pressure behind the abutment.Measures to reduce the bump at the bridge approach,including several treatment methods,such as compaction of selected backfill materials,grout injection,installation of approach slab,and using a layer of compressible inclusion material behind the abutment were proposed.However,these guidelines still lack sufficient design details and there are limited experimental findings to validate design assumptions.In this paper,the use of engineered compressible materials to alleviate the lateral earth pressure ratcheting and settlement at the bridge approach is investigated.The comparative study is presented for the soil-inclusion,material-structure and soil-structure interactions for an integral bridge under three different backfill conditions,i.e.(a)sand,(b)sand and EPS geofoam,and(c)sand and Infinergy®.The study was conducted in a special large-scale test chamber with a semi-scale abutment to gain better insights into the soil-structure interaction(SSI).The kinematics and rearrangement of the soil during the cyclic loading have been investigated to identify the mitigating effects of compressible inclusions.The comparative study indicates that both compressible inclusions perform comparatively well,however,Infinergy®is a better alternative than the medium-density EPS geofoam,as it works more effectively to reduce the backfill settlement and heaving as well as soil ratcheting effects under cyclic translational movement.

Application Strategy of Digital Comprehensive Management and Maintenance System for Bridges

Effective application of digital integrated management and maintenance systems is essential for successful operation and maintenance management of bridge projects.This article analyzes the application strategy of such systems.It provides an overview of comprehensive digital management and maintenance of bridges,an analysis of the basic components of the integrated management and maintenance system,and its application strategies.This study aims to offer guidance for the application of the system and to improve the quality of modern bridge engineering management and maintenance work.

Integrity Design Strategy in Steel Structure Bridge Design

Nowadays,the scope of bridge construction projects in China is becoming wider,which promotes China's economic development to a large extent and also improves China's transportation system.Meanwhile,people also put forward new requirements for the quality of steel structure bridges.However,in actual design,due to the influence of many fectors,some problems are inevitable,which will affect the integrity of the design.Therefore,the designer needs to fully grasp the possible design problems,and then take efiective measures to improve the integrity of the design scheme,so as to ensure the quality of the steel structure bridge and improves the safety of the steel structure bridge from the fundamentals.This paper mainly focuses on steel structure bridges,analyzed the current status of steel structure bridge types and their selection,and proposes the integrity design strategy of steel structure bridges.

Preservation Strategies of Timber-framed Arch Bridges as Cultural Landscape Heritage

Theoretical study on and safeguarding of cultural landscape heritage has been put on the agenda of heritage protection in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces.The safeguarding of timber-framed arch bridge heritage in the past 5 decades could be classified into 3 stages,and heritage protection in all 3 stages was closely related to original meaning of "landscape",which proved that timber-framed arch bridge heritage had profound inside information,and the safeguarding of timber-framed arch bridge from the perspective of cultural landscape heritage was worth further study.Safeguarding of timber-framed arch bridge cultural landscape heritage focused on integrated conservation,but not protection of individual bridges.Integrated conservation of world heritage is to maintain and restore the integrated environment landscape of the heritage,thus protection of timber-framed arch bridge heritage is not only to explore its architectural craftsmanship,but also to lay a foundation for the dynamic succession of such craftsmanship as intangible cultural heritage.Value of the existing timber-framed arch bridges as historic building heritage was discussed,and it was proposed that ultimate objectives of the safeguarding could be realized step by step from 3 layers.

Developments and Prospects of Long-Span High-Speed Railway Bridge Technologies in China

With the rapid developments of the high-speed railway in China, a great number of long-span bridges have been constructed in order to cross rivers and gorges. At present, the longest main span of a constructed high-speed railway bridge is only 630 m. The main span of Hutong Yangtze River Bridge and of Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge, which are under construction, will be much longer, at 1092 m each. In order to overcome the technical issues that originate from the extremely large dead loading and the relatively small structural stiffness of long-span high-speed railway bridges, many new technologies in bridge construction, design, materials, and so forth have been developed. This paper carefully reviews progress in the construction technologies of multi-function combined bridges in China, including com- bined highway and railway bridges and multi-track railway bridges. Innovations and practices regarding new types of bridge and composite bridge structures, such as bridges with three cable planes and three main trusses, inclined main trusses, slab-truss composite sections, and steel-concrete composite sections, are introduced. In addition, investigations into high-performance materials and integral fabrication and erection techniques for long-span railway bridges are summarized. At the end of the paper, prospects for the future development of long-span high-speed railwav bridges are provided.

Density Functional Approach Based on Numerically Obtained Bridge Functional

The Ornstein Zernike equation is solved with the Rogers Young approximation for bulk hard sphere fluidand Lennard-Jones fluid for several state points. Then the resulted bulk fluid radial distribution function combinedwith the test particle method is employed to determine numerically the function relationship of bridge functional as afunction of indirect correlation function. It is found that all of the calculated points from different phase space statepoints for a same type of fluid collapse onto a same smooth curve. Then the numerically obtained curve is used tosubstitute the analytic expression of the bridge functional as a function of indirect correlation function required in themethodology [J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 8079] to deterrnine the density distribution of non-uniform hard spherefluid and Lennard Jones fluid. The good agreement of theoretical predictions with the computer simulation data isobtained. The present numerical procedure incorporates the knowledge of bulk fluid radial distribution function intothe constructing of the density functional approximation and makes the original methodology more accurate and moreflexible for various interaction potential fluid.

Density Functional Approach Based on Numerically Obtained Bridge Functional

The Ornstein-Zernike equation is solved with the Rogers-Young approximation for bull, hard sphere fluid and Lennard-Jones fluid for several state points. Then the resulted bulk fluid radial distribution function combined with the test particle method is employed to determine numerically the function relationship of bridge functional as a function of indirect correlation function. It is found that all of the calculated points from different phase space state points for a same type of fluid collapse onto a same smooth curve. Then the numerically obtained curve is used to substitute the analytic expression of the bridge functional as a function of indirect correlation function required in the methodology [J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 8079] to determine the density distribution of non-uniform hard sphere fluid and Lennard-Jones fluid. The good agreement of theoretical predictions with the computer simulation data is obtained. The present numerical procedure incorporates the knowledge of bulk fluid radial distribution function into the constructing of the density functional approximation and makes the original methodology more accurate and more flexible for various interaction potential fluid.

Static Load Test Detection of Continuous Rigid- Frame Railway Bridge

The quality of the continuous rigid-frame railway bridge is related to the safety of train operation,so it is necessary to test its stiffness,strength,and other indicators.Static load test is a common technique for bridge inspection.This article summarizes the purpose of the static load test for a continuous rigid-frame railway bridge,including the required equipment,operation methods,etc.,and lists examples to analyze the operation process and precautions of static load test,hoping to provide reference information for relevant personnel.

中西医临床医学专业桥梁课课程思政的设计与实践

立德树人是教育的根本任务,课程思政乃有效发挥课堂育人作用的必然选择,亦是实现“三全育人”的大势所趋。中西医结合临床医学导论课程为中西医临床医学专业的桥梁课之一,蕴含着丰富的思政内容。此文深入挖掘、提炼中西医结合临床医学导论课程中蕴含的思政元素,将社会主义核心价值观、文化传承、理想信念、爱国主义情怀等思政教育目标渗透于课程教学各环节,创新课程思政教学方法,构建课程思政教学质量评价体系,初步实现知识传授与价值引领的有机融合,着力培养德才兼备、全方位发展的中西医结合专业人才。

新工科下基于科教融合的“桥梁工程”教学改革

如何立足新工科思维,开展针对“桥梁工程”的探索性教学改革成为道桥专业人才亟须解决的关键问题。在结合学科特点和当代大学生特征的基础上,深入分析当前桥梁课程教学方式的不足。基于科教融合理念,以“创新工程教育模式”为指引,提出了将工程实践引入教学内容、将科研成果引入教学过程、将科研思维引入教学组织的教改实施路径,并给出“课堂教学催生问题提出”“实践教学推动科研进展”“学科竞赛提升科研质量”等创新理念。成果可为同类课程教学改革提供借鉴。

大跨度桥梁抗震分析中的整体有限元法及其应用

为了研究高烈度区抗震设计中桩土相互作用对大跨度桥梁结构地震反应影响,采用基于虚拟人工边界的整体有限元法来考虑桩土相互作用,并与无桩模型以及我国公路桥梁抗震规范中推荐采用的m法模型得到的结果进行对比分析,在建模分析中采取多尺度建模方法,开展了桩土相互作用对大跨度拱桥地震响应的影响规律以及关键构件局部受力和变形特征研究。结果表明:桩土相互作用将增大计算模型拱座和关键节点的应力和位移响应,建议m法应用于同类型大型桥梁抗震分析时,应考虑合理安全系数以保证强震作用下大跨度拱桥的抗震安全性。

无砟轨道对不同地形下简支梁桥地震反应的影响

研究目的:为研究CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道系统对多跨简支梁桥下部结构地震反应的影响,以32 m简支梁桥为研究对象,分别建立线桥一体化模型与单墩模型,采用反应谱法研究3种典型地形条件下轨道纵向约束效应对桥墩地震反应的影响规律。研究结论:(1)跨越平坦地形时,受轨道系统与端刺的影响,线桥一体化模型的墩底内力呈边界处小、中跨大的抛物线型分布,与单墩模型相比,中跨区域的桥墩处在地震反应放大区;(2)跨越V字形地形时,该区域各墩底内力呈现临界墩底内力显著增大、中跨高墩的墩底内力明显减小的U字形分布特征;(3)跨越Λ字形地形时,该区域各墩底内力呈现以中跨矮墩为中心、且其墩底内力显著增大、相邻墩底内力明显减小的Λ字形分布特征,中跨矮墩在抗震设计时应加以重视;(4)本研究成果可应用于类似典型地形条件下的高速铁路简支梁桥的抗震设计。

马鞍山长江公铁大桥Z3号桥塔施工关键技术

巢马城际铁路马鞍山长江公铁大桥主航道桥为(112+392+2×1120+392+112)m三塔钢桁梁斜拉桥,Z3号桥塔为超高多肢钢-混组合塔,高308 m。上塔柱钢结构高87.5 m,分13个吊装节段,最重505 t;中、下塔柱混凝土结构高217.5 m,分38个节段液压爬模施工;钢-混结合段高3 m,内部采用PBL键+剪力钉+高强度钢锚杆+高强度混凝土结构形式。在中塔柱设置钢管临时横撑控制塔柱线形及应力;下横梁采用落地支架法分层施工,与对应塔柱同步浇筑;钢-混结合段混凝土采用C60细石补偿收缩混凝土+高强度灌浆料,保证了混凝土施工质量;采用工厂“2+1”立体匹配制造、“提升站+运输栈桥”钢塔节段转运等技术,并研制15000 t•m超大型塔吊,实现了钢塔柱大节段的制造、整体滩地运输和吊装;钢塔节段间采用栓焊组合连接形式,通过设置工艺隔板、双面坡口等措施控制了钢塔焊接变形;利用定位桁架临时锁定钢塔合龙段实现了钢塔的精确合龙,定位桁架受力及变形均满足要求。

组织桥接整合因子1、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白基因、核转运蛋白基因2与三阴性乳腺癌术后复发关系

目的探究组织桥接整合因子1(BIN1)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白基因(COL1A1)、核转运蛋白基因2(KPNA2)表达与三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)术后复发关系及联合检测意义。方法选取2019年5月至2020年5月上海市第八人民医院行手术治疗的TNBC病人80例,根据术后2年是否复发分为复发组、未复发组,比较两组临床资料、组织BIN1、COL1A1、KPNA2基因表达,复发的相关影响因素采用单因素与多因素logistic回归分析,组织BIN1、COL1A1、KPNA2基因表达预测术后复发的价值采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析,组织BIN1、COL1A1、KPNA2基因表达与复发时间关系采用Pearson分析,比较不同组织BIN1、COL1A1、KPNA2基因表达病人无复发生存期(RFS)。结果复发组T分期、N分期与未复发组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复发组组织BIN1mRNA表达为0.24±0.07,低于未复发组的0.35±0.10(P<0.05),复发组组织COL1A1mRNA、KPNA2mRNA表达分别为2.07±0.62、2.91±0.84,高于未复发组的1.48±0.43、1.85±0.60(P<0.05);T分期、N分期、COL1A1 mRNA、KPNA2 mRNA均是复发相关独立危险因素,BIN1 mRNA是复发相关独立保护因素(P<0.05);BIN1 mRNA、COL1A1 mRNA、KPNA2 mRNA的AUC分别为0.76、0.80、0.78,三者联合的AUC为0.94;BIN1mRNA与复发时间呈负相关(r=-0.79,P<0.001),COL1A1mRNA、KPNA2mRNA与复发时间呈正相关(r=0.77、0.78,均P<0.001);BIN1mRNA高水平病人RFS长于低水平病人,COL1A1mRNA、KPNA2mRNA高水平病人RFS短于低水平病人(P<0.05)。结论BIN1mRNA、COL1A1mRNA、KPNA2mRNA与TNBC术后复发风险、复发时间有关,联合检测可作为早期预测术后复发的一个可靠方案,为临床治疗提供重要的参考信息。