Many years experience of the operation of high stress (>72% specified minimum yield strength, SMYS) gas pipelines and statistical analysis results of pipeline incidents showed that the operating pipelines at stress...Many years experience of the operation of high stress (>72% specified minimum yield strength, SMYS) gas pipelines and statistical analysis results of pipeline incidents showed that the operating pipelines at stress levels over 72% SMYS have not presented problems in USA and Canada, and design factor does not control incidents or the safety of pipelines. Enhancing pipeline safety management level is most important for decreasing incident rate. The application history of higher design factors in the U.S and Canada was reviewed. And the effect of higher factors to the critical flaw size, puncture resistance, change of reliability with time, risk level and the arrest toughness requirements of pipeline were analyzed here. The comparison of pipeline failure rates and risk levels between two design factors (0.72 and 0.8) has shown that a change in design factor from 0.72 to 0.8 would bring little effect on failure rates and risk levels. On the basis of the analysis result, the application feasibility of design factor of 0.8 in China was discussed and the related suggestions were proposed. When an operator wishes to apply design factor 0.8 to gas pipeline, the following process is recommended: stress level of line pipe hydro test should be up to 100% SMYS, reliability and risk assessment at the design feasibility or conceptual stage should be conducted, Charpy impact energy should meet the need of pipeline crack arrest; and establish and execute risk based integrity management plan. The technology of pipeline steel metallurgy, line pipe fabrication and pipeline construction, and line pipe quality control level in China achieved tremendous progresses, and line pipe product standards and property indexes have come up to international advanced level. Furthermore, pipeline safety management has improved greatly in China. Consequently, the research for the feasibility of application of design factor of 0.8 in China has fundamental basis.展开更多
CO_(2)捕集、利用与封存(CO_(2)Capture, Utilization and Storage, CCUS)技术是减少碳排放的有效手段之一,是实现中国“双碳”目标的重要技术保障,其中CO_(2)管道输送是最重要的一环。从CCUS技术和CO_(2)管道设计两个维度综述了国内外C...CO_(2)捕集、利用与封存(CO_(2)Capture, Utilization and Storage, CCUS)技术是减少碳排放的有效手段之一,是实现中国“双碳”目标的重要技术保障,其中CO_(2)管道输送是最重要的一环。从CCUS技术和CO_(2)管道设计两个维度综述了国内外CO_(2)捕集、CO_(2)运输、CO_(2)封存和CO_(2)利用的研究进展,针对运输过程,着重从工艺设计、杂质、含水量、止裂控制和风险评估等方面梳理了CO_(2)管道设计的研究成果。中国目前正在大力推进CCUS技术,中国石油、中国石化和中国海洋石油等机构分别成立了相关的研究机构,聚焦CCUS发展的各个环节。虽然中国尚处于技术发展的初级阶段,但相信随着科研人员的努力会很快赶超发达国家,跻身第一方阵。研究结果旨在为中国的CCUS技术发展提供参考,促进中国CCUS技术的推广实施和CO_(2)管道的合理设计。展开更多
基金supported by China National Petroleum Corporation Application Fundamental Research Foundation (Grant No. 07A40401)
文摘Many years experience of the operation of high stress (>72% specified minimum yield strength, SMYS) gas pipelines and statistical analysis results of pipeline incidents showed that the operating pipelines at stress levels over 72% SMYS have not presented problems in USA and Canada, and design factor does not control incidents or the safety of pipelines. Enhancing pipeline safety management level is most important for decreasing incident rate. The application history of higher design factors in the U.S and Canada was reviewed. And the effect of higher factors to the critical flaw size, puncture resistance, change of reliability with time, risk level and the arrest toughness requirements of pipeline were analyzed here. The comparison of pipeline failure rates and risk levels between two design factors (0.72 and 0.8) has shown that a change in design factor from 0.72 to 0.8 would bring little effect on failure rates and risk levels. On the basis of the analysis result, the application feasibility of design factor of 0.8 in China was discussed and the related suggestions were proposed. When an operator wishes to apply design factor 0.8 to gas pipeline, the following process is recommended: stress level of line pipe hydro test should be up to 100% SMYS, reliability and risk assessment at the design feasibility or conceptual stage should be conducted, Charpy impact energy should meet the need of pipeline crack arrest; and establish and execute risk based integrity management plan. The technology of pipeline steel metallurgy, line pipe fabrication and pipeline construction, and line pipe quality control level in China achieved tremendous progresses, and line pipe product standards and property indexes have come up to international advanced level. Furthermore, pipeline safety management has improved greatly in China. Consequently, the research for the feasibility of application of design factor of 0.8 in China has fundamental basis.
文摘CO_(2)捕集、利用与封存(CO_(2)Capture, Utilization and Storage, CCUS)技术是减少碳排放的有效手段之一,是实现中国“双碳”目标的重要技术保障,其中CO_(2)管道输送是最重要的一环。从CCUS技术和CO_(2)管道设计两个维度综述了国内外CO_(2)捕集、CO_(2)运输、CO_(2)封存和CO_(2)利用的研究进展,针对运输过程,着重从工艺设计、杂质、含水量、止裂控制和风险评估等方面梳理了CO_(2)管道设计的研究成果。中国目前正在大力推进CCUS技术,中国石油、中国石化和中国海洋石油等机构分别成立了相关的研究机构,聚焦CCUS发展的各个环节。虽然中国尚处于技术发展的初级阶段,但相信随着科研人员的努力会很快赶超发达国家,跻身第一方阵。研究结果旨在为中国的CCUS技术发展提供参考,促进中国CCUS技术的推广实施和CO_(2)管道的合理设计。
