Development of index system for inherently safer process design using an integrated approach

With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently safer design is recognized with time by all stakeholders, and an effective tool is needed to evaluate and compare inherent safety of alternative technologies. This study developed a safety index to evaluate existing technologies for their safety levels and guide inherently safer design. The Integrated Risk-based Safety Index(IRSI) was developed based on a comprehensive review of petrochemical processes, incident cases from Sinopec and US Chemical Safety Board, and existing safety index systems. The IRSI included all major hazards, including fire, explosion,toxic release, dust explosion, physical explosion, and runaway. Also, the integrated life cycle approach considered chemical hazards, equipment failure rates and safety measures in this risk-based index. Advanced modeling techniques, PHAST simulation and Neural Network, were used in the development of three novel sub-indices in the projects, fire, explosion and toxic release. The index system could be easily incorporated into a user friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of hydrogen dioxide was conducted using the IRSI, which showed its capability for evaluating the safety level of process facilities.

Parallel Integrated Model-Driven and Data-Driven Online Transient Stability Assessment Method for Power System

More and more uncertain factors in power systems and more and more complex operation modes of power systems put forward higher requirements for online transient stability assessment methods.The traditional modeldriven methods have clear physical mechanisms and reliable evaluation results but the calculation process is time-consuming,while the data-driven methods have the strong fitting ability and fast calculation speed but the evaluation results lack interpretation.Therefore,it is a future development trend of transient stability assessment methods to combine these two kinds of methods.In this paper,the rate of change of the kinetic energy method is used to calculate the transient stability in the model-driven stage,and the support vector machine and extreme learning machine with different internal principles are respectively used to predict the transient stability in the data-driven stage.In order to quantify the credibility level of the data-driven methods,the credibility index of the output results is proposed.Then the switching function controlling whether the rate of change of the kinetic energy method is activated or not is established based on this index.Thus,a newparallel integratedmodel-driven and datadriven online transient stability assessment method is proposed.The accuracy,efficiency,and adaptability of the proposed method are verified by numerical examples.

Spatial Distribution of Integrated Impact Index of Mega-event——A Case Study of Expo '99 Kunming

Taking the affinity between events and media as a conceptualization base, a total of 1032 related news re-ports of Expo '99 Kunming, gathered from the internet data bank of China INFOBANK from 1992 to 2003, are used as data sources. After classifying them with a communication research method-the content analysis, a data bank for SPSS is set up, and a mathematic model called the Integrated Impact Index of Expo '99 Kunming is constituted. With the model, the spatial distribution of the total integrated impacts of Expo '99 Kunming on the regions or cities with different regional scales is analysed quantitatively. The conclusions are: 1) the Expo '99 Kunming made obvious integrated impacts on the regions or cities of every scale, especially in the venue city and the region-Kunming City and Yunnan Province; 2) it had corresponding impacts on other provinces; 3) the spatial distribution of Integrated Impact Index had a disaggregation with both plane extension and spotted decentralization; and 4) there was a distance decay law in all three scales of regions (Kunming City, Yunnan Province and the whole China), which incarnated the spatial extension law of the integrated impact of a special mega-event.

Comprehensive Characterization Model of Integrated Cotton Fiber Quality Index

An integrated cotton fiber quality index(ICFQI) model with cotton fiber qualities which can directly express cotton fiber integrated quality and spinning yarn quality was studied.The fiber length,strength,Micronaire(fiber fineness and fiber maturity),uniformity of fiber length,and short fiber content are the pivotal indexes expressing ICFQI.All of the results above are the basic knowledge to build up the models of ICFQI.According to spinning consistency index(SCI),spinning strength and spinning yarn integrated quality,ICFQI was the best choice.As the methods of ICFQI had quite a lot of advantages like explicit mechanism,few independent variables.The integrated fiber quality index had a significant positive correlation with yarn strength and spinning consistency,significant negative correlation with yarn evenness and yarn thin places.In additional,the model of the relationship between ICFQI and SCI was established as:SCI= 0.2356·ICFQI+56.153.It was concluded that ICFQI value was the shared reference index for the testing of fiber inspection agency and the selection and distribution of raw cotton bales by textile mills.

Development of an Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Ivorian Coast in West Africa

This study assesses the vulnerable state of the 566-km Ivorian coastal area using the physical (geomorphology, coastal slope, coastal retreat rate, relative sea level rise and wave/Tide energy) and socio-economic (coastal population density, harbor, airport, road, land use and protected area) factors as indicators. This enabled an Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index to be determined for the Ivorian coastal zone. This Index could be defined as the weighted average of indexes based on physical and socio-economic factors. The study revealed that vulnerability of the western and the eastern coastlines of Cote d’Ivoire are strongly influenced by human activities, while physical forcing affects significantly the vulnerability of the central section. The relative vulnerability of the different sections depends also strongly on the geomorphology, wave energy, coastal population density and land use factors. The west and central sections of the coastline are more resilient than the eastern section when integrating physical and socio-economic factors. The Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index, based on physical and socio-economic factors, appears to be more appropriate for coastal vulnerability assessment. These results could be useful in the development of adaptation strategies to increase the resilience of this coastal area and then extended for West Africa Coastal Areas Management.

Parameters Sensitivity Characteristics of Highly Integrated Valve-Controlled Cylinder Force Control System

Nowadays, a highly integrated valve?controlled cylinder(HIVC) is applied to drive the joints of legged robots. Although the adoption of HIVC has resulted in high?performance robot control, the hydraulic force system still has problems, such as strong nonlinearity, and time?varying parameters. This makes HIVC force control very diffcult and complex. How to improve the control performance of the HIVC force control system and find the influence rule of the system parameters on the control performance is very significant. Firstly, the mathematical model of HIVC force control system is established. Then the mathematical expression for parameter sensitivity matrix is obtained by applying matrix sensitivity analysis(PSM). Then, aimed at the sinusoidal response under(three factors and three levels) working conditions, the simulation and the experiment are conducted. While the error between the simulation and experiment can’t be avoided. Therefore, combined with the range analysis, the error in the two performance indexes of sinusoidal response under the whole working condition is analyzed. Besides, the sensitivity variation pattern for each system parameter under the whole working condition is figured out. Then the two sensitivity indexes for the three system parameters, which are supply pressure, proportional gain and initial displacement of piston, are proved experimentally. The proposed method significantly reveals the sensitivity characteristics of HIVC force control system, which can make the contribution to improve the control performance.

INTEGRATED VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPINGUSING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

NOAA-AVHRR data have been more and more used by scientists because of its short temporal resolution,large scope, inexpensive cost and broad wave bands. On macro and middle scale of vegetation remote sensing, NOAAAVHRR possesses an advantage when compared with other satellites. However, because NOAA-AVHRR also problem of low resolution, data distortion and geometrical distortion, in the area of application of NOAA-AVHRR in largescale vegetation - mapping, the accuracy of vegetation classification should be improved. This paper discuss the feasibilityof integrating the geographic data in GIS(Geographical Information System) and remotely sensed data in GIS. Under theenvironment of GIS, temperature, precipitation and elevation, which serve as main factors affecting vegetation growth,were processed by a mathematical model and qualified into geographic image under a certain grid system. The geographicimage were overlaid to the NOAA-AVHRR data which had been compressed and processed. In order to evaluate the usefulness of geographic data for vegetation classification, the area under study was digitally classified by two groups of interpreter: the proposed methodology using maximum likelihood classification assisted by the geographic database and a conventional maximum likelihood classification only. Both result were compared using Kappa statistics. The indices to both theproposed and the conventional digital classification methodology were 0. 668(yew good) and 0. 563(good), respetively.The geographic database rendered an improvement over the conventional digital classification. Furthermore, in this study,some problems related to multi-sources data integration are also discussed.

Integrated energy efficiency evaluation of a multi-source multi-load desalination micro-energy network

With increasing global shortage of fresh water resources,many countries are prioritizing desalination as a means of utilizing abundantly available seawater resources.Integrated energy efficiency evaluation is a scientific method for the quantitative analysis of energy efficiency based on multiple indicators and is very useful for investment,construction,and scientific decision-making for desalination projects.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation of the micro energy network (MEN) of desalination for multi-source and multi-load is studied,and the basic idea of comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation is analyzed.The process includes the use of a MEN model to establish an integrated energy efficiency evaluation index system,taking into consideration energy,equipment,economic,environmental,and social factors.A combined evaluation method considering subjective and objective comprehensive weights for multi-source multi-load desalination MENs is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of desalination and from multiple perspectives.

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

Integration of Geological, Geophysical and Seismological Data for Seismic Hazard Assessment Using Spatial Matching Index

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) takes into account as much data as possible for defining the initial seismic source zone model. In response to this, an algorithm has been developed for integration of geological, geophysical and seismological data through a spatial index showing the presence or absence of a potential seismic source feature in the input data. The spatial matching index (SMI) is calculated to define the coincidence of independent data showing any indications for existence of a fault structure. It is applied for hazard assessment of Bulgaria through quantification of the seismic potential of 416 square blocks, 20 × 20 km in size covering the entire territory of Bulgaria and extended by 20 km outside of the country borders. All operations are carried out in GIS environment using its capabilities to work with different types of georeferenced spatial data. Results show that the highest seismic potential (largest SMI) is observed in 56 block elements (13% of the territory) clearly delineating cores of the source zones. Partial match is registered in 98 block elements when one of the features is missing. Not any evidence for earthquake occurrence is predicted by our calculation in 117 elements, comprising 28% of the examined area. The quantitative parameter for spatial data integration which is obtained in the present research may be used to analyze information regardless of its type and purpose.

Integrated Assessment of Mineral Resources and Environmentin Mid-South of Shandong Province

On the bases of the field survey and a large number of testing data, we process the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mine environment in the mid south of Shandong Province using the following grade Ⅰ factors:the surface subsidence in mining area, the three wastes of mine industries, the pollution sources, the surface water pollution, the underground water pollution and the air pollution. By means of emitting factor judgment and water quality indexes, we locate pollution sources, main pollutants, pollution type and pollution grade in the study area. Using the MAPGIS, we draw a zonality map of the mine environment. This paper attempts to offer a concrete example, including valuable assessment method, data and conclusion, for the assessment of mine environment from the integrated assessment of mineral resources and mine environment. This research is oriented towards the sustainable development and the ecological environment optimization.

FIXED POINT INDEXES AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO NONLINEAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS MODELLING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

In this paper the fixed point index problem for a class of positive operators with boundary control conditions is discussed,and some sufficient conditions for the fixed pointindex to be equal to1 or 0 are given.Moreover,a general fixed point theorem of expansions and compressions for cone is obtained,which generalizes and improves the corresponding results of[3,8,9].As an application,we utilize the results presented above to study the existence conditions of positive solutions of nonlinear integral equations modelling infectious diseases.

A new hybrid method with data‑characteristic‑driven analysis for artificial intelligence and robotics index return forecasting

Forecasting returns for the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Index is of great significance for financial market stability,and the development of the artificial intelligence industry.To provide investors with a more reliable reference in terms of artificial intelligence index investment,this paper selects the NASDAQ CTA Artificial Intelligence and Robotics(AIRO)Index as the research target,and proposes innovative hybrid methods to forecast returns by considering its multiple structural characteristics.Specifically,this paper uses the ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD)method and the modified iterative cumulative sum of squares(ICSS)algorithm to decompose the index returns and identify the structural breakpoints.Furthermore,it combines the least-square support vector machine approach with the particle swarm optimization method(PSO-LSSVM)and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(GARCH)type models to construct innovative hybrid forecasting methods.On the one hand,the empirical results indicate that the AIRO index returns have complex structural characteristics,and present time-varying and nonlinear characteristics with high complexity and mutability;on the other hand,the newly proposed hybrid forecasting method(i.e.,the EEMD-PSO-LSSVM-ICSS-GARCH models)which considers these complex structural characteristics,can yield the optimal forecasting performance for the AIRO index returns.

Integrated Evaluation and Its Application on Decision-Making of Comprehensive Transportation Projects

The comprehensive transportation project involves with many different transportation methods, such as railway, highway, waterway, airline, and pipeline, which have their special characteristics. To evaluate the transporta- tion project with different transportation methods under the same system, the integrated evaluation method should be built up on the basis of a common index system. This paper suggests a feasible integrated evaluation method including index system establishing, indices transacting, the index weight distributing, and weighted value integrating.

街道的空间整合度与风场耦合性及其优化研究——以武汉市为例

为研究街道形态影响行人的步行可达性和通风效能,采用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟与空间句法Depth map模拟相结合的方法,探究街道形态风场特征与空间整合度的耦合性关系,总结耦合性规律,得到结论:(1)中间左右错位式的通风效果最明显,但是整合度明显低于前后对齐并列式;(2)建筑前后错接式的通风效果最明显,但是整合度最低;(3)建筑前后错位式的整合度最高,显著高于前后对齐并列式,但是通风效果最差;(4)长街道界面的通风效果较好,但是整合度最低,短街道界面的整合度最高。通过优化街道空间形态,调整建筑形态、建筑布局、沿街界面等措施,使街道活跃度和通风风场相叠合,为行人的步行环境创造良好的通风气候环境。

基于氧化应激生物标志物的抗生素制药废水生态风险评价

近年来我国制药产业发展迅速,由此产生了大量的制药废水。制药废水尤其是抗生素制药废水的排放,对水环境造成了潜在威胁。以石家庄市某制药厂达标排放的抗生素制药废水为研究对象,将斑马鱼暴露于不同浓度的抗生素制药废水中(体积分数为10%、40%、70%),分别于第3、6、9、12、15天测定斑马鱼肌肉组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和磷酸化组蛋白H2AX(γ-H2AX)6项氧化应激生物标志物的活性或含量,并基于生物标志物测定结果计算基于改进的综合生物标志物响应指数(IBR v2)以评价其生态风险。结果表明:抗生素制药废水的胁迫使斑马鱼肌肉组织产生了氧化应激反应,但不同实验组之间的响应时间存在差异,暴露第6天时,70%实验组的ROS含量、CAT活性、GSH含量、MDA含量和γ-H2AX含量均较对照组发生了显著的变化(p<0.001),响应时间早于10%和40%实验组,表明高浓度抗生素制药废水胁迫能够快速诱导斑马鱼产生氧化应激反应;基于6项肌肉组织氧化应激生物标志物的IBR v2值计算结果显示,达标排放的抗生素制药废水仍具有较高的环境风险,且高浓度的制药废水产生的生态风险更加快速和持久。本研究可为抗生素制药废水生态风险评价和相关排放标准的制定和完善提供参考。

一种新型结构与保温一体化复合墙板节点试验

为解决复合墙板节点常见的保温板易燃、易脱落等棘手问题,并使其抗震性能良好。给出了一种新型的结构与保温一体化陶粒混凝土T型复合墙板节点。该复合墙板节点具有夹芯独特构造优势,主要表现在绿色节能,轻质高强,力学性能好,保温系统连接可靠,还能杜绝火灾的发生。通过对T型复合墙板节点进行抗震试验,分别研究了其滞回性能、破坏机理、承载及变形能力、延性、耗能、损伤等。结果表明:一体化复合墙板节点的破坏顺序为腹板-翼缘-节点核心区;薄弱位置主要发生在腹板脚部,混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯等;节点核心区受力相对良好,安全储备充足;符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求和墙板革新发展政策。延性系数大于3,墙板节点安全性能良好。通过损伤指标评估分析,了解了试件各阶段工作状态。

数智时代出版融合发展评价指标体系研究

出版融合是媒介融合的衍生,是媒体融合在出版领域的具体部署。从制造业逻辑到服务业逻辑,进入数智时代,出版融合发展在媒介认知上从媒介化转向去媒介化,在目标上由追求量的扩张转向追求质的精细,在技术态度上由技术崇拜转向技术审视。本文交叉使用两种解构思路,将数智时代出版融合发展拆解为内容融合、形式融合、渠道融合和体制融合,将出版融合发展的行动者网络抽象为作为推动者的政府、作为践行者的出版单位和作为动力源的受众,最终构建起包括1大目标、4大准则和15项操作指标的数智时代出版融合发展评价指标体系。