Technical Points of Green Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Pests in Lixian Rhubarb(Rheum palmatum L.)

Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.

Major Diseases and Pests of Blueberry in Guizhou Province and Progress in Their Prevention and Control

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve,the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province,along with the corresponding control measures,in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers.

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Vegetable Diseases and Pests in Shandong Province

An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.

Integrated Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Strawberry

In order to effectively deal with the problems of diseases and insect pests in the growth process of strawberry and to improve the quality and yield of strawberry,the main diseases and insect pests in strawberry cultivation such as powdery mildew,gray mold,anthracnose,red stele root rot,calcium deficiency,salt or fertilizer damage,aphids,red spiders,thrips,grubs,etc.and their identification methods were analyzed.The comprehensive pollution-free prevention and control techniques of these pests and diseases were explored,in order to provide technical guidance for high quality,efficient and harmless production of strawberry.

Species and Control Techniques of Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Camellia oleifera in Anhui Province

[Objectives]The paper was to master the species,incidence regularity and control techniques of main diseases and insect pests of Camellia oleifera in Anhui Province.[Methods]The species of main diseases and insect pests of C.oleifera in major C.oleifera afforestation bases and seedling bases in Anhui Province were investigated through field survey and literature search.Afterwards,the symptom characteristics,occurrence regularity and harms of diseases and insect pests were analyzed,and scientific and reasonable control techniques were put forward.[Results]The main diseases of C.oleifera in Anhui Province were soft rot disease,blister blight,anthracnose,sooty blotch,etc.,and the main insect pests were Euproctis pseudoconspersa,Biston marginata,Hypomeces squamosus,Curculio chinensts,Chrenoma atritarsis,etc.The control techniques mainly included ecological regulation,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control.[Conclusions]The results will promote the high-quality development of C.oleifera industry in Anhui Province,and contribute to the improvement of China s edible vegetable oil supply and national grain and oil security.

Occurrence and Epidemic Dynamics and Accurate Prevention and Control of Important Sugarcane Pests and Diseases in the Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan

Based on investigation and research, according to the current actual production of sugarcane, the occurrence dynamics and outbreak causes of important pests and diseases that seriously affect sugarcane production were summarized, and accurate and efficient green prevention and control technology was put forward according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of important pests and diseases, such as strengthening sugarcane introduction and quarantine, breeding and selecting varieties resistant to diseases and pests, promoting the use of detoxified healthy seedlings vigorously, applying lamp trapping technology on a large scale, scientifically guiding and promoting biological prevention and control technology, practically promoting the precise and efficient application of slow-release long- acting and low toxic pesticides, strengthening field management, spraying pesticides in time at the early stage of a disease, and doing a good job of monitoring and emergency prevention and control of sudden pests.

Occurrence Characteristics,Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases of Tropical Outdoor Cultivated Rosa chinensis

According to the hazards and occurrence characteristics of major diseases of Rosa chinensis, such as powdery mildew, branch canker and black spot, and major pests such as mites, aphids, thrips and Lepidoptera, prevention and control of the diseases and pests should be based on pruning, garden cleaning, water and fertilizer management, and chemical control can be applied as the supplement. Suitable prevention and control measures should be adopted for preventing the disea- ses and pests scientifically.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Diseases and Pests in Nanchong City

This paper introduced the main types of peanut pests and diseases in Nanchong City,and proposed green prevention and control technical measures for the reference of local growers.

Integrated Control of Diseases and Pests of Horticultural Crops

In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecological system,agricultural,biological,physical and chemical means should be comprehensively applied to control diseases and pests below the economic injury level.

Green Prevention and Control Technology against Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Facility Tomato

In recent years,with the increasing planting area of facility tomato,diseases and insect pests such as tomato grey mold(Botrytis cinerea),early blight(Alternaria solani),late blight(Phytophthora infestans),and whitefly(Trialeurodes uaporariorum) occur frequently,causing severe harms and difficulties in prevention and control.In order to ensure the normal production of facility tomato and improve the yield and quality of tomato,the corresponding prevention and control measures are put forward according to the regularity of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and the characteristics of facility environment,which has certain guiding significance for agricultural production.

Occurrence and Damage Characteristics of Sugarcane Catastrophic Diseases and Pests in Menglian Sugarcane Area and Their Prevention and Control Strategies

In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.

Prevention and Controll of Diseases and Pest Damages of Siraitia grosvenori

[Objective] The aim was to develop prevention and control approaches of diseases and pests of Siraitia grosvenori. [Method] Long-term observation was con- ducted on cultivation methods of Siraitia grosvenori in the gardens in Longjiang Vil- lage of Yongfu County to conclude the prevention methods. [Result] Siraitia grosvenori yield can be reduced by nine diseases, such as root knot nematode dis- ease, and eight pests, such as Brachytrupes portentosus. [Conclusion] It would be effective for prevention of diseases and pests and guarantee quality and yield of Luohan guo to manage the gardens dominated by biological control and supple- mented by pesticide as per crop rotation.

Evidence-based optimization of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapies for prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease： design and implementation

As a chronic disease that seriously endangers public health, the number of coronary heart disease （CHD） patients in China has increased in recent years. There is great potentiality to integrate traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapies to prevent and treat CHD in clinical practice. However, most of the current integrated therapies still lack sufficient high-quality evidence, and the key links in how to apply are unclear. It is urgent to optimize them through evidence-based research to further improve the effectiveness. Therefore, we propose strategies to conduct evidence-based optimization of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapies in prevention and treatment of progressive cardiovascular diseases. These are integrated clinical trial design, attention to the key links of taking effect, combination of clinical and basic research. Based on the strategies, we started the national key research and development project ＂Evidence-based optimization research of TCM therapies in prevention and treatment of CHD （angina pectoris - myocardial infarction - heart failure）＂, which is expected to be a new paradigm in the field.

甘肃省梨主要病虫害综合防治技术规程

为促进甘肃省梨产业健康高效发展,根据国家及行业标准,结合多年试验和生产实践,从适用范围、规范性引用文件、防治原则以及农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等方面总结制定了甘肃省梨主要病虫害综合防治技术规程。本规程的制定将为甘肃省梨树病虫害的综合防控提供了有力的技术支撑,进而促进甘肃梨产业高质量绿色标准化生产。

基于蔬菜生产中沼肥的综合应用

当前,随着我国城市化进程的不断深入和农业产业的升级,促使生态农业发展呈现出逐年扩张的态势。蔬菜产业作为生态农业中重要的组成部分,其生产培育标准也日趋严格。在蔬菜生产过程中,经由厌氧发酵后所形成的沼液和沼渣,可将大量的病菌虫卵杀除,既实现了沼肥的无害化处理,又能有效的提升培育土壤的肥力。在此基础上,随着化肥用量的大幅降低,也使得富含丰富营养的沼肥在提升蔬菜作物抗病能力的同时,种植与培育成本得以降低。对此,本文以蔬菜生产中的沼液、沼渣等沼肥作为研究对象,对沼肥的成分及特性加以概述。随后,对蔬菜生产中的沼肥的综合应用做出探讨。通过本文的分析与研究,以期对蔬菜生产中沼肥综合应用程度的提升,提供可供参考与借鉴的内容。

玉米中后期病虫害控害增效药剂组合筛选

为了一体化防控玉米中后期病虫害,在玉米大喇叭口期至抽雄期,应用植保无人机,优化广谱、内吸传导性强、持效期长的杀菌剂与杀虫剂,并与微肥、飞防增效剂混配,开展了玉米中后期病虫害控害增效药剂组合筛选试验。结果表明,17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂900 mL/hm^(2)+40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂180 g/hm^(2)+氨基酸液肥495 mL/hm^(2)+迈飛飞防专用增效剂300 mL/hm^(2)组合、43%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂360 mL/hm^(2)+40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂180 g/hm^(2)+氨基酸液肥495 mL/hm^(2)+迈飛飞防专用增效剂300 mL/hm^(2)组合,对玉米大斑病、灰斑病的防治效果为79.8%~88.2%,对玉米螟、双斑萤叶甲的防治效果为92.3%~94.3%,增产率达15.2%,一次施药可达到防病、防虫、增产的效果。

几种喷雾助剂对小麦病虫害防治农药减量增效的试验

通过使用喷雾助剂对农药减量增效试验,验证和评价助剂迈飞、农建飞、奇功对药剂防治小麦病虫害减药增效的效果,为其推广应用提供科学依据。结果表明,常规用药量80%加入推荐用量的奇功助剂使用电动喷雾器常量喷雾,药效显著高于常规用药量,减药增效效果显著,但与常规用药量加入推荐用量的奇功助剂之间药效差异不显著;常规用药量80%加入推荐用量的迈飞和农建飞助剂采用无人机低容量喷雾,药效显著高于常规用药量,减药增效作用显著,但与常规用药量加入推荐用量的迈飞和农建飞助剂之间药效差异不显著。可见,常规用药量80%加入3种助剂,对小麦病虫害的防效相对较好,达到了减药增效的目的,可以在生产实际中推广应用。

寡糖联合淡紫紫孢菌对化学杀线剂防治烤烟根结线虫病效果的影响

为更好地控制烟草根结线虫的危害,降低化学杀线剂的用量,将寡糖免疫诱导剂与噻唑膦、阿维菌素及淡紫紫孢菌协同使用进行田间小区试验,研究其对烟草根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明,壳寡糖15 L/hm^(2)、几丁寡糖15 L/hm^(2)分别与噻唑膦22.5 kg/hm^(2)协同使用,对烟草根结线虫的防治效果高于噻唑膦单独使用效果。相对防效由噻唑膦单独使用的45.20%分别提高到64.42%和65.38%。进一步试验发现,几丁寡糖1 kg/hm^(2)、淡紫紫孢菌15 kg/hm^(2)及噻唑膦16.875 kg/hm^(2)(减少25%)协同使用,对烟草根结线虫病相对防效及对烟草生长总体效应优于与噻唑膦正常用量(22.5 kg/hm^(2))组和噻唑膦减少50%(11.25 kg/hm^(2))组合效果。寡糖诱导剂单独或与淡紫紫孢菌协同使用,显著提高了噻唑膦对烟草根结线虫病的防治效果,减少了农药使用量,为烟草根结线虫病害的防控提供了一种新的技术手段。

册亨县香蕉主要病虫害调查

香蕉产业是册亨县乡村振兴的重要产业之一。随着香蕉种植的规模化发展,香蕉病虫害发生加重。本研究在2021—2023年对册亨县岩架镇、高洛街道、丫他镇香蕉病虫害的种类、分布及发生危害情况进行了调查。调查结果显示,册亨县香蕉主要病虫害有12种,其中:病害5种,分别是枯萎病、叶斑病、黑星病、炭疽病和软腐病;虫害有7种,分别是冠网蝽、象甲、花蓟马、褐足角胸叶甲、交脉蚜、斜纹夜蛾和弄蝶。通过调查,本文总结了册亨县12种主要香蕉病虫害的危害症状和危害程度,并提出了综合防控技术,以期为广大香蕉种植户提供参考。