SWOT Analysis and Challenges of Nile Basin Initiative:An Integrated Water Resource Management Perspective

River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and Uganda.As of today,the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries.The Nile Basin Initiative(NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development,improved land use practices and management.This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats(SWOT) based on secondary data.The result of the review revealed that for decades,the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental,social,economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water.The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries,non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country.It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners;developing curriculum in the education sector.The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank,lack of sufficient staff,procedural and policies conflicts,lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization.Considering the complex nature of the project,it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects.The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin.Moreover,livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable,applicable,economically viable and affordable.

Improving Water Quantity and Quality Supply Security by Managed Artificial Recharge Technologies in the Lower Llobregat Aquifers Integrated into a Conjunctive Surface and Groundwater Management Scheme for Barcelona,Spain

The large concentration of human population,industry and services in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona has to confront scarce water resources,serious seasonal and inter-annual variations and quality deficiencies in the sources.A large fraction of these water resources are in the medium-size Llobregat River basin and the remaining ones correspond to a surface water transfer,seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation.Groundwater dominated water resources availability before 1950.Afterwards,water supply has evolved progressively to integrated water resources management,which includes serious water quality concerns to deal with population density,river pollution,seawater intrusion in the main aquifer,and brine generation in the mid Llobregat basin due to old mining of saline minerals.The role of the alluvial aquifers has progressively evolved from being the main water source to reserve storage to cope with seasonal and drought water resources availability.River-enhanced recharge and artificial recharge are needed to assure enough groundwater storage before surface water becomes scarce and/or suffers a serious temporal loss of quality.Enhanced river recharge started in 1950.Treated river water injection in dual-purpose wells was put into operation in the early 1970s.Basin and pond recharge was added later,as well as a deep well injection barrier along the coast to reduce seawater intrusion and to allow increased groundwater abstraction in moments of water scarcity.There is a progressive evolution from solving water quantity problems to consideration of water quality improvement during recharge,with attention to emergent concern pollutants in river water and in reclaimed water to be considered for artificial recharge.Improvement of artificial recharge operation activities has been introduced and research is being carried out on the difficult behavior to degrade organic pollutants during infiltration and in the terrain.This paper presents the different activities carried out and presents the research activities,and comments on the economic,social and administrative issues involved as well.

Torrential flood prevention in the Kolubara river basin

One of the most vulnerable parts to natural hazards in Serbia is Kolubara river basin. In the past, during the period from 1929 to 2013, 121 torrential flood events in the Kolubara river basin were recorded which show that this territory is extremely vulnerable to the torrential floods. The extreme event which occurred in May 2014 causing the catastrophic material damages and casualties was the latest and historical flood. The analysis of natural conditions in the Kolubara basin uniformly showed that this area is predisposed to a greater number of torrential floods due to its geomorphological, hydrological and land use properties. Torrential floods are closely related to the intensity and spatial distribution of erosive processes in the upper part of the Kolubara basin. The estimation of soil erosion potential is generally achieved by Erosion Potential Model(EPM). For the purposes of determining the degree of torrential properties in various water streams in the Kolubara basin, the calculation ofsusceptibility to torrential floods was assessed by Flash Flood Potential Index(FFPI). More than half of the basin area(57.2%) is located within the category of very weak and weak erosion(Z_(sr) = 0.35), but the category of medium erosion is geospatially very common. Such a distribution of medium erosion category provides conditions for generating, i.e. production of sediment which would boost torrential properties of water streams. After the classification of the obtained FFPI values it was determined that 25% of the Kolubara basin is very susceptible to torrents and this data should be seriously taken into consideration. Based on the analyses, the best and most successful manner of defence is prevention which consists of the integrated river basin management system(integrated torrent control system) so that technical works in hydrographic networks of torrents and biological and biotechnical works on the slope of the basin would be the best solution. Permanent control of erosive and torrential processes in the river basin will be not only important for flood control but it can also protect the existing and future water reservoirs and retentions fromsiltation with erosion sediment which is of great significance to the water management, agriculture, energy sector, and the entire society.

新形势下黄河的治理方略

在阐述近代以来治黄对策和黄河“水少沙多”等问题基础上,提出新形势下黄河下游宽河段治理方略为“三堤共存、槽滩共治”,即以靠溜河道工程为依托,将生产堤改建成坚固的防护堤作为第一道防线,由大堤及其防护工程构成第二道防线,将大堤到控导工程的道路加固成格堤,按“平顺护弯、以弯导流”原则整治河槽,同时在整治工程对岸滩区边沿建护滩工程;对窄河段只需局部扩宽即可大幅提升过洪能力,另需将其中明显碍洪工程进行改造或拆除,解放相关滞洪区并降低宽河段滩区行洪要求。减少入黄沙量的治本之策为采用工程措施与新工艺新材料淤地坝修筑技术,改变水土严重流失区的侵蚀地理环境,结合近自然修复良性生态治理技术,主动拦减流域沟坡产沙并永续发挥生态效益。尽早建成古贤与黑山峡水利枢纽,并激发三门峡这一骨干工程的调控作用,共同构建黄河水沙调控体系的主体构架,建立全河水沙调控及水资源优化配置机制,确保全河水沙关系协调,遏制宁蒙等河段河情恶化势头。为解决黄河下游水少问题,应恢复黄河、汶河洪水进出东平湖条件及南四湖洪水入黄功能,将沿黄已建和拟建平原水库连通,发挥水资源调配作用;若在南水北调中线工程以东修建“河南运河”,黄河下游段即成邻近流域排洪入海通道,将其灾害水变成黄河下游冲沙、灌溉及生态用水;实施“川水济黄、藏水补川”工程,实属关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。

抗御永定河特大洪水的实践与思考

2023年海河流域发生60年来最大流域性特大洪水,永定河发生特大洪水。基于5年来永定河综合治理与生态修复成效及新型流域治理管理机制,复盘海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水应对情况,全面检视永定河流域防洪体系运用情况,科学评价流域治理工作中的薄弱环节,以期为永定河流域灾后恢复重建及北方缺水型河流防洪体系建设与综合治理提供参考。

流域水资源和生态环境综合治理启示--千岛湖及新安江流域案例

流域生态综合治理对推动流域生态文明建设具有重要意义。文章基于浙江千岛湖及新安江流域水资源与生态环境保护项目,对其在流域水环境综合治理中获得的成果及经验进行总结,并对后续流域生态综合治理提出建议。研究表明,项目采用SWAT模型进行污染特征识别,明确了主要污染形式及来源,给出了针对性生态修复意见,提高了综合治理效率。进而以小流域治理为单元,通过农业面源污染控制、森林生态系统修复、水资源管理等工作修复了流域生态系统。同时,基于《新安江流域水环境补偿协议》及千岛湖水基金,构建了多元化的流域生态补偿机制,为全国生态补偿体系贡献了浙江经验。

数字孪生钱塘江建设探索与实践研究

智慧水利建设是实现水利高质量发展的重要路径和显著标志,数字孪生水利是推进智慧水利建设的核心和关键。按照水利部强化流域治理管理和推进数字孪生流域建设工作部署,浙江省钱塘江流域中心聚焦钱塘江流域治理管理实际需求和实现业务“四预”核心功能,围绕建设机制、数据底板、关键技术和业务应用等积极探索数字孪生流域建设,取得的经验和成效对其他数字孪生流域建设具有一定借鉴意义。

山东淄博小清河水系孝妇河流域治水路径探索

小清河水系孝妇河流域在流域水环境、水安全、水资源、水生态的不同阶段,因时制宜、因势利导、因情施策,通过“治”污水、“束”河水、“长”管水、“数”赋水、“联”碧水、“造”福水的治水管水路径,极大推动了流域内水的协同治理和涉水效益的“帕累托最优”,实现了水生态环境保护与经济社会高质量发展的同频共振,有力推动了城市进入拥河发展新阶段。

章江流域生态环境现状分析与综合治理

为保护章江流域水质,对生态环境质量现状进行分析,指出流域水环境治理亟待加强、流域水生态与修复任重道远、流域水生态环境风险依然较高、生态环境治理能力建设亟待完善、生物多样性保护压力较大等问题。提出了完善水环境监测体系、提升水生态环境治理能力、推进采矿区污染控制及风险防控、实施章江流域生态修复工程和水环境综合治理等建议,对提高章江流域各县(区)环境管理水平具有指导意义。

南方县级流域综合治理模式探索——以黄梅县为例

以流域为单元,统筹生产、生活、生态,推进山水林田湖草以及路和村庄的系统性综合治理已成为新时代流域治理的主旋律。结合县级流域综合治理规划编制研究和实践成果,以问题为导向,系统制定流域综合治理思路、方案及措施,并归纳总结经验和方法,探索可复制、可推广的南方县级流域综合治理模式。

国家文化数字化下乡村文化旅游产业发展——以西安市鄂邑区黄河流域乡村为例

党的二十大报告对于加快建设数字中国、实施国家文化数字化战略作出了重要部署,明确提出"加快发展数字经济,促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合"乡村旅游是促进民营经济和县域经济突破和发展的关键,也是推动产业结构调整和转型升级的关键。并且社会各界对黄河流域治理的关注度较大,在产学研界关于黄河治理的研究成果丰硕,并且黄河流域附近村庄的治理改进从产业兴旺、文化传承、生态修复、乡村治理等不同视角对黄河流域的乡村振兴进行了大量的理论研究,为本项目的研究和开展实施打下了良好的理论支撑。但是,与东部地区相比,西部地区的乡村文化旅游在发展过程中尚存在一系列的问题仍然存在一些问题还未解决。党的十九届六中全会提出,要通过发展工业来促进农村经济的发展,让农民过上更好的生活。因此,在黄河流域治理和乡村振兴战略要求下,研究探讨西安市鄂邑区在文旅产业融合发展方面存在的主要问题,并提出有针对性的意见和建议,对促进文旅产业高质量发展具有重要的意义。

Decision support for integrated river basin management—Scientific research challenges

Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific support,as well as institutional accommodation,to successfully implement it.This paper overviews the major challenges with IRBM,the promising scientific approaches for the implementation of IRBM,and the areas of needed research,with considerable issues and experiences from China.It is expected that novel research will draw together disparate disciplines into an integrated scientific framework,upon which better modeling tools,stakeholder involvement,and decision-making support can be built.Cutting-edge new technologies will bring ideas of IRBM forward to theory and finally to practice.The paper will prompt scientists to undertake research to fill in the gaps in the current IRBM knowledge base and provide practitioners guidance on how to incorporate scientifically based information within the IRBM decision process.

Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas:a case of Shenzhen,China

The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development.This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management(IRBM)using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example,which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world.Over the past 20 years,China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries,which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge.However,the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development,with only 32.7%of sewage in the district being treated.Currently,every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards,which further aggravated the water shortages of the region.Thus,an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area.The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making,lack of enforcement with redundant plans,weak management capacity,financial inadequacy,and a poor system of stakeholder participation.In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region,corresponding measures are put forward,including an increase of power given to sub-district offices,fewer but more feasible plans,capacity building among stakeholders,a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy,and profound reform in the public participation system.The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.

张含英生态治黄思想及其现实启示

在近代中国,黄河流域生态破坏、民生凋敝,传统治黄方略已不足以应付人与自然的激烈冲突,泛滥的水旱灾害和恢复经济生产的强烈需求呼唤着治黄思想的彻底变革。近代治黄专家张含英本着尊崇自然、保护生态的理念,倡导生态治黄,强调合理利用改造黄河,形成了一套全流域综合治黄思想,从治理视域扩展、目标转换、手段升级及机构整合四个维度全面推动治黄思想的现代化转型。张含英生态治黄思想扭转了传统治黄主流思想,他提出的与时俱进、因地制宜、协同治理、社会公平等治黄原则对当今黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略的设计和实施产生了广泛且深远的启示。

强化体制机制法治管理当好沂沭泗流域治理管理主力军

为切实推动新阶段水利高质量发展,水利部将“强化体制机制法治管理”确定为六条实施路径之一,印发了《水利部关于强化水利体制机制法治管理的指导意见》,明确了主要目标和任务措施,为全面强化水利体制机制法治管理绘就了蓝图。淮河水利委员会沂沭泗水利管理局(以下简称“沂沭泗局”)高度重视强化水利体制机制法治管理工作,将强化体制机制法治管理作为推动新阶段沂沭泗水利事业高质量发展的重要保障,持续深入学习研讨、狠抓工作落实,努力破解制约沂沭泗水利事业高质量发展的体制机制障碍,推动构建更加完善的水法治保障体系,不断提升流域治理能力和水平,当好沂沭泗流域治理管理主力军。

推动大藤峡工程高质量发展为强化流域治理管理提供有力支撑

强化流域治理管理是新阶段水利高质量发展的一项重大改革行动,重大水利工程在流域治理管理中具有重要支撑作用。准确把握水利部强化流域治理管理要求和珠江流域水安全保障形势,紧扣大藤峡水利枢纽功能定位,围绕强化流域统一规划、统一治理、统一调度、统一管理四方面,阐述大藤峡工程高质量发展对强化珠江流域治理管理的重要意义,并总结了进一步推动大藤峡工程高质量发展的思路举措。

River management system development in Asia based on Data Integration and Analysis System(DIAS) under GEOSS

This paper introduces the process of development and practical use implementation of an advanced river management system for supporting integrated water resources management practices in Asian river basins under the framework of GEOSS Asia water cycle initiative （AWCI）. The system is based on integration of data from earth observation satellites and in-situ networks with other types of data, including numerical weather prediction model outputs, climate model outputs, geographical infor- mation, and socio-economic data. The system builds on the water and energy budget distributed hydrological model （WEB-DHM） that was adapted for specific conditions of studied basins, in particular snow and glacier phenomena and equipped with other functions such as dam operation optimization scheme and a set of tools for climate change impact assess- ment to be able to generate relevant information for policy and decision makers. In situ data were archived for 18 selected ba- sins at the Data Integration and Analysis System （DIAS） of Japan and demonstration projects were carded out showing poten- tial of the new system. It included climate change impact assessment on hydrological regimes, which is presently a critical step for sound management decisions. Results of such three case studies in Pakistan, Philippines, and Vietnam are provided here.

赤水河流域绿色高质量发展困境及对策

赤水河流域绿色发展中存在着“三生空间”不协调,综合治理手段缺乏,绿色发展基础薄弱,绿色产业缺乏龙头带动等困境。提出创新管理模式,谋划顶层设计,树立流域综合治理理念,统筹实施山水林田湖草沙系统治理,培育绿色产业链,完善生态补偿机制,构建保护发展多元化投融资格局等流域发展对策,探索一条生态优先、绿色发展的新路子。

以数字孪生海河建设驱动流域治理管理新发展

现阶段,科学技术是推动经济社会发展的主要动力,不仅促进新型信息化技术与水利行业加速融合,而且推进智慧水利成为新阶段水利高质量发展的显著标志。智慧水利建设以数字孪生流域为核心,为强化流域治理管理、实现流域“四个统一”提供强大技术支撑。数字孪生海河建设可以提高“2+N”水利业务应用的数字化、智能化水平,其共建共享管理体系将提高流域治理管理的精准化水平和服务效能,并且通过提高水旱灾害防御能力、水资源集约利用和优化配置、水生态环境的监督治理等过程来保障流域社会经济的可持续发展。因此,数字孪生海河建设将驱动流域治理管理进入新发展阶段。

赤水河流域生物多样性保护现状和对策

基于对赤水河流域生物多样性的综合调研,分析了赤水河流域生物多样性的主要特征、流域生物多样性保护的现状、面临的机遇和潜在的压力,探讨了赤水河流域生物多样性保护的基本对策。提出赤水河流域生物多样性保护应在国家政策框架内,在流域综合管理理念指导下兼顾重点区域保护和生态廊道建设,探索流域尺度上生物多样性保护与流域社会经济协调有序发展的新型管理模式。