Integrated Analysis of Water Quality in Artificial Fishponds Using WQI and GIS in South-East Sierra Leone

Artificial fishponds play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood and nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained health and productivity of Fishes in these environments relies heavily on water quality management. This assessment was done to determine the water quality of ten artificial fishponds in the south-eastern part of Sierra Leone using twelve physicochemical factors (pH, BOD, EC, TDS, turbidity, COD, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH3, , and alkalinity) to find out the Water Quality Index (WQI) and spatial distribution of respective parameters. The assessment of artificial fishponds using WQI and Inverse Distant Weighting (IDW) integration represents a relatively underexplored area within the domain of environmental water resources. The WQI was determined using the “Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index’’ method. The results of WQI in the study area range from 65.05 to 147.26. Several locations have water quality deemed unsuitable for consumption, while others range from good to very poor. It is essential to address and improve water quality in locations categorized as unsuitable for consumption and very poor to ensure safe and healthy water sources. It was also clear from the calculation that the smaller the mean concentration value of the pH as compared to the ideal value (7), the smaller the WQI value and the better the water quality. To keep the artificial fishpond water in good condition, mass domestic use should be controlled, and draining of surrounding organic matter should be stopped in ponds Bo_001, Kenema_001, and Kenema_002.

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

Water Quality Index Assessment under Climate Change

Surface water quality may change in the future due to climatic variability as natural processes will most likely be modified by anthropogenic activities. As such, stream temperature is very likely to change as well which will impact on surface water quality and aquatic ecosystem dynamics. The present study focused on improving modelling of surface water quality indices and water quality parameters under various climate change scenarios in relationship with stream temperature. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Model (CGCM 3.1/ T63) under the greenhouse emission scenarios B1 and A2, as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This study illustrates the usefulness of the stream temperature models, coupled with Climate Change Scenarios to predict the evolution of future stream water temperature regimes and associated biogeochemical water quality parameters pertaining to drinking water quality. The specific objectives of the present study were to analyze the surface water quality of 15 rivers in New Brunswick (Canada) on the basis of 9 parameters under climate change. A Weighed Method and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Method were used to assess the water quality for each river under present and future climate. The knowledge gained from this study will enable engineers and water resources managers to better understand river thermal regimes and climate change impact on water quality related to Drinking Surface Water.

Identification of Water Quality Model Parameter Based on Finite Difference and Monte Carlo

Identification results of water quality model parameter directly affect the accuracy of water quality numerical simulation. To overcome the difficulty of parameter identification caused by the measurement’s uncertainty, a new method which is the coupling of Finite Difference Method and Markov Chain Monte Carlo is developed to identify the parameters of water quality model in this paper. Taking a certain long distance open channel as an example, the effects to the results of parameters identification with different noise are discussed under steady and un-steady non-uniform flow scenarios. And also this proposed method is compared with finite difference method and Nelder Mead Simplex. The results show that it can give better results by the new method. It has good noise resistance and provides a new way to identify water quality model parameters.

Water Quality Analysis of Fuping Section of the Shichuan River Based on Different Evaluation Methods

In order to study the water quality of the Shichuan River basin in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,based on improved Nemerow index method,comprehensive pollution index method and principal component analysis method,eight water quality indexes such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),COD,total hardness,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and Zn in three monitoring sections of Fuping section of the Shichuan River in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed.The results show that the water quality of the surface water in the Shichuan River basin is gradeⅢorⅣwater,that is,the water is slightly polluted and moderately polluted.It is necessary to monitor the water quality after regulation and clarify the main factors causing the water pollution.

Establishment of water quality index(Na^+,Ca^(2+)) for purified water reused to zinc electrolysis process

The effects of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water on the conductivity of zinc electrolyte and the current efficiency of zinc electrolysis were studied by the alternating current bridge method and the simulated electrolysis experiments,and the water quality index of reused water was established. The results show that the conductivity of the solution and the current efficiency decrease as these two kinds of positive ions are added in the electrolyte. The effect of Ca2+ is much more remarkable than that of Na+. ρ(Na+)≤ 8 g/L and ρ(Ca2+)≤20 mg/L are the quality indexes in the zinc electrolysis process and the concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water reused to the process should be less than the limited values,i.e. the water quality index of the purified water should be controlled by its reused amount.

Water Quality Assessment, Trophic Classification and Water Resources Management

Quantification of water quality (WQ) is an integral part of scientifically based water resources management. The main objective of this study was comparative analysis of two approaches applied for quantitative assessment of WQ: the trophic level index (TLI) and the Delphi method (DM). We analyzed the following features of these conceptually different approaches: A. similarity of estimates of lake WQ;B. sensitivity to indicating disturbances in the aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning;C. capacity to reflect the impact of major management measures on the quality of water resources. We compared the DM and TLI based on results from a series of lakes covering varying productivity levels, mixing regimes and climatic zones. We assumed that the conservation of aquatic ecosystem in some predefined, “reference”, state is a major objective of sustainable water resources management in the study lakes. The comparison between the two approaches was quantified as a relationship between the DM ranks and respective TLI values. We show that being a classification system, the TLI does not account for specific characteristics of aquatic ecosystems and the array of different potential uses of the water resource. It indirectly assumes that oligotrophication is identical to WQ improvement, and reduction of economic activity within the lake catchment area is the most effective way to improve WQ. WQ assessed with the TLI is more suitable for needs of natural water resources management if eutrophication is a major threat. The DM allows accounting for several water resource uses and therefore it may serve as a more robust and comprehensive tool for WQ quantification and thus for sustainable water resources management.

Water Quality Assessment of Dachangshan ArtificialHabitat Development Demonstration Area

[Objective] The paper was to evaluate the water quality environment in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area.[Method] From 2013 to 2015, an environmental survey was conducted for eight voyages in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area of Changhai County, Dalian City, and 20 hydrochemical indexes including salinity, pH, and COD were monitored. The water quality of thesea area was analyzed by principal component analysis and single factor index method. [Result] Except for that the control area of the August 2014voyage belonged to IIclass sea water standard, the water quality in other stations of all voyages conformed toIclass sea water standard. Totally 20water quality indicators were synthesized into six principal components using principal component analysis, which explained 79.165% of the results;the principal component score was ranged from -1.536 to 3.706; the score in August 2014 was the highest, and the evaluation results were basicallyconsistent with the results of single factor index analysis. [Conclusion] The overall water quality is good in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area.

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin.To date,there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream.Moreover,little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)by the game theory.Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019.Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution,and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution.Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors.In terms of this study,an improved comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities,and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments.By contrast,water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation.The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data,but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators,whose results are relatively reasonable.All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.

Integrated Assessment of Mineral Resources and Environmentin Mid-South of Shandong Province

On the bases of the field survey and a large number of testing data, we process the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mine environment in the mid south of Shandong Province using the following grade Ⅰ factors:the surface subsidence in mining area, the three wastes of mine industries, the pollution sources, the surface water pollution, the underground water pollution and the air pollution. By means of emitting factor judgment and water quality indexes, we locate pollution sources, main pollutants, pollution type and pollution grade in the study area. Using the MAPGIS, we draw a zonality map of the mine environment. This paper attempts to offer a concrete example, including valuable assessment method, data and conclusion, for the assessment of mine environment from the integrated assessment of mineral resources and mine environment. This research is oriented towards the sustainable development and the ecological environment optimization.

基于大型底栖动物完整性指数与综合生物指数的水生态评价

针对不同流域部分生物指数评价标准并不统一的问题,利用熵权法构建综合生物指数(CBI)统一模糊评价标准,同时计算底栖动物完整性指数进行评价结果验证.以2021年秋季和2022年春季东洞庭湖10个监测点的数据为基础,通过对25个候选参数逐步筛选,选出M3(软体动物分类单元数)、M9(耐污类群相对丰度)、M13(BI指数)和M22(Shannon-Wiener指数)4个秋季核心参数以及M6(摇蚊个体相对丰度)、M13、M16(BPI指数)和M24(Margalef指数)4个春季核心参数,采用比值法统一量纲后累加计算底栖动物完整性指数,再对BPI、FBI、Shannon-Wiener、BMWP指数客观定权后计算CBI指数划分出5个状态进行对比,结果表明:B-IBI指数和CBI指数均得出靠近出湖河道点位较为健康,湖体点位多为一般和较差,整体秋季健康状况略好于春季,六门闸附近为极差状态,可能是因为该区域是东洞庭湖的闸口之一,常年关闭导致水体流动性较差,开闸放水后沉积物中的淤泥会释放污染物使得湖区总氮超标,进而影响了大型底栖动物的完整性.CBI指数与B-IBI指数以及COD_(Mn)、TLI(∑)指数等相关分析结果良好,表明利用综合生物指数和底栖动物完整性指数结合能为东洞庭湖的水生态健康评价提供参考.

黄河流域中小河流水质评价的比较研究

我国中小河流众多,流域面积覆盖了全国85%的城镇及广大农村地区,是区域生产生活用水的主要来源和污染负荷排放的接纳者.开展中小河流水质综合评价对于客观、准确地评价水环境质量状况,制订水污染防治整体规划具有重要意义.以黄河流域河南省2条典型中小河流为研究对象,在识别河流水污染状况的基础上,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价4种方法对水质现状进行了综合评价,探讨了不同方法在中小河流水质评价中的适用性.结果表明:2条中小河流主要污染指标为NH_(3)-N、挥发酚及TP;水质标识指数法的评价结果与可靠性分析中的水质评价结果一致性最高,该方法得到的水质类别结果更加可靠.

太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化特征分析

为了解太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化,于2022年6—9月,在芦苇湿地时空分布调查的基础上,分别采集典型湖滨带芦苇湿地表层水体样品,测定pH、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)等水质理化指标,并对湿地水质时空变化特征和水体富营养化状态进行分析。结果表明,所调查的7片芦苇湿地中pH、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、水温(WT)月间变化差异均极显著(p<0.01),COD Mn月间差异显著(p<0.05),但TN、TP、NH+4-N和Chl-a月间变化无显著差异(p>0.05)。所有水质理化指标在竺山湾、月亮湾、梅梁湾和贡湖湾芦苇湿地间均具有显著差异性(p<0.05)。湿地夏季水体基本呈中度或重度富营养化状态,时间上8月水质最差,地理位置上月亮湾最差。太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地水体属于磷限制型,限制磷元素的输入可有效控制湖滨带苇区水体富营养化的程度。

云南昭通渔洞水库枯水期水质及其变化特征

云南昭通渔洞水库集城市供水、农业灌溉、防洪、发电、渔业等功能,了解其枯水期水质及变化对指导水力调度,保障水库水质和水量稳定具有重要的科学意义。该文通过在库区不同水域布设30个监测点,在1月和5月对水库表层、中层和底层水样进行采集,分析了水质主要理化参数和营养物浓度,并利用综合指数法对水质进行了评价。结果表明:从1月到5月,水库水温、电导率和pH显著升高(P<0.05),但表层水透明度显著地下降(P<0.05)。平均COD从(8.21±3.10) mg/L降至(7.68±2.26) mg/L。水域和水层不同,COD各异,但总体上差异不明显(P>0.05)。1月份水库平均TN为(2.65±0.35) mg/L,其中NO_(3)^(-)-N占约90%,NH_(3)-N仅1.5%,平均值则主库区显著低于库湾(P<0.05);而到了5月份,平均TN为(0.96±0.12) mg/L,NO_(3)^(-)-N占约74%,NH_(3)-N仅6.7%,且底层显著高于表层(P<0.05)。水库TDP和SRP在1月份分别为(4.92±1.36)μg/L和(2.25±1.89)μg/L,且水域不同,它们的含量各异;到了5月份,则分别上升至(11.6±11.0)μg/L和(6.72±9.38)μg/L。综合指数评价结果说明,渔洞水库在1月为Ⅲ类水质,但到了5月上升至Ⅱ类,表明渔洞水库在枯水期具有较强的自净能力。枯水期渔洞水库的自净能力可能与硅藻生长有关。水柱中溶解硅较高,水温升高利于硅藻生长,从而消耗了水柱中的NO_(3)^(-)-N和溶解硅,水质得到了提升。

城市景观水体水质时空分布特征及其评价方法适用性研究

为探究城市景观湖泊水质特征及其水质评价的适用性方法,以兴庆湖为研究对象,选取5个采样点,根据2018年1月至2020年9月水体逐月pH值及TP、NH_(3)-N、DO、COD浓度监测值,采用单因子评价法、综合水质指数评估法、水质健康综合评估法和熵权-TOPSIS法对兴庆湖水质进行评价。结果表明:兴庆湖水质指标存在时空分布差异,水体进入兴庆湖后,除氨氮外,其他水质指标值增大;pH值春夏两季高于秋冬两季,TP质量浓度夏秋两季高于春冬两季,COD、NH_(3)-N质量浓度秋冬季高于春夏季;4种水质评价方法对兴庆湖水质评价结果有差异,经综合比较分析,熵权-TOPSIS法不受指标数量、数据分布等的限制,减少了主观因素的影响,能准确反映水体水质情况。

基于主成分分析及水质标识指数法的高邮湖水质评价

为查明江苏境内高邮湖及其周边出入湖河流水质分布特征,采用SPSS软件对湖区及周边25个水质样品监测数据(2020年8月)进行主成分分析,并采用水质标识指数法进行定性和定量评价。主成分分析将7个水质指标综合为3个主成分进行解释,解释率为75.62%,控制指标为总磷、氨氮、总氮和F^(-)。单因子水质标识指数法将水质划分为Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类,综合指数评价水质均未超Ⅲ类,指数大小排序较为一致。分析结果表明:超标严重的指标(总磷、总氮)易掩盖其他水质指标信息,对水质类别判定影响较大;主成分分析法与水质标识指数法对主要污染指标的评价结论基本吻合,点位污染指数次序一致性较好;水质污染程度整体表现为入湖河流水系>出湖河流水系>高邮湖湖体,说明高邮湖入湖水系是湖区水质污染的重要因素。两种评价方法相结合,既能筛选出水质污染指标,又能在水质优劣排序基础上填补水质类别信息,使评价结果更加详实、可信。

流域景观格局演变对河流水质的影响——以巢湖流域南淝河为例

景观格局由景观组成、地理特征和景观配置等方面共同组成,流域景观格局演变是河流水质时空变化的重要驱动因素。为探讨景观格局演变对城市地区典型河流水质的定量影响与作用机制,本研究基于巢湖流域南淝河2013年与2023年水质数据和土地利用数据,采用单因素ANOVA检验、层次聚类法探究水质时空变化,通过Bioenv分析、VPA分析等多元统计方法探究在不同时空尺度下景观格局中的各个部分对水质综合营养状态指数(TLI)的解释率以及影响TLI的关键因子。结果表明:2023年南淝河水质优于2013年,总氮、总磷和TLI在2013年显著高于2023年,但不同年份水质的季节差异并不一致。不同时期的调查结果均发现,非汛期景观格局对TLI的解释率高于汛期,1000 m河岸带缓冲区和子流域尺度下景观格局对TLI影响较大。景观组成、地理特征对TLI的独立解释率大于景观配置;景观配置对TLI的影响主要集中在与景观组成、地理特征的联合作用中。在景观组成中,建设用地面积占比、园地面积占比与TLI呈显著正相关,水域面积占比与TLI呈显著负相关。在地理特征中,面积高程积分、地形湿度指数与TLI呈显著负相关。研究认为,未来南淝河流域要限制“源”景观的无序扩张,不可忽视地理特征对河流水质的优化作用,并从景观配置中的“复杂度、破碎度和连通性”等方面着手对城市进行合理规划以辅助改善水质。

基于3种水质指数方法的鄱阳湖五河水质分析与评价

为了研究鄱阳湖五大水系的污染现状,采用灰色关联法、单因子评价法和综合污染指数评价法,选取溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮和总磷5个评价因子,对赣江、信江、抚河、修河和饶河水质进行了分析评价。结果表明研究水域水质总体为Ⅰ—Ⅲ类,由于农业污水排放导致五河全年总氮含量均过高,同时由于七八月份温度过高导致溶解氧含量过低。运用灰色关联法、单因子评价法和综合污染指数评价法,分析3种方法的优缺点,对比综合分析其评价结果,其中综合污染指数法和灰色关联法得出的结果较为客观,其产生的研究结果可为鄱阳湖五河水污染防治以及水质综合管理提供参考。

新疆巴里坤湖流域平原区地下水水化学特征及健康风险评价

【目的】了解巴里坤湖流域平原区地下水水化学特征及地下水污染指标对人体健康造成的危害。【方法】依据2022年8月地下水水质资料,采用离子比值法和饱和指数法对地下水控制因素进行分析,并综合运用熵权水质指数法和健康风险评估模型进行地下水水质及人体健康评价。【结果】研究区地下水整体属于低矿化度、硬度中等的弱碱性水,水化学类型以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na型为主;地下水水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用和阳离子交换作用的影响;巴里坤湖流域平原区75.0%的地下水可以直接饮用,8.3%的地下水为中等质量,16.7%的地下水不适合直接饮用;超标离子的非致癌健康风险指数均小于1,为人体可接受的风险水平,Na^(+)的非致癌健康风险指数最高,且儿童的潜在非致癌风险高于成人。【结论】研究区地下水水质状况良好,但博尔羌吉镇以北区域存在一定的潜在风险。地下水是工农业用水的重要来源之一,通过对地下水水化学特征及健康风险进行分析,为饮用水安全、预防地方性疾病、生态环境保护、农业灌溉和工业用水选择等方面提供科学依据和支撑。

医养结合机构失智老年人照护质量评价指标体系的构建

目的 探究医养结合机构失智老年人照护的质量评价内容,构建其质量评价指标体系。方法 通过文献回顾和半结构式访谈,初步拟定医养结合机构失智老年人照护质量评价指标体系;采用德尔菲专家函询法评估各指标的重要性,根据专家函询结果确立指标体系,并采用层次分析法确立各指标权重。结果 两轮德尔菲专家咨询均发放40份问卷,有效回收率均为85%,两轮专家权威系数均为0.860,专家意见肯德尔和谐系数第1轮为0.141、第2轮为0.108(P<0.001)。医养结合机构失智老年人照护质量评价指标体系包括3项一级指标、12项二级指标、43项三级指标。3项一级指标包括结构、过程和结果,其权重分别为0.094、0.627、0.280。结论 本研究构建的医养结合机构失智老年人照护质量评价指标体系内容全面,过程科学严谨,能为医养结合机构质控者管理失智老年人照护质量提供参考。