Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,i...Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.展开更多
Based on the mechanisms of gravity displacement,miscibility,viscosity reduction,and imbibition in natural gas flooding,an integrated reservoir construction technology of oil displacement and underground gas storage(UG...Based on the mechanisms of gravity displacement,miscibility,viscosity reduction,and imbibition in natural gas flooding,an integrated reservoir construction technology of oil displacement and underground gas storage(UGS)is proposed.This paper systemically describes the technical connotation,site selection principle and optimization process of operation parameters of the gas storage,and advantages of this technology.By making full use of the gravity displacement,miscibility,viscosity reduction,and imbibition features of natural gas flooding,the natural gas can be injected into oil reservoir to enhance oil recovery and build strategic gas storage at the same time,realizing the win-win situation of oil production and natural gas peak shaving.Compared with the gas reservoir storage,the integrated construction technology of gas storage has two profit models:increasing crude oil production and gas storage transfer fee,so it has better economic benefit.At the same time,in this kind of gas storage,gas is injected at high pressure in the initial stage of its construction,gas is injected and produced in small volume in the initial operation stage,and then in large volume in the middle and late operation stage.In this way,the gas storage wouldn’t have drastic changes in stress periodically,overcoming the shortcomings of large stress variations of gas reservoir storage during injection-production cycle due to large gas injection and production volume.The keys of this technology are site selection and evaluation of oil reservoir,and optimization of gravity displacement,displacement pressure,and gas storage operation parameters,etc.The pilot test shows that the technology has achieved initial success,which is a new idea for the rapid development of UGS construction in China.展开更多
广东南岭保存着世界上同纬度带上最完整的亚热带植被,森林资源丰富,具有巨大的固碳潜力。然而,目前该地区不同森林植被类型的碳收支年积累量特征及月动态规律尚不明确。选择广东南岭国家级自然保护区内沟谷常绿阔叶林、山地常绿阔叶林...广东南岭保存着世界上同纬度带上最完整的亚热带植被,森林资源丰富,具有巨大的固碳潜力。然而,目前该地区不同森林植被类型的碳收支年积累量特征及月动态规律尚不明确。选择广东南岭国家级自然保护区内沟谷常绿阔叶林、山地常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和山顶常绿阔叶矮林4种典型森林植被为研究对象,运用集成生物圈模型(IBIS)对其2020年总初级生产力(GPP)、净初级生产力(NPP)、净生态系统生产力(NEP)和土壤异养呼吸(Rh)进行模拟,利用样地调查数据对NPP模拟结果进行验证,分析该地区不同植被类型的碳收支年积累量特征及月变化特征。研究结果表明,2020年南岭不同植被类型GPP、NPP、NEP和Rh的平均值分别为1.709、0.718、0.596和0.123 kg C m^(-2)a^(-1),4种植被类型中GPP最高的是沟谷常绿阔叶林,NPP、NEP最高的是山地常绿阔叶林,山顶常绿阔叶矮林的GPP、NPP和NEP均相对较低。南岭不同植被类型全年各月均表现出碳汇(NEP>0),逐月NPP和NEP均表现为双峰变化规律,但不同植被类型的两个峰值所在月份不一致;逐月Rh呈夏季高、冬季低的单峰曲线,夏季时沟谷常绿阔叶林的Rh最高,山顶常绿阔叶矮林的Rh最低。经验证,IBIS模型较好地模拟南岭不同植被类型碳收支情况,模拟值解释了93%的实际碳收支情况,模型对各植被类型的模拟平均相对误差在1.16%-6.07%之间。该研究可为我国亚热带地区南岭森林生态系统的固碳能力评价和森林生态系统资源的管理提供重要参考价值。展开更多
基金This research was funded by the Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Xinjiang's Historical and Cultural Tourism,Xinjiang University,China(LY2022-06)the Tianchi Talent Project.
文摘Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.
基金Supported by the Petro China Preliminary Research Project(2021-40217-000041)Changqing Oilfield Technology Development Project(RIPED-JS-50016)。
文摘Based on the mechanisms of gravity displacement,miscibility,viscosity reduction,and imbibition in natural gas flooding,an integrated reservoir construction technology of oil displacement and underground gas storage(UGS)is proposed.This paper systemically describes the technical connotation,site selection principle and optimization process of operation parameters of the gas storage,and advantages of this technology.By making full use of the gravity displacement,miscibility,viscosity reduction,and imbibition features of natural gas flooding,the natural gas can be injected into oil reservoir to enhance oil recovery and build strategic gas storage at the same time,realizing the win-win situation of oil production and natural gas peak shaving.Compared with the gas reservoir storage,the integrated construction technology of gas storage has two profit models:increasing crude oil production and gas storage transfer fee,so it has better economic benefit.At the same time,in this kind of gas storage,gas is injected at high pressure in the initial stage of its construction,gas is injected and produced in small volume in the initial operation stage,and then in large volume in the middle and late operation stage.In this way,the gas storage wouldn’t have drastic changes in stress periodically,overcoming the shortcomings of large stress variations of gas reservoir storage during injection-production cycle due to large gas injection and production volume.The keys of this technology are site selection and evaluation of oil reservoir,and optimization of gravity displacement,displacement pressure,and gas storage operation parameters,etc.The pilot test shows that the technology has achieved initial success,which is a new idea for the rapid development of UGS construction in China.
文摘广东南岭保存着世界上同纬度带上最完整的亚热带植被,森林资源丰富,具有巨大的固碳潜力。然而,目前该地区不同森林植被类型的碳收支年积累量特征及月动态规律尚不明确。选择广东南岭国家级自然保护区内沟谷常绿阔叶林、山地常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和山顶常绿阔叶矮林4种典型森林植被为研究对象,运用集成生物圈模型(IBIS)对其2020年总初级生产力(GPP)、净初级生产力(NPP)、净生态系统生产力(NEP)和土壤异养呼吸(Rh)进行模拟,利用样地调查数据对NPP模拟结果进行验证,分析该地区不同植被类型的碳收支年积累量特征及月变化特征。研究结果表明,2020年南岭不同植被类型GPP、NPP、NEP和Rh的平均值分别为1.709、0.718、0.596和0.123 kg C m^(-2)a^(-1),4种植被类型中GPP最高的是沟谷常绿阔叶林,NPP、NEP最高的是山地常绿阔叶林,山顶常绿阔叶矮林的GPP、NPP和NEP均相对较低。南岭不同植被类型全年各月均表现出碳汇(NEP>0),逐月NPP和NEP均表现为双峰变化规律,但不同植被类型的两个峰值所在月份不一致;逐月Rh呈夏季高、冬季低的单峰曲线,夏季时沟谷常绿阔叶林的Rh最高,山顶常绿阔叶矮林的Rh最低。经验证,IBIS模型较好地模拟南岭不同植被类型碳收支情况,模拟值解释了93%的实际碳收支情况,模型对各植被类型的模拟平均相对误差在1.16%-6.07%之间。该研究可为我国亚热带地区南岭森林生态系统的固碳能力评价和森林生态系统资源的管理提供重要参考价值。
