AN INTEGRATION BY PARTS FORMULA FOR STOCHASTIC HEAT EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONAL NOISE

In this paper,we establish the integration by parts formula for the solution of fractional noise driven stochastic heat equations using the method of coupling.As an application,we also obtain the shift Harnack inequalities.

Geospatial Technology Integration in Smart City Frameworks for Achieving Climate Neutrality by 2050: A Case Study of Limassol Municipality, Cyprus

This study investigated the integration of geospatial technologies within smart city frameworks to achieve the European Union’s climate neutrality goals by 2050. Focusing on rapid urbanization and escalating climate challenges, the research analyzed how smart city frameworks, aligned with climate neutrality objectives, leverage geospatial technologies for urban planning and climate action. The study included case studies from three leading European cities, extracting lessons and best practices in implementing Climate City Contracts across sectors like energy, transport, and waste management. These insights highlighted the essential role of EU and national authorities in providing technical, regulatory, and financial support. Additionally, the paper presented the application of a WEBGIS platform in Limassol Municipality, Cyprus, demonstrating citizen engagement and acceptance of the proposed geospatial framework. Concluding with recommendations for future research, the study contributed significant insights into the advancement of urban sustainability and the effectiveness of geospatial technologies in smart city initiatives for combating climate change.

Boosting rate performance of layered lithium-rich cathode materials by oxygen vacancy induced surface multicomponent integration

The rapid development of electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems demands improvements in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries,a domain in which Lithium-rich layered cathode(LLO)materials inherently excel.However,these materials face practical challenges,such as low initial Coulombic efficiency,inferior cycle/rate performance,and voltage decline during cycling,which limit practical application.Our study introduces a surface multi-component integration strategy that incorporates oxygen vacancies into the pristine LLO material Li1.2Mn_(0.6)Ni_(0.2)O_(2).This process involves a brief citric acid treatment followed by calcination,aiming to explore rate-dependent degradation behavior.The induced surface oxygen vacancies can reduce surface oxygen partial pressure and diminish the generation of O_(2)and other highly reactive oxygen species on the surface,thereby facilitating the activation of Li ions trapped in tetrahedral sites while overcoming transport barriers.Additionally,the formation of a spinel-like phase with 3D Li+diffusion channels significantly improves Li^(+)diffusion kinetics and stabilizes the surface structure.The optimally modified sample boasts a discharge capacity of 299.5 mA h g^(-1)at a 0.1 C and 251.6 mA h g^(-1)at a 1 C during the initial activation cycle,with an impressive capacity of 222.1 mA h g^(-1)at a 5 C.Most notably,it retained nearly 70%of its capacity after 300 cycles at this elevated rate.This straightforward,effective,and highly viable modification strategy provides a crucial resolution for overcoming challenges associated with LLO materials,making them more suitable for practical application.

Enable Excel-Based Basic Cybersecurity Features for End Users by Using Python-Excel Integration

In the digital age, the global character of the Internet has significantly improved our daily lives by providing access to large amounts of knowledge and allowing for seamless connections. However, this enormously interconnected world is not without its risks. Malicious URLs are a powerful menace, masquerading as legitimate links while holding the intent to hack computer systems or steal sensitive personal information. As the sophistication and frequency of cyberattacks increase, identifying bad URLs has emerged as a critical aspect of cybersecurity. This study presents a new approach that enables the average end-user to check URL safety using Microsoft Excel. Using the powerful VirusTotal API for URL inspections, this study creates an Excel add-in that integrates Python and Excel to deliver a seamless, user-friendly interface. Furthermore, the study improves Excel’s capabilities by allowing users to encrypt and decrypt text communications directly in the spreadsheet. Users may easily encrypt their conversations by simply typing a key and the required text into predefined cells, enhancing their personal cybersecurity with a layer of cryptographic secrecy. This strategy democratizes access to advanced cybersecurity solutions, making attentive digital integrity a feature rather than a daunting burden.

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Monolithic Integration of Electro-Absorption Modulators and DFB Lasers by Modified Double Stack Active Layer Approach

Monolithic electro absorption modulated distributed feedback(DFB) lasers are proposed and fabricated by using a modified double stack active layer.The 38mA threshold,9dB extinction ratio (from 0 5V to 3 0V),and about 5mW output power at the 100mA operation current are achieved.Compared with other reported results (only 1 5mW at the same operation current) of the traditional stack active structure,the proposed structure improves the output power of devices.

Study of probability integration method parameter inversion by the genetic algorithm

In order to obtain accurate probability integration method(PIM) parameters for surface movement of multi-panel mining, a genetic algorithm(GA) was used to optimize the parameters. As the measured surface movement is affected by more than one mining panel, traditional PIM parameter inversion model is difficult to ensure the reliability of the results due to the complexity of rock movement. With crossover,mutation and selection operators, GA can perform a global optimization search and has high computation efficiency. Compared with the pattern search algorithm, the fitness function can avoid falling into local minima traps. GA reduces the risk of local minima traps which improves the accuracy and reliability with the mutation mechanism. Application at Xuehu colliery shows that GA can be used to inverse the PIM parameters for multi-panel surface movement observation, and reliable results can be obtained. The research provides a new way for back-analysis of PIM parameters for mining subsidence under complex conditions.

A Novel Optical Gate by Integration of a Photodiodeand an Electroabsorption Modulator

A compact and stable three-port optical gate has been successfully fabricated by monolithically integrating a simple photodiode and an electroabsorption modulator. The gate shows an excellent DC logic ＂and＂ function with different load resistors. Its dynamical characteristics without packaging have also been measured. We observed a dynamic extinction ratio of over 7dB with a 95012 load resistor and a 7mW control light power at 622Mbit/s.

Insertion Mutagenesis of Trichoderma atroviride by Restriction Enzyme-mediated DNA integration

Restriction enzyme-mediated integration(REMI) of DNA has been recently received attention as a new technique for the generation of mutants by transformation in fungi. Trichoderma atroviride strain T23 was transformed with linearized plasmid pV2, conferring resistance to hygromycin B, in the presence of restriction enzyme used to linearize the plasmid. A total of 172 regeneration transformants were detected by successive inoculation for seven times subcultivation on fresh PDA plate containing hygromycin B. The plasmid was integrated stably into the chromosome DNA, which was confirmed by PCR and southern analysis. The difference between 172 transformants and the parent strain was confirmed in colonial color, sporulation and growth rate. The results showed that the significant difference appeared in above mentioned characters between transformants and parent strain is sporulation capability. Transformants TC6, TD5, TE7, TF1 and TK1 produced higher amounts of conidia than the parent strain T23. In addition, transformants TK1and TC6 showed stronger inhibition to the growth rate of the cucumber wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxyporum) in vitro.

An efficient method for train-track-substructure dynamic interaction analysis by implicit-explicit integration and multi-time-step solution

In this work,a method is put forward to obtain the dynamic solution efficiently and accurately for a large-scale train-track-substructure(TTS)system.It is called implicit-explicit integration and multi-time-step solution method(abbreviated as mI-nE-MTS method).The TTS system is divided into train-track subsystem and substruc-ture subsystem.Considering that the root cause of low effi-ciency of obtaining TTS solution lies in solving the alge-braic equation of the substructures,the high-efficient Zhai method,an explicit integration scheme,can be introduced to avoid matrix inversion process.The train-track system is solved by implicitly Park method.Moreover,it is known that the requirement of time step size differs for different sub-systems,integration methods and structural frequency response characteristics.A multi-time-step solution is pro-posed,in which time step size for the train-track subsystem and the substructure subsystem can be arbitrarily chosen once satisfying stability and precision demand,namely the time spent for m implicit integral steps is equal to n explicit integral steps,i.e.,mI=nE as mentioned above.The numeri-cal examples show the accuracy,efficiency,and engineering practicality of the proposed method.

Precise integration methods based on the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind

This paper introduces two new types of precise integration methods based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind for dynamic response analysis of structures, namely the integral formula method （IFM） and the homogenized initial system method （HISM）. In both methods, nonlinear variable loadings within time intervals are simulated using Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind before a direct integration is performed. Developed on the basis of the integral formula, the recurrence relationship of the integral computation suggested in this paper is combined with the Crout decomposed method to solve linear algebraic equations. In this way, the IFM based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is constructed. Transforming the non-homogenous initial system to the homogeneous dynamic system, and developing a special scheme without dimensional expansion, the HISM based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is able to avoid the matrix inversion operation. The accuracy of the time integration schemes is examined and compared with other commonly used schemes, and it is shown that a greater accuracy as well as less time consuming can be achieved. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of these new methods.

Multi-Bandgap Monolithic Metal Nanowire Percolation Network Sensor Integration by Reversible Selective Laser-Induced Redox

Active electronics are usually composed of semiconductor and metal electrodes which are connected by multiple vacuum deposition steps and photolithography patterning.However,the presence of interface of dissimilar material between semiconductor and metal electrode makes various problems in electrical contacts and mechanical failure.The ideal electronics should not have defective interfaces of dissimilar materials.In this study,we developed a novel method to fabricate active electronic components in a monolithic seamless fashion where both metal and semiconductor can be prepared from the same monolith material without creating a semiconductor-metal interface by reversible selective laser-induced redox(rSLIR)method.Furthermore,rSLIR can control the oxidation state of transition metal(Cu)to yield semiconductors with two different bandgap states(Cu_(2)O and CuO with bandgaps of 2.1 and 1.2 eV,respectively),which may allow multifunctional sensors with multiple bandgaps from the same materials.This novel method enables the seamless integration of single-phase Cu,Cu_(2)O,and CuO,simultaneously while allowing reversible,selec-tive conversion between oxidation states by simply shining laser light.Moreover,we fabricated a flexible monolithic metal-semiconduc-tor-metal multispectral photodetector that can detect multiple wavelengths.The unique monolithic characteristics of rSLIR process can provide next-generation electronics fabrication method overcoming the limitation of conventional photolithography methods.

Loss of offsite power (LOOP) accident analysis by integration of deterministic and probabilistic approaches in Bushehr-1 VVER-1000/V446 nuclear power plant

The results of an accident analysis for the loss of offsite power(LOOP)scenario in a reference Bushehr-1 VVER-1000/V446 nuclear power plant(NPP)are presented in this paper.This study attempted to provide a better analysis of LOOP accident management by integrating deterministic and probabilistic approaches.The RELAP5 code was used to investigate the occurrence of specific thermal–hydraulic phenomena.The probabilistic safety assessment of the LOOP accident is presented using the SAPHIRE software.LOOP accident data were extracted from the Bushehr NPP final safety analysis reports and probabilistic safety analysis reports.A deterministic approach was used to reduce the core damage frequency in the probabilistic analysis of LOOP accidents.The probabilistic approach was used to better observe the philosophy of defense in depth and safety margins in the deterministic analysis of the LOOP accident.The results show that the integration of the two approaches in LOOP accident investigations improved accident control.

Solving Large Scale Nonlinear Equations by a New ODE Numerical Integration Method

In this paper a new ODE numerical integration method was successfully applied to solving nonlinear equations. The method is of same simplicity as fixed point iteration, but the efficiency has been significantly improved, so it is especially suitable for large scale systems. For Brown’s equations, an existing article reported that when the dimension of the equation N = 40, the subroutines they used could not give a solution, as compared with our method, we can easily solve this equation even when N = 100. Other two large equations have the dimension of N = 1000, all the existing available methods have great difficulties to handle them, however, our method proposed in this paper can deal with those tough equations without any difficulties. The sigularity and choosing initial values problems were also mentioned in this paper.

New Route to Deducing Integration Formulas by Virtue of the IWOP Techniqu~

We point out a new route to deducing integration formulas, i.e., using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators we derive some new integration formulas, which seems concise. As a by-product, some new operator identities also appear.

Research on TDM approach of sharing BRT-lane supported by vehicle-infrastructure integration

In order to increase the availability of the part-time idle bus rapid transit lane(BRT-lane),a time division multiplexing(TDM) method to share BRT-lane with the vehicles besides BRT buses is proposed based on vehicle-road collaboration. The TDM control strategy is established under the circumstance of vehicle-infrastructure integration(VII). The algorithm is given to forecast the segmented BRT travel time. According to the real time traffic information,a comprehensive model is given to estimate the vehicles' lane-changing time from/to the BRTlane to/from its neighbor lane and determine the timing sequence for vehicles collaboration. Finally,the experiment demonstrates that the predicted value of the travel time and lane-changing time is much close to the true value. The control strategy of the vehicles collaboration could promise the non-BRT vehicles to share BRT-lane without disturbing BRT's priority.

Antialiasing Compass Meter Display by Gaussian Integration

Detailed mathematical deduction is presented to improve the graphics quality of aircraft dashboards. Generation of rhumb lines with such kind of algorithm shows that the new approach is effective.

TWO DIMENSIONAL FLOW QUANTITATIVE VISUALIZATION BY THE HYBRID METHOD OF FLOW BIREFRINGENCE AND BOUNDARY INTEGRATION

Flow birefringent method and its data processing was reviewed and a new hybrid method of flow birefringence and boundary integration was introduced. The basic equations and boundary conditions suitable to the hybrid method were derived, and a comparison of the hybrid and other classical methods was given. Finally as an example, the flow in a step converging tube was analyzed by the given method.

LIE GROUP INTEGRATION FOR CONSTRAINED GENERALIZED HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM WITH DISSIPATION BY PROJECTION METHOD

For the constrained generalized Hamiltonian system with dissipation, by introducing Lagrange multiplier and using projection technique, the Lie group integration method was presented, which can preserve the inherent structure of dynamic system and the constraint-invariant. Firstly, the constrained generalized Hamiltonian system with dissipative was converted to the non-constraint generalized Hamiltonian system, then Lie group integration algorithm for the non-constraint generalized Hamiltonian system was discussed, finally the projection method for generalized Hamiltonian system with constraint was given. It is found that the constraint invariant is ensured by projection technique, and after introducing Lagrange multiplier the Lie group character of the dynamic system can't be destroyed while projecting to the constraint manifold. The discussion is restricted to the case of holonomic constraint. A presented numerical example shows the effectiveness of the method.

COORDINATION OF THE MOTION PARAMETERS WITHIN STEP-BY-STEP INTEGRATION FOR DYNAMIC EQUATION

A method is presented that coordinates the calculation of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of structures within the time-steps of different types of step-by-step integration. The dynamic equation is solved using an energy equation and the calculating data of the original method. The method presented is better than the original method in terms of calculating postulations and is in better conformity with the system's movement. Take the Wilson-θ method as an example. By using the coordination process, the calculation precision has been greatly im proved (reducing the errors by approximately 90% ), and the greater part of overshooting of the calculation result has been eliminated. The study suggests that the mal-coordination of the motion parameters within the time-step is the major factor that contributes to the result errors of step-by-step integration for the dynamic equation.