HPR1000： Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor with Active and Passive Safety

HPR1000 is an advanced nuclear power plant(NPP)with the significant feature of an active and passive safety design philosophy,developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation.On one hand,it is an evolutionary design based on proven technology of the existing pressurized water reactor NPP;on the other hand,it incorporates advanced design features including a 177-fuel-assembly core loaded with CF3 fuel assemblies,active and passive safety systems,comprehensive severe accident prevention and mitigation measures,enhanced protection against external events,and improved emergency response capability.Extensive verification experiments and tests have been performed for critical innovative improvements on passive systems,the reactor core,and the main equipment.The design of HPR1000fulfills the international utility requirements for advanced light water reactors and the latest nuclear safety requirements,and addresses the safety issues relevant to the Fukushima accident.Along with its outstanding safety and economy,HPR1000 provides an excellent and practicable solution for both domestic and international nuclear power markets.

Design and implementation of robot serial integrated rotary joint with safety compliance

In order to guarantee safety and stability during physical human-robot-interaction(p HRI) in the occasion of service or industrial operation, a serial integrated rotary joint with the characteristics of passive and active compliance is proposed. Passive compliance is achieved by a designed elastic element, such that the compliant joint may minimize large force which occurs during accidental impacts and, further, may offer more accurate and stable force control and a capacity for energy storage. Meanwhile, the modeling of the compliant joint is comprehensively analyzed, including the effect of the motor model on the overall control system. In order to realize the active compliance, a new method of impedance control is proposed. On the basis of PD control, a more compliant impedance controller is introduced. Experimental results show that the serial integrated rotary joint can provide more effective safety compliance during physical interaction, which has also been well applied in our designed massage robot and rehabilitation robot.

Safety, Handling and Electrical Performances of Bradycardia Leads in Acute Conditions: Results from the FINE Registry

Background: Beflex is an active fixation atrial and ventricular lead with a retractable screw;X-Fine is a passive fixation ventricular lead. These two bradycardia lead models were evaluated in the FINE study, an observational prospective trial conducted in France and Spain. Methods: Patients enlisted for pacemaker or defibrillator implants were enrolled. The primary objective was to assess acute dislodgement rates at the 3-month follow-up visit. Safety and electrical performances of the leads were assessed in acute conditions at implant and at the follow-up visit up to three months later. A handling questionnaire was submitted to implanting investigators immediately after implant. Results: A total of 2254 patients were enrolled in 95 centers;investigators implanted 1153 active atrial leads, mainly in the right atrium;1021 active right ventricular leads, mainly in the septum and 712 passive right ventricular leads, mainly in the apex. After a mean follow-up of 54.9 ± 37.6 days, dislodgement rates were 1.0% and 1.6% for atrial and ventricular active, and 3.2% for ventricular passive leads. No unexpected adverse reactions were observed during the course of the study and the electrical performances at implant and follow-up visits remained within normal ranges. Overall, most investigators (84%) rated leads’ handling as superior (better or best) to what observed with other bradycardia leads. Conclusion: Different bradycardia leads showed a dislodgement rate of 1.0% and 1.6% for atrial and ventricular active leads, and 3.2% for ventricular passive leads, at 3-month follow-up. Acute safety and electrical performances were within expected ranges and very good handling performances were observed.

Influence of active and passive equipment for advanced pressurized water reactor on thermal hydraulic and source term behavior in severe accidents

Extensive studies have been carried out on the behavior of core degradation and fission products of common pressurized water reactors(PWRs).However,few of them have investigated the relationship between thermal hydraulic and fission product behavior in advanced passive PWRs.Due to the impact of thermal hydraulic be-haviors in different accident sequences on the release and transportation of fission products,an integrated severe accident analysis(ISAA)code with highly coupled thermal hydraulic and source term calculations is required to simultaneously analyze thermal hydraulic and source term behavior.For advanced passive PWRs,important safety systems that may affect the behavior of the core and fission products should be considered.It is therefore necessary to simulate the thermal hydraulic and fission product behavior of advanced passive PWRs.In this study,the ISAA code is adopted to simulate the occurrence of a hypothetical double ended cold leg LBLOCA of HPR1000 in three scenarios of equipment failure.The results show that the high-temperature fuel rods and cladding ma-terials exhibit delayed failure at the lower position of the active core,whereas earlier failure at higher position during the reflooding.Active and passive equipment affects fuel temperature,the oxidation conditions of the fuel,the interaction of fission products and structural materials,and the state of the fuel,thereby affecting the release of fission products in the fuel.HPR1000 only relies on passive equipment to relieve the core degradation in severe accidents,realize the in-vessel retention of melt,and eliminate the ex-vessel release possibility of fission product.It is hoped that the results can provide references for HPR1000 to formulate the severe accident management guidelines(SAMG).

Passive Cooldown Performance of Integral Pressurized Water Reactor

The design of an integral pressurized water reactor (IPWR) focuses on enhancing the safety and reliability of the reactor by incorporating a number of inherent safety features and engineered safety features. However, the characteristics of passive safety systems for the marine reactors are quiet different from those for the land nuclear power plant because of the more formidable and dangerous operation environments of them. This paper presents results of marine black out accident analyses. In the case of a transient, the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) is designed to cool the reactor coolant system (RCS) from a normal operation condition to a hot shutdown condition by a natural circulation, and the shutdown cooling system (SCS) is designed to cool the primary system from a hot shutdown condition to a refueling condition by a forced circulation. A realistic calculation has been carried out by using the RELAP5/MOD3.4 code and a sensitivity analysis has been performed to evaluate a passive cooldown capability. The results of the accident analyses show that the reactor coolant system and the passive residual heat removal system adequately remove the core decay heat by a natural circulation.

汽车安全性测评规程现状及趋势展望

在汽车产业电动化和智能化进程中,汽车安全测试评价技术也从单纯被动安全向主被动安全融合方向延伸和扩展。本文从车内乘员保护、车外弱势道路使用者保护与主动安全三方面,深入对比分析了全球主流汽车安全测评规程的差异,总结了针对各测评工况的车辆安全开发技术要点,探讨了新能源与智能网联汽车安全测评规程的发展趋势。研究认为,主流汽车安全测评规程在被动安全评价方面越来越严格,主动安全测评工况比重在逐步增加,未来测评规程的发展重心将集中于主被动安全融合及针对复杂工况的虚拟测评两方面。此外,针对新能源汽车的电池安全测试已相对完善,未来研究重点可向电控系统测试、底盘稳定性测试和充换电设施与配套设备统一标准化认证等方向拓展;而构建合理、可靠的智能网联汽车OTA(over the air)测试、HMI(human machine interface)安全性和舒适性等测评方法,在中长期内将成为行业关注的重难点问题,且可借助自动驾驶模拟器等工具搭建虚实结合的复合测评体系。

矿井微震与电法耦合监测技术

随着煤炭资源开采区域、深度及强度的增加,矿井工作面采掘扰动极易诱发矿井突水事故,严重威胁我国煤炭资源安全开采。矿井水害事故的发生主要是岩体采动破裂与矿井水渗流共同作用的结果。研究表明,微震信号的纵横波到时、幅值、频率等参量可有效表征岩体破裂位置、强度及其震源机制,地电场信号中的电阻率、激励电流及自然电位等参量可有效表征岩体渗流演化过程。透水通道形成对应微震场特征,地下水渗流对应地电场特征,因此微震电法耦合方法对矿井水害孕育发展过程具有监测预警的功能,可有效对采动破坏过程中形成的突水通道、水源位置及渗流过程等水害三要素进行精准捕捉;减少单一地球物理方法多解性,提高水害监测预警精度,对煤矿防治水意义重大。当前,微震与电法耦合监测技术在煤矿水害实时动态监测中开始得到应用,突破传统微震与电法独立采集的局限,课题组自主研发了国内外首款煤安认证的微震与电法耦合并行监测系统,该系统以微震场与地电场并行采集基站为核心,集被动源微震波场与主被动地电场为一体,通过连接矿井物联网,实现远程数据采集控制、传输及云端存储;其一体化网络服务器主机可连接多个采集基站,并将微震检波器、电法激励电极与电位测量电极进行相互隔离、并行采集,形成微震事件密度与能级分布、电阻率分布、自然电位分布等时空云图来监测预判水害三要素。微震与电法耦合监测技术仍需在微震事件智能识别与定位、地电场的电阻率三维反演以及自然电位渗流反演方面进行专项攻关;结合并行监测的微震电法大数据集,重点在微震电法数据联合反演、智能化监测预警方向开展进一步研究。微震与电法耦合监测技术,作为矿井水害的主动预警监测新方法,可为我国智能化矿井建设发挥重要作用。

磁力馈能主动悬架稳定性分析

为了提高车辆行驶平顺性和安全性,提出了一种新型磁力馈能主动悬架,并研究其稳定性。采用BP神经网络PID控制算法(BP-PID)搭建磁力馈能主动悬架控制系统,利用MATLAB/Simulink进行理论仿真。建立B级和C级随机路面,仿真分析不同速度、不同等级下,磁力馈能主动悬架的稳定性。结果表明,相比于被动悬架效果和PID控制的磁力馈能主动悬架效果,采用BP-PID控制可明显提高悬架稳定性。B级随机路面60 km/h时车身垂直加速度改善了45.90%,证明了BP-PID控制的合理性,可有效提升悬架稳定性。

基于自适应代理模型的非能动系统可靠性分析

许多先进反应堆采用非能动设计来提高安全性,开展可靠性分析研究是推动其广泛应用的重要环节。由于非能动安全系统依赖于自然循环等物理法则实现系统功能,更容易受到不确定性因素的影响。热工水力过程失效是导致非能动系统失效的主要原因,而传统的故障树等方法无法分析这类失效概率。本文通过热工水力结果训练代理模型,并基于自适应抽样策略有效减少热工水力程序调用次数,通过高度非线性测试函数验证了算法的计算效率,并应用于某一体化压水堆的非能动余热排出系统。计算结果表明:采用自适应克里金模型相比于传统蒙特卡罗与传统克里金模型方法具有更高的计算效率。

基于液冷技术的电池热管理系统研究进展与热点分析

作为电动车辆、船舶的动力装置,锂离子电池在运行过程中的温度调控对其性能、安全和寿命至关重要。基于液冷技术的电池热管理系统具有冷却效率高、结构紧凑、调节能力强等优点,被广泛应用于动力电池热管理。为了把握电池液冷技术的研究进展与热点,从中国知网(CNKI)选取2013—2023年与动力电池液冷技术相关的198篇文献为数据源,借助文献计量软件VOSviewer,分别从载文量、期刊分布、科研机构、研究者、关键词等方面进行文献分析,在此基础上确定液冷板结构优化、液冷板运行参数和数值计算模型3个研究方向。研究表明,电池液冷技术的热点聚焦在微通道液冷板、耦合相变材料的主被动式综合热管理及电池热管理系统的多目标优化。

低能耗导向的建筑设计思考——以安溪梧桐中学宿舍楼项目为例

通过安溪梧桐中学实际项目设计,从主被动式节能技术措施角度分析低能耗设计理念在宿舍建筑设计中的运用,采用PVsyst与Ecotect软件对建筑光伏发电量与建筑低能耗设计方案进行模拟研究,为营造低碳生态、舒适宜居的宿舍空间做出探索。

预制动碰撞工况对乘员安全性的影响分析

随着汽车主动安全技术的发展,越来越多的汽车配置有自动紧急制动系统。目前,该系统还无法完全避免汽车碰撞事故的发生,且在发生碰撞前,车辆存在减速制动的过程。针对上述预制动,再发生碰撞的新型耦合工况,利用试验室加速台车系统,开展了预制动工况和预制动碰撞工况的试验,并基于试验数据,研究分析了两种工况中假人姿态的运动情况,以及预制动波形对假人伤害性能的影响。

网络安全中的威胁情报整合与VMware基础设施的主动安全措施

随着数字化时代到来,网络安全问题日益突出。文章旨在探讨网络安全中的威胁情报整合与VMware基础设施的主动安全措施。其中,威胁情报整合是一项关键活动,有助于组织更好地了解网络威胁,并加强防御措施,以提高对潜在攻击的应对能力。而在虚拟化环境中(如VMware基础设施),主动安全措施将成为维护系统完整性和安全性不可或缺的一部分。

Active and passive compliant force control of ultrasonic surface rolling process on a curved surface

Ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)is one of the effective mechanical surface enhancement techniques.During the USRP,unstable static force will easily do harm to the surface quality.In order to achieve a higher surface quality on the part with a curved surface,an active and passive compliant USRP system has been developed.The compliant USRP tool can produce the natural obedience deformation along the part surface.Force control based on the fuzzy Proportional-integral-derivative(PID)method is then designed to maintain the static force during the USRP.Experiments have been performed on a real aero-engine blade with curved surface.It is proved that the deigned active and passive compliant USRP system can significantly reduce the force variation from 42.2 N to 4.2 N,and achieve a uniform surface quality after processing.

An Overview of Passive and Active Dust Detection Methods Using Satellite Measurements

In this paper,the methods to detect dust based on passive and active measurements from satellites have been summarized.These include the visible and infrared（VIR） method,thermal infrared（TIR） method,microwave polarized index（MPI） method,active lidar-based method,and combined lidar and infrared measurement（CLIM） method.The VIR method can identify dust during daytime.Using measurements at wavelengths of 8.5,11.0,and 12.0 fan,the TIR method can distinguish dust from other types of aerosols and cloud,and identify the occurrence of dust over bright surfaces and during night.Since neither the VIR nor the TIR method can penetrate ice clouds,they cannot detect dust beneath ice clouds.The MPI method,however,can identify about 85%of the dust beneath ice clouds.Meanwhile,the active lidar-based method,which uses the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization（CALIOP） data and five-dimensional probability distribution functions,can provide very high-resolution vertical profiles of dust aerosols.Nonetheless,as the signals from dense dust and thin clouds are similar in the CALIOP measurements,the lidar-based method may fail to distinguish between them,especially over dust source regions.To address this issue,the CLIM method was developed,which takes the advantages of both TIR measurements（to discriminate between ice cloud and dense dust layers） and lidar measurements（to detect thin dust and water cloud layers）.The results obtained by using the new CLIM method show that the ratio of dust misclassification has been significantly reduced.Finally,a concept module for an integrated multi-satellites dust detection system was proposed to overcome some of the weaknesses inherent in the single-sensor dust detection.

星载二氧化碳探测研究进展

二氧化碳(CO_(2))是大气中最典型的温室气体,大气中CO_(2)浓度持续增加是全球气温升高的主要原因。温度升高导致自然环境恶劣,各类自然灾害频发,极端天气数量增加,对人类生活环境造成巨大的影响,因此推动绿色低碳发展势在必行。准确监测CO_(2)的排放,了解CO_(2)源和汇的分布,是遏制大气CO_(2)浓度升高、减缓全球变暖的前提条件。因此,准确获取全球范围内高精度时空分辨率的CO_(2)观测数据十分必要。卫星遥感可以有效观测CO_(2)的全球分布,获取大范围高精度数据。本文旨在对目前用于大气CO_(2)探测的卫星载荷发展状况进行综述,包括基于被动遥感CO_(2)的卫星现状和数据产品、基于主动遥感CO_(2)的卫星的研制情况和目前的主要工作进展。

载人月球车稳定操控策略设计与优化

为实现高效率大范围的月面探索,载人月球车必须要能够克服月表低重力特性及非结构化月面环境带来的诸多不利影响。为此,提出了一种采用分层架构的载人月球车稳定操控策略,可完成整车全轮力矩矢量分配控制,实现车辆在行驶过程中的驱动防滑及稳定转向目标;同时,策略融合了差动制动防侧翻控制方法与车轮腾空检测报警方法,有效提升了载人月球车在高速行驶过程中的操控稳定性及主被动安全性能。基于MATLAB/Simulink环境完成了不同附着条件下移动操控策略的仿真分析,同时基于原理样机进行了实车验证。仿真及试验结果表明,所提出的移动操控策略合理有效,控制结果良好,适用于具有分布式驱动转向特点的轮式星球车辆,工程应用价值较高。

太赫兹射频器件与集成技术研究

无线通信、探测感知、安全检测、人工智能等民用和国防电子信息技术的不断快速发展与演进,对太赫兹(0.1~1 THz)技术提出了越来越迫切的应用需求。太赫兹波段具有丰富的频谱带宽资源,其宽带特性可以支撑未来6G高速率通信、新一代高分辨雷达系统性能的实现。同时,太赫兹通信和探测必须克服高频率、短波长所带来的高传播路径衰减、激增的无源器件与互连损耗以及有源器件功率生成和效率难题。本文将回顾太赫兹射频器件与集成技术的发展现状,阐述上海交通大学团队通过新型无源、有源器件与天线及其先进封装等技术方法,整体提升太赫兹前端系统性能的相关研究进展。

一体化PET/MR设备质量控制方法研究

目的:研究一体化正电子发射断层扫描与磁共振(PET/MR)设备质量控制方法。方法:依据国家标准《放射性核素成像设备性能和试验规则第1部分:正电子发射断层成像装置》、美国国家电器制造商协会《正电子发射断层成像装置性能测试》和PET/MR相关设备厂家发布的设备日常质量保证(DQA)内容,建立一套适于临床实际的质量控制方法和技术流程,对uPMR790型PET/MR设备进行质量控制,统计分析其692次无源质量控制和90次有源质量控制的系统均值、漂移区间、标准差和通过率,以及设备运行期间522次系统水温度和液氦量变化情况。结果:692次PET/MR无源质量控制的系统均值和标准差中的最高温度、最低温度、电压、最高计数率和最低计数率均在正常区间内,通过率均为100%。90次PET/MR有源质量控制的系统查找表(LUT)漂移和飞行时间(TOF)状态通过率均为100%,能量漂移和采集系统漂移(CMAP)状态通过率分别为98%和99%,经再次检测,通过率均达100%。522次PET/MR中的磁共振(MR)系统水温度和液氦量通过率均为100%。结论:所建立的PET/MR设备质量控制方法能够精确掌握设备运行情况,科学客观地评价设备状态,对设备硬件稳定性和图像及报告准确性均至关重要。