A deregulated power market is making short-circuit currents likely to exceed the thermal or mechanical permissible limits of switchgear. Consequently fault current limiters (FCL) become more necessary in power syste...A deregulated power market is making short-circuit currents likely to exceed the thermal or mechanical permissible limits of switchgear. Consequently fault current limiters (FCL) become more necessary in power systems. The use of FCLs has an impact on the protection schemes and functions in power systems. Thus, before FCLs can be applied in the network, the impacts on existing protection system must be understood. Depending on the current limiting technique used, today's protection concepts may have to be adapted or revised to ensure proper network protection selectivity. A relationship between fault current limiters and protection schemes should be established by taking into account both protection and network specific issues, such as the impact of different FCL technologies, existing and new protection concepts, selectivity and innovative network. This paper is presenting a frame work for accomplishing this task.展开更多
Protection of radial distribution networks is widely based on coordinated inverse time overcurrent relays (OCRs) ensuring both effectiveness and selectivity. However, the integration of distributed generation (DG) int...Protection of radial distribution networks is widely based on coordinated inverse time overcurrent relays (OCRs) ensuring both effectiveness and selectivity. However, the integration of distributed generation (DG) into an existing distribution network not only inevitably increases fault current levels to levels that may exceed the OCR ratings, but it may also disturb the original overcurrent relay coordination adversely effecting protection selectivity. To analyze the potentially adverse impact of DG on distribution system protective devices with respect to circuit breaker ratings and OCR coordination fault current studies are carried out for common reference test system under the influence of additional DG. The possible advantages of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) as a means to limit the adverse effect of DG on distribution system protection and their effectiveness will be demonstrated. Furthermore, minimum SFCL impedances required to avoid miss-operation of the primary and back-up OCRs are determined. The theoretical analysis will be validated using the IEEE 13-bus distribution test system is used. Both theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed application of SFCL is a viable option to effectively mitigate the DG impact on protective devices, thus enhancing the reliability of distribution network interfaced with DG.展开更多
Distributed generation units(DGUs)bring some problems to the existing protection system,such as those associated with protection blinding and sympathetic tripping.It is known that fault current limiters(FCLs)help mini...Distributed generation units(DGUs)bring some problems to the existing protection system,such as those associated with protection blinding and sympathetic tripping.It is known that fault current limiters(FCLs)help minimize the negative impact of DGUs on the protection system.In this paper,a control-based FCL is proposed,i.e.,the FCL is integrated into the DGU control law.To this end,a predictive control strategy with fault current limitation is suggested.In this way,a DGU is controlled,not only for power exchange with the power grid but also to limit its fault current contribution.The proposal is posed as a constrained optimization problem allowing taking into account the current limit explicitly in the design process as a closed-loop solution.A linear approximation is proposed to cope with the inherent nonlinear constraints.The proposal does not require incorporating extra equipment or mechanisms in the control loop,making the design process simple.To evaluate the proposed control-based FCL,both protection blinding and sympathetic tripping scenarios are considered.The control confines the DGU currents within the constraints quickly,avoiding large transient peaks.Therefore,the impact on the protection system is reduced without the necessity that the DGU goes out of service.展开更多
In the voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)grids,fast and reliable protections are the key technologies.The traditional protection schemes are easily affected by fault resistance,line d...In the voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)grids,fast and reliable protections are the key technologies.The traditional protection schemes are easily affected by fault resistance,line distributed capacitance,etc.Meanwhile,the influence of fault current limiting strategy(FCLS)has not been fully considered.In this paper,the fault characteristics under FCLS and the feasibility of traditional travelling wave protections are analyzed.To improve the reliability and sensibility,a similarity comparison based pilot protection scheme is proposed,which focuses on the relationship between the fault characteristics and the state of the protected transmission line,with the establishment of a precise frequencydependent transmission line model.The criteria based on the similarity comparison calculated by cross-wavelet can identify the fault effectively.Meanwhile,the protection scheme can also endure the influence of error synchronization.Finally,the protection performance is verified in the PSCAD/EMTDC under different fault conditions.展开更多
文摘A deregulated power market is making short-circuit currents likely to exceed the thermal or mechanical permissible limits of switchgear. Consequently fault current limiters (FCL) become more necessary in power systems. The use of FCLs has an impact on the protection schemes and functions in power systems. Thus, before FCLs can be applied in the network, the impacts on existing protection system must be understood. Depending on the current limiting technique used, today's protection concepts may have to be adapted or revised to ensure proper network protection selectivity. A relationship between fault current limiters and protection schemes should be established by taking into account both protection and network specific issues, such as the impact of different FCL technologies, existing and new protection concepts, selectivity and innovative network. This paper is presenting a frame work for accomplishing this task.
文摘Protection of radial distribution networks is widely based on coordinated inverse time overcurrent relays (OCRs) ensuring both effectiveness and selectivity. However, the integration of distributed generation (DG) into an existing distribution network not only inevitably increases fault current levels to levels that may exceed the OCR ratings, but it may also disturb the original overcurrent relay coordination adversely effecting protection selectivity. To analyze the potentially adverse impact of DG on distribution system protective devices with respect to circuit breaker ratings and OCR coordination fault current studies are carried out for common reference test system under the influence of additional DG. The possible advantages of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) as a means to limit the adverse effect of DG on distribution system protection and their effectiveness will be demonstrated. Furthermore, minimum SFCL impedances required to avoid miss-operation of the primary and back-up OCRs are determined. The theoretical analysis will be validated using the IEEE 13-bus distribution test system is used. Both theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed application of SFCL is a viable option to effectively mitigate the DG impact on protective devices, thus enhancing the reliability of distribution network interfaced with DG.
基金supported in part by the Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)Project I255in part by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)PIPN°112-2015-0100496COin part by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT)PICT N°2015-2257。
文摘Distributed generation units(DGUs)bring some problems to the existing protection system,such as those associated with protection blinding and sympathetic tripping.It is known that fault current limiters(FCLs)help minimize the negative impact of DGUs on the protection system.In this paper,a control-based FCL is proposed,i.e.,the FCL is integrated into the DGU control law.To this end,a predictive control strategy with fault current limitation is suggested.In this way,a DGU is controlled,not only for power exchange with the power grid but also to limit its fault current contribution.The proposal is posed as a constrained optimization problem allowing taking into account the current limit explicitly in the design process as a closed-loop solution.A linear approximation is proposed to cope with the inherent nonlinear constraints.The proposal does not require incorporating extra equipment or mechanisms in the control loop,making the design process simple.To evaluate the proposed control-based FCL,both protection blinding and sympathetic tripping scenarios are considered.The control confines the DGU currents within the constraints quickly,avoiding large transient peaks.Therefore,the impact on the protection system is reduced without the necessity that the DGU goes out of service.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaState Grid Joint Fund for Smart Grid(No.U2066210)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52007003)。
文摘In the voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)grids,fast and reliable protections are the key technologies.The traditional protection schemes are easily affected by fault resistance,line distributed capacitance,etc.Meanwhile,the influence of fault current limiting strategy(FCLS)has not been fully considered.In this paper,the fault characteristics under FCLS and the feasibility of traditional travelling wave protections are analyzed.To improve the reliability and sensibility,a similarity comparison based pilot protection scheme is proposed,which focuses on the relationship between the fault characteristics and the state of the protected transmission line,with the establishment of a precise frequencydependent transmission line model.The criteria based on the similarity comparison calculated by cross-wavelet can identify the fault effectively.Meanwhile,the protection scheme can also endure the influence of error synchronization.Finally,the protection performance is verified in the PSCAD/EMTDC under different fault conditions.