Application of integrated geophysical techniques in geothermal exploration in Binhai County, Jiangsu Province

Integrated geophysical technology is a necessary and effective means for geothermal exploration.However,integration of geophysical technology for large‐scale surveys with those for geothermal reservoir localization is still in development.This study used the controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric method technology for large‐scale exploration to obtain underground electrical structure information and micromotion detection technology to obtain underground wave velocity structure information.The combination of two detection technologies was used for local identification of geothermal reservoirs.Further,auxiliary correction and inversion constraint were implemented through the audio magnetotelluric sounding technology for maximum authenticity restoration of the near‐and transition‐field data.Through these technology improvements,a geothermal geological model was established for the Binhai County of Jiangsu Province in China and potential geothermal well locations were identified.On this basis,a geothermal well was drilled nearly 3000m deep,with a daily water volume of over 2000m3/day and a geothermal water temperature of 51°C at the well head.It is found that predictions using the above integrated geophysical exploration technology are in good agreement with the well geological formation data.This integrated geophysical technology can be effectively applied for geothermal exploration with high precision and reliability.

Research progress in geophysical exploration of the Antarctic ice sheet

The Antarctic ice sheet is an important target of Antarctic research.Thickness and structure,including intraice and subice,are closely related to the mass balance of the ice sheet,and play an important role in the study of global sea level and climate change.Subglacial topography is an important basis for studying ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet evolution.This paper briefly reviews the geophysical detection methods and research status of the Antarctic ice sheet:(1)Conventional methods such as ice radar are the main methods for studying the ice sheet today,and passive source seismic methods such as the receiver function method,H/V method and P-wave coda autocorrelation method have good development prospects;(2)the high-resolution(1 km)ice thickness and subglacial topographic database BEDMAP2 established based on various data has greatly improved the ability to detect internal isochronous layers,anisotropic layers,and temperature changes within ice and has advanced research on ice sheet evolution;and(3)ice radar,numerical simulation and core drilling are the main methods to study subglacial lakes and sediments.More than 400 subglacial lakes have been confirmed,and more than 12000 simulation results have been obtained.Research on the Antarctic ice sheet faces enormous challenges and is of great urgency.Aiming at hot issues,such as Antarctic geological evolution,glacial retreat,ice sheet melting and their relationships with global climate change,it is the frontier and trend of future Antarctic ice sheet research to carry out multidisciplinary and multicountry comprehensive geophysical exploration based on the traditional ice radar method combined with passive seismic methods,especially new technologies such as short-period dense array technology,unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial intelligence.This is expected to further promote Antarctic research.

Real data extraction process and procedure of geophysical exploration profile

In this paper,we present an open python procedure with Jupyter notebook,for data extraction and vectorization of geophysical explo ration profile.Constrained by observation routes and traffic conditions,geophysical exploration profiles tend to bend curved roads for easy observation,however,it must be projected onto a straight line when data processing and analyzing.After projection,we don’t know the true position of the obtained crustal structure.Nonetheless,when the results used as an initial constraint condition for other geophysical inversion,such as gravity inversion,we need to know the true position of the data rather than the distance to the starting point.We solved this problem by profile vectorization and reprojection.The method can be used for extraction data of various geophysical exploration profiles,such as seismic reflection profiles,gravity profiles.

Achievements and Prospects of CNPC in Petroleum Geophysical Exploration

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Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

Research and Application of Advanced Detection of Water Hazards in Coal Mine Bore-Hole

For many years, the “short excavation and short exploration” excavation mode has been mainly used in the underground tunnel excavation of coal mines, which is difficult to meet the needs of rapid tunnel excavation. For this reason, CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute has innovatively proposed a new working mode of “long excavation and long exploration” using directional long drilling and borehole geophysical exploration. This method utilizes directional long boreholes that have already been constructed, and uses transient electromagnetic technology in the borehole to detect the radial range of 30 meters and the depth exceeding 1000 meters of the borehole, ultimately forming a three-dimensional imaging of the entire spatial geological anomaly body, providing reliable technical support for the safety and long-term excavation of the tunnel. This paper introduces the application which is a long-distance advanced detection of 1026 m. .

Geological Conditions and Petroleum Exploration Potential of the Albertine Graben of Uganda

The Albertine Graben in western Uganda is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basin with petroleum exploration potential. A fundamental evaluation of petroleum potential of the graben is given based on field research, data processing of gravity and magnetism, analysis of graben structure, geochemistry, reservoir and composition research. The basin has a double-layered framework and a large thickness of sediments. Gravity highs shown in a residual anomaly map might indicate central uplift zones. There exist at least two sets of mature or low-maturity source rocks corresponding to a certain source rock in the Cretaceous or Paleogene and Neogene strata. The graben has basement rock with potential reservoirs and Tertiary sandstone reservoirs and thus has petroleum exploration potential.

Key strategies for predictive exploration in mature environment: model innovation, exploration technology optimization and information integration

Prediction has become more and more difficult in mineral exploration, especially in the mature exploration environment such as Tongling copper district. For enhancing predictive discovery of hidden ore deposits in such mature environment, the key strategies which should be adopted include the innovation of the exploration models, application of the advanced exploration techniques and integration of multiple sets of information. The innovation of the exploration models should incorporate the new metallogenic concepts that are based on the geodynamic anatomization. The advanced techniques applied in the mature exploration environment should aim at the speciality and complexity of the geological setting and working environments. The information synthesis is to integrate multiple sets of data for giving a more credible and visual prospectivity map by using the geographic imformation system(GIS) and several mathematical methods, such as weight of evidence and fuzzy logic, which can extract useful information from every set of data as much as possible. Guided by these strategies, a predictive exploration in Fenghuangshan ore field of Tongling copper district was implemented, and a hidden ore deposit was discovered.

Geochemical and Geophysical Data Processing Aided by“Multifractal-Spectrum”Filters for GIS-Based Mineral Exploration

A recently developed method, on the bases of “multifractal spectrum” filters for mineral exploration, is introduced in this paper. The “multifractal spectrum” filters, a group of irregularly shaped filters that are constructed on each processed datum, can be used to separate various types of geochemical and geophysical anomalies. The basic model, with an emphasis on the GIS based implementation and the application to the geochemical and geophysical data processing for mineral exploration in southern Nova Scotia, Canada, indicates its advantage in the separation of multiple anomalies from the background.

Research on Integrated Planning Method of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

Under the requirement of high-quality development, the research method of integrated model planning for offshore oil and gas exploration and development suitable for the western South China Sea is put forward. Based on the new round of resource evaluation and exploration and development research in the western South China Sea, the in-depth research on underground oil and gas resources, surface development facilities, external factors and economic indexes are carried out to clarify the industrial layout of oil and gas development. The potential and prospect of oil and gas exploration and development were implemented, and the main external factors and corresponding measures affecting the planning were clarified in this paper. The economic evaluation model suitable for the region is established based on the analysis of internal rate of return, comprehensive barrel oil cost, critical price, financial net present value and other important indicators, and a set of planning and research methods suitable for the integration of exploration and development in the western South China Sea is finally formed. This method has been applied to the replacement reserve study of Weizhou X and Weizhou Y oil fields. It is found that the planned reserves and production are consistent with the actual ones, and good practical results have been achieved.

Exploration on Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Strategy for Treating Patients of Lung Cancer over 80 Years Old

Lung cancer incidence and mortality are much higher among elderly patients over 80 years'old.However,surgery,chemo and radiotherapy,target therapy all are refined in treating this population.This article summarized 3 types of over 80 years'old elderly cancer patient in real world,which include:1.advanced non-small cell lung cancer that cannot be tolerated by targeted therapy;2.Suspected lung malignancies for which a clear pathological diagnosis cannot be obtained;3.Advanced lung cancer with distance metastasis at first diagnosis.The current paper summarized real cases from YANG Yu-fei at Xiyuan Hospital and her traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods and experiences to guide further clinical practice were discussed and shared.

Research Progress of Geophysical Exploration in Karatungk Mine in Northern Xinjiang,China

Karatungk Mine in northern Xinjiang,China,which is a large-scale magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide mine in the Central Asian orogenic belt,has a long history of mining.The mine is located at the merging belt between Altay orogenic belt and Junggar Basin,and has strong tectonic activities.In recent years,mining source detection has become an important target for mineral exploration due to the difficulties in ore body exploitation.In this paper,we systematically summarize the achievements of the geophysical explorations in Karatungk Mine from various aspects,including tectonic backgrounds of the mine,dynamic mechanisms,geophysical characteristics and scientific challenges in the future.Because of the restrictions of observation density and analysis methods,the fine geometrical structure of the mine cannot be completely characterized yet.Therefore,in order to obtain the high-resolution structure and detailed spatial distribution of orebodies,researchers should focus on combining multiple geophysical methods,developing high-resolution imaging methods,and improving petro physical experiments in the future.

The Geological-Geophysical-Geochemical Exploration Model of the Nancha Type Gold Deposit in Tonghua Area, Jilin Province

The Laoling metallogenic belt is very important for precious and non-ferrous metal deposits in Jilin province, and the Nancha gold deposit found and explored in recent years in the metallogenic belt is the most representative one in the belt. The geological controls of the deposit,and the geophysical and geochemical ore searching indicators are summarized, and a synthetic exploration model, involving data from geology, geophysics and geochemistry and so on, is set up in the paper based on the study on the geological controls of the ores, on the measurement of geophysical properties of the ores and host rocks, on the observation of geophysical field around the mineralized district and on the research of the geochemical characte^ristics of the deposit. It is believed to be of significance to the exploration of the similar deposits in the metallogenic belt.

Advance and Economic Benefit Made in PetroleumIntegrated Exploration of CNPC

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Review on Deep Geophysical Exploration and Research in China

The status of deep geophysical exploration and research in China is summarized in this paper. New achievements in the study of the velocity structure, seismotectonics and geodynamics of the crust and upper mantle are also briefly described.

Discussion on the Theoretical Guidance and Practical Exploration of the Integrated Development of Aesthetic Education and Moral Education in Colleges and Universities

Innovative integration is the development trend of education reform in recent years.Teachers can try to promote the high integration of aesthetic education and moral education from the establishment of music studios,and form a“three-in-one”education and education integration mechanism of classroom teaching,extracurricular activities,and campus culture construction,so as to inherit and innovate the outstanding Chinese traditional music culture and red music culture,and explore the necessity and feasibility of the complementary and integrated development between aesthetic education and moral education.Under the background that the country attaches great importance to inheriting and developing the excellent Chinese traditional culture,taking the integration of music education into college students’moral education as the starting point,exploring the effective ways of vocal music,instrumental music,opera,Chinese folk art,dance,rap and other artistic works to cultivate national builders and successors who have comprehensive development of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetic,and labor will be definitely to improve the humanistic quality of university and college students,which promotes the Chinese excellent traditional music culture and red music culture,trains college music talents,etc.,and promotes the integration and development of large,medium and small aesthetic education and moral education.

China's shale gas exploration and development: Understanding and practice

Through detailed analyses of the distribution characteristics of organic-rich shale, appearance features of high-quality shale, microscopic characteristics of shale reservoir rocks, fracability, and the relationship between preservation conditions and shale gas enrichment in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, theoretical understandings and specific suggestions with respect to the exploration and development of shale gas in China are summarized and proposed respectively. Important geological understandings in the exploration and development of shale gas of the Wufeng Formation–Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin can be summarized into the following aspects: depositional environment and depositional process control the distribution of organic-rich shale; high quality shale in "sweet spot segments" are commonly characterized by high content of organic carbon, high brittleness, high porosity and gas content; organic pores are important storage space for the enrichment of shale gas; preservation conditions are the key factor for the geological evaluation of shale gas in structurally complex regions; shale gas can be considered as "artificial gas reservoirs" and the fracability assessment is essential for high-production; nanoscale storage space and the mode of occurrence control the special seepage characteristics of shale gas. The following suggestions are proposed for the development of China's shale gas industry:(1) focus more on fundamental research to achieve new breakthrough in the geological theory of shale gas;(2) emphasize exploration practices to have all-round discoveries in multiple strata;(3) study the regularities of development and production to establish new models of shale gas development;(4) think creatively to invent new technologies to tackle key problems;(5) explore the management innovation to create new mechanisms in shale gas development.

Inexpensive Geophysical Instruments Supporting Groundwater Exploration in Developing Nations

Geophysical methods are often used to aid in exploration for safe and abundant groundwater. In particular resistivity and seismic refraction methods are helpful in determining depth to bedrock and zones of saturation in the subsurface. However the expense of these instruments ($5000 to $20,000) has resulted in their limited use in developing countries. This paper describes how to construct these devices for less than $250 each. The instruments are small, light and robust and are as useful for groundwater exploration as the commercial models for shallow aquifers (less than 35 m deep) where wells can be hand dug, augured or drilled with small portable drill rigs. Data interpretation can be accomplished quickly in the field with free software implemented on a laptop computer. A suite of geophysical instruments and software can therefore be assembled for less than $850. This paper gives the design for these instruments and essential information needed to use them. It is hoped that these inexpensive geophysical instruments can be widely distributed among drillers and aid workers in developing countries, improving the success rate of water wells.

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described;they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.