Integrated energy system optimization scheduling can improve energy efficiency and low carbon economy.This paper studies an electric-gas-heat integrated energy system,including the carbon capture system,energy couplin...Integrated energy system optimization scheduling can improve energy efficiency and low carbon economy.This paper studies an electric-gas-heat integrated energy system,including the carbon capture system,energy coupling equipment,and renewable energy.An energy scheduling strategy based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to minimize operation cost,carbon emission and enhance the power supply reliability.Firstly,the lowcarbon mathematical model of combined thermal and power unit,carbon capture system and power to gas unit(CCP)is established.Subsequently,we establish a low carbon multi-objective optimization model considering system operation cost,carbon emissions cost,integrated demand response,wind and photovoltaic curtailment,and load shedding costs.Furthermore,considering the intermittency of wind power generation and the flexibility of load demand,the low carbon economic dispatch problem is modeled as a Markov decision process.The twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)algorithm is used to solve the complex scheduling problem.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the simulation case studies.Compared with TD3,SAC,A3C,DDPG and DQN algorithms,the operating cost is reduced by 8.6%,4.3%,6.1%and 8.0%.展开更多
As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve t...As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.展开更多
This paper presents a wide-bandwidth back-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)packaged with standard WR-5 rectangular waveguide for high-speed wireless communications.With optimized epitaxy s...This paper presents a wide-bandwidth back-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)packaged with standard WR-5 rectangular waveguide for high-speed wireless communications.With optimized epitaxy structure and coplanar waveguide electrodes,the fabricated 4-μm-diameter PD exhibits ultra-flat frequency response and high saturation power.Integrated passive circuits including low-loss bias-tee and E-plane probe are designed to package the PD into a compact module with waveguide output.The packaged PD module has demonstrated a flat frequency response with fluctuations within±2.75 d B over a broadband of 140–220 GHz and a high saturated output power of-7.8 d Bm(166μW)at 140 GHz.For wireless communication applications,the packaged PD is used to implement 1-m free space transmission at carrier frequencies of 150.5 and 210.5 GHz,with transmission rates of 75 and 90 Gbps,respectively.展开更多
From the view of current condition and developing trend of the debt scale in Chinese local government,if it could not be controlled by an effective way,the debt crisis will explode in the near future.According to the ...From the view of current condition and developing trend of the debt scale in Chinese local government,if it could not be controlled by an effective way,the debt crisis will explode in the near future.According to the regional distribution in our country,except for Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Hainan,the debt risk mainly concentrates in the western region.In a further step,it can be seen that this risk of debt is resulted by the imbalanced relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”which contains none-accordance of debt power(such as debt financing power),confusion of debt responsibility(such as debt management responsibility)and distortion of debt interests(such as the private benefit and the public interests).If we want to correct this problem,the keynote is to prevent the local government’s debt to be used by the purpose of reaching the private interests.Actually,it should play a role that the local debt financing takes to the“faithful”service for the social interests.For realizing this purpose,it should keep eyes on the relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”,which is the most important factor as for setting up the control system of debt risk about our local governments.Particularly,it includes the following aspects.First of all,it should find the right time to empower the local government with the debt power.Secondly,on the basis of both positive and negative sides,it should design a system to restrict the debt responsibility in the local government,in order to solve the problems such as new debt,invalid debt and overdue debt expansion.Thirdly,it should propose the guidance mechanism to realize the convergence from the private benefit to the social interests on the local debt.展开更多
Granular power management in a power-efficient system on a chip(SoC)requires multiple integrated voltage regulators with a small area,process scalability,and low supply voltage.Conventional on-chip analog low-dropout ...Granular power management in a power-efficient system on a chip(SoC)requires multiple integrated voltage regulators with a small area,process scalability,and low supply voltage.Conventional on-chip analog low-dropout regulators(ALDOs)can hardly meet these requirements,while digital LDOs(DLDOs)are good alternatives.However,the conventional DLDO,with synchronous control,has inherently slow transient response limited by the power-speed trade-off.Meanwhile,it has a poor power supply rejection(PSR),because the fully turned-on power switches in DLDO are vulnerable to power supply ripples.In this comparative study on DLDOs,first,we compare the pros and cons between ALDO and DLDO in general.Then,we summarize the recent DLDO advanced techniques for fast transient response and PSR enhancement.Finally,we discuss the design trends and possible directions of DLDO.展开更多
“双碳”目标背景下,为解决热电联产机组“以热定电”模式导致的大规模弃风问题,本文提出基于先进绝热压缩空气储能电站(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)和综合需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy sy...“双碳”目标背景下,为解决热电联产机组“以热定电”模式导致的大规模弃风问题,本文提出基于先进绝热压缩空气储能电站(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)和综合需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)供暖期弃风消纳策略。首先,在“源-储”两侧建立热电联产机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行模型,分析耦合运行实现热电解耦机理;其次,在“荷”侧引入价格型和替代型需求响应机制来探寻负荷侧优化系统调度潜力;然后,在IES中引入碳捕集系统和阶梯型碳交易机制来约束碳排放,并在碳排放量最少、综合成本最低为目标构建IES运行基础上,引入模糊机会规划约束模型来分析风、光不确定性对系统调度影响;最后,利用西北某地区实际数据进行算例验证。结果表明:热电机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行相较于未耦合运行可提高风电消纳率84.55%、降低总成本11.42%、减少碳排放20.28%;综合需求响应机制的引入可进一步提高风电消纳率35.00%、降低总成本20.93%、减少碳排放24.43%;风光不确定性的上升会提高与外部电网的交互成本。展开更多
基金supported in part by the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department under Grant LQGD2019005in part by the Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grant 2020-BS-141.
文摘Integrated energy system optimization scheduling can improve energy efficiency and low carbon economy.This paper studies an electric-gas-heat integrated energy system,including the carbon capture system,energy coupling equipment,and renewable energy.An energy scheduling strategy based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to minimize operation cost,carbon emission and enhance the power supply reliability.Firstly,the lowcarbon mathematical model of combined thermal and power unit,carbon capture system and power to gas unit(CCP)is established.Subsequently,we establish a low carbon multi-objective optimization model considering system operation cost,carbon emissions cost,integrated demand response,wind and photovoltaic curtailment,and load shedding costs.Furthermore,considering the intermittency of wind power generation and the flexibility of load demand,the low carbon economic dispatch problem is modeled as a Markov decision process.The twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)algorithm is used to solve the complex scheduling problem.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the simulation case studies.Compared with TD3,SAC,A3C,DDPG and DQN algorithms,the operating cost is reduced by 8.6%,4.3%,6.1%and 8.0%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.52107107).
文摘As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB2803002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62235005,62127814,62225405,61975093,61927811,61991443,61925104 and 61974080)Collaborative Innovation Centre of Solid-State Lighting and Energy-Saving Electronics.
文摘This paper presents a wide-bandwidth back-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)packaged with standard WR-5 rectangular waveguide for high-speed wireless communications.With optimized epitaxy structure and coplanar waveguide electrodes,the fabricated 4-μm-diameter PD exhibits ultra-flat frequency response and high saturation power.Integrated passive circuits including low-loss bias-tee and E-plane probe are designed to package the PD into a compact module with waveguide output.The packaged PD module has demonstrated a flat frequency response with fluctuations within±2.75 d B over a broadband of 140–220 GHz and a high saturated output power of-7.8 d Bm(166μW)at 140 GHz.For wireless communication applications,the packaged PD is used to implement 1-m free space transmission at carrier frequencies of 150.5 and 210.5 GHz,with transmission rates of 75 and 90 Gbps,respectively.
文摘From the view of current condition and developing trend of the debt scale in Chinese local government,if it could not be controlled by an effective way,the debt crisis will explode in the near future.According to the regional distribution in our country,except for Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Hainan,the debt risk mainly concentrates in the western region.In a further step,it can be seen that this risk of debt is resulted by the imbalanced relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”which contains none-accordance of debt power(such as debt financing power),confusion of debt responsibility(such as debt management responsibility)and distortion of debt interests(such as the private benefit and the public interests).If we want to correct this problem,the keynote is to prevent the local government’s debt to be used by the purpose of reaching the private interests.Actually,it should play a role that the local debt financing takes to the“faithful”service for the social interests.For realizing this purpose,it should keep eyes on the relationship among“power,responsibility and interests”,which is the most important factor as for setting up the control system of debt risk about our local governments.Particularly,it includes the following aspects.First of all,it should find the right time to empower the local government with the debt power.Secondly,on the basis of both positive and negative sides,it should design a system to restrict the debt responsibility in the local government,in order to solve the problems such as new debt,invalid debt and overdue debt expansion.Thirdly,it should propose the guidance mechanism to realize the convergence from the private benefit to the social interests on the local debt.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61974046)the Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong(2019B010140002)the Macao Science&Technology Development Fund(FDCT)145/2019/A3 and SKL-AMSV(UM)-2020-2022.
文摘Granular power management in a power-efficient system on a chip(SoC)requires multiple integrated voltage regulators with a small area,process scalability,and low supply voltage.Conventional on-chip analog low-dropout regulators(ALDOs)can hardly meet these requirements,while digital LDOs(DLDOs)are good alternatives.However,the conventional DLDO,with synchronous control,has inherently slow transient response limited by the power-speed trade-off.Meanwhile,it has a poor power supply rejection(PSR),because the fully turned-on power switches in DLDO are vulnerable to power supply ripples.In this comparative study on DLDOs,first,we compare the pros and cons between ALDO and DLDO in general.Then,we summarize the recent DLDO advanced techniques for fast transient response and PSR enhancement.Finally,we discuss the design trends and possible directions of DLDO.
文摘“双碳”目标背景下,为解决热电联产机组“以热定电”模式导致的大规模弃风问题,本文提出基于先进绝热压缩空气储能电站(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)和综合需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)供暖期弃风消纳策略。首先,在“源-储”两侧建立热电联产机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行模型,分析耦合运行实现热电解耦机理;其次,在“荷”侧引入价格型和替代型需求响应机制来探寻负荷侧优化系统调度潜力;然后,在IES中引入碳捕集系统和阶梯型碳交易机制来约束碳排放,并在碳排放量最少、综合成本最低为目标构建IES运行基础上,引入模糊机会规划约束模型来分析风、光不确定性对系统调度影响;最后,利用西北某地区实际数据进行算例验证。结果表明:热电机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行相较于未耦合运行可提高风电消纳率84.55%、降低总成本11.42%、减少碳排放20.28%;综合需求响应机制的引入可进一步提高风电消纳率35.00%、降低总成本20.93%、减少碳排放24.43%;风光不确定性的上升会提高与外部电网的交互成本。