Valorization of mining waste and tailings through paste backfilling solution, Imiter operation, Morocco

Mine waste and process tailings storage is one of important challenge for which mining operations are increasingly confronted. Treatment discharges of plants and main part of waste rock development are generally stored on surface areas. The volume and chemical characteristics of these materials generate serious problem for required storage spaces and mainly environmental degradation. Paste backfill(PBF) is one of ingenious solutions to minimize the quantity of tailings to store. PBF is basically defined as a combination of mine processing tailings, binder, and water mixing. The purpose of this paper is to present backfilling components characterization and formula verification for a waste valorization solution through paste backfilling technology in Imiter operation. Obtained results and realized analysis demonstrate PBF conformity and adequacy with assigned underground functions. However the studied recipe can be more ameliorated to obtain an optimal mixture ensuring the required mechanical strength.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining

Aiming to address the following major engineering issues faced by the Pingdingshan No. 12 mine:(1) difficulty in implementing auxiliary lifting because of its depth(i.e., beyond 1000 m);(2) highly gassy main coal seam with low permeability;(3) unstable overlying coal seam without suitable conditions for implementing conventional mining techniques for protective coal seam; and(4) predominant reliance on ‘‘under three" coal resources to ensure production output. This study proposes an integrated, closed-cycle mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining(MDGBM) technique. The proposed approach involves the mining of protective coal seam, underground dressing of coal and gangue(UDCG), pressure relief and gas drainage before extraction, and backfilling and mining of the protected coal seam. A system for draining gas and mining the protective seam in the rock stratum is designed and implemented based on the geological conditions. This system helps in realizing pressure relief and gas drainage from the protective seam before extraction. Accordingly, another system, which is connected to the existing production system, is established for the UDCG based on the dense medium-shallow trough process. The mixed mining workface is designed to accommodate both solid backfill and conventional fully mechanized coal mining, thereby facilitating coal mining, USCG, and backfilling. The results show that: The mixed mining workface length for the Ji15-31010 protected seam was 220 m with coal production capacity 1.2 million tons per year, while the backfill capacity of gangue was 0.5 million tons per year. The gas pressure decreased from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, and the total amount of safely mined coal was 1.34 million tons. The process of simultaneously exploiting coal and draining gas was found to be safe, efficient, and green.This process also yielded significant economic benefits.

The integrated monitoring system for running parameters of key mining equipment based on condition monitoring technology

An integrated monitoring system for running parameters of key mining equipmenton the basis of condition monitoring technology and modern communication networktechnology was developed.The system consists of a client computer with functions ofsignal acquisition and processing, and a host computer in the central control room.Thesignal acquisition module of the client computer can collect the running parameters fromvarious monitoring terminals in real-time.The DSP high-speed data processing system ofthe main control module can quickly achieve the numerical calculation for the collectedsignal.The signal modulation and signal demodulation are completed by the frequencyshift keying circuit and phase-locked loop frequency circuit, respectively.Finally, the signalis sent to the host computer for logic estimation and diagnostic analysis using the networkcommunication technology, which is helpful for technicians and managers to control therunning state of equipment.

A Survey of Web Information System and Applications

The fourth international conference on Web information systems and applications （WISA 2007） has received 409 submissions and has accepted 37 papers for publication in this issue. The papers cover broad research areas, including Web mining and data warehouse, Deep Web and Web integration, P2P networks, text processing and information retrieval, as well as Web Services and Web infrastructure. After briefly introducing the WISA conference, the survey outlines the current activities and future trends concerning Web information systems and applications based on the papers accepted for publication.

煤电化基地大宗固废“三化”协同利用基础与技术

我国14个大型煤炭基地及89个大宗固体废弃物综合利用示范基地建设,标志着矿区大宗固废利用已被纳入全国战略发展布局。长期以来煤炭资源高强度的开发与利用,造成矿区浅埋煤层资源临近枯竭,煤电化基地大规模固废堆积及地表沉陷,已成为制约矿区绿色低碳、高质量发展的难题。大宗煤基固废协同利用与绿色充填是解放“三下一上”压煤,延长矿井服务年限,实现固废无害化、资源化、规模化“三化”利用的有效途径。基于产煤大省山西省、“华东能源粮仓”安徽两淮基地及宁东能源化工基地的煤基固废种类和产量,详细阐述了以煤矸石、粉煤灰、炉底渣、气化渣和脱硫石膏等为主要材料的煤基固废通过重金属吸附解吸和络合钝化技术实现无害化处置,列举煤基固废分类应用于低热值煤基固废发电、制备建筑材料如水泥、砖瓦等资源化利用途径,对比分析煤基固废采煤沉陷区复垦回填及井下充填规模化利用途径,突出煤基固废井下充填的优越性。基于煤电化基地深部煤炭资源,提出绿色充填开采理论与关键技术,包括深部煤矸石源头减量与采选充协同技术、充填材料高效制备与深部井下输送技术及煤基固废充填材料深部多场耦合机理,探究多源煤基固废从源头、过程到终端的深部充填开采全过程的技术原理与方法,以解决矿区深部井下充填的技术难题。根据宁东基地任家庄煤矿、山西省霍尔辛赫煤矿及淮北矿区地质条件和充填目的,分别提出超前钻孔注充低位充填方案、关键层非典型特征条件下多离层梯级注浆方案和煤基固废协同利用关键技术,综合矿山固废处置与利用、深部煤炭资源开发利用、地表沉陷控制、生态环境保护等优势,形成煤电化基地大宗固废协同利用与绿色开采模式,为煤炭开采高质量化和环境低损伤化提供参考。

单线激光雷达与测距仪耦合的移动式仓储存量盘点装备研发与应用

提升矿山信息化测绘水平是建设智能矿山的重要基础。选厂是矿产管理的主要场所,及时、精准掌握选厂的仓储存量对于矿山生产规划具有重要意义。然而,受限于作业环境和人员不可达等问题,传统地面测量方法难以有效采集仓储矿堆的完备点位信息,导致盘点结果精度差、效率低。为此,将垂向扫描的单线激光雷达与水平测距仪进行耦合,自主研发了一套单线激光雷达与测距仪耦合的移动式仓储存量盘点装备。该装备具备三维点云采集、数字表面模型构建、矿堆方量核算一体化在线处理功能,并可根据实际需求灵活拓展硬件集成方式,同时支持开发可视化等功能。以紫金山金铜矿选厂为研究区,进行了铜、硫精矿存量盘点试验,结果表明:所研发的装备可以实现选厂矿堆方量在线盘点,其重复盘点结果的一致性优于99%,与地磅称重盘点结果的比对精度优于99%,扫描点云质量和数据处理效率优于GEO-SLAM等进口移动式三维扫描设备。研发成果可拓展应用到露天采场剥离量验收、露天采场爆破程度分析、矿车载运量无人值守在线盘点等矿山信息化测绘方面,对于实现“减人增效”目标,助力智能矿山建设具有重要意义。

葫芦素煤矿离层注浆矸石充填浆液制备工艺技术特点

阐述了现有矸石离层注浆充填存在的问题,介绍了葫芦素煤矿离层注浆中采取的改进措施和特点,对矸石浆液的制备工艺、出料矸石粒度的确定、破碎机的选型、球磨机型式和驱动方式的选择、球磨机的检修、设计中应注意的问题进行了有益的探讨,分析了葫芦素煤矿离层注浆矸石充填项目运行后的经济效益和社会效益。

中关铁矿智能矿山建设实践

为实现本质安全,提高矿山企业生产效率,同时响应智能制造号召,将新一代信息通信技术和中关铁矿生产工艺流程深度融合,通过引入采选大型自动化设备和智能化系统,按照“本质安全、智能产线、集中管控、数据引领”的理念进行智能矿山建设。建立了从井下采矿、地表磨选到精粉销售全流程的智能化管理体系,实现了井下少人化、地表自动化、高危作业远程化、安全监测智能化的目标。实践表明,中关铁矿智能化生产技术的应用,不仅显著提高了人员劳动效率,职工人身安全也得到了极大保障。

机电一体化在采矿过程中的实践与发展分析

随着我国市场的竞争愈发激烈,矿产生产过程中的开采人员逐渐开始运用新型技术手段来实施实际生产,借助更先进的机电一体化技术,可以极大地提升煤矿生产和开采效率,使采矿过程更加机械化、智能化和自动化,实现最佳的效果。本文详细探讨了采矿过程中机电一体化的实际应用优势和具体实践内容,并探索了机电一体化在未来采矿中的发展方向,推动了其快速发展的进程。

矿山测量数据采集和处理一体化研究

矿山测量中,数据采集与处理的分散、不连贯及繁琐问题显著。本研究构建基于GIS的矿山测量一体化框架,整合数据采集、处理、存储与展示,消除数据冗余与丢失。深入探索数据预处理、校核、分析等核心环节,确保数据完整、准确、及时。实证表明,该一体化处理方式显著提升测量效率与精度,简化流程,减少数据丢失与冗余,节约资源。此研究为矿山测量现代化提供了技术支撑与实践新径,推动行业向更高效、精准方向发展。

基于综合集成评价方法的矿井通风系统安全评价分析

将未确知理论与层次分析法相结合,以此为基础介绍一种矿井通风系统评估的综合集成评价方法。该方法主要包括矿井通风系统安全评价指标体系构建、矿井通风系统安全评价指标确定、未确知测度评价模型构建3个环节。为确定方法的应用效果,以A煤矿为研究案例,介绍了矿井通风系统安全评价方法的工程应用情况,确认矿井通风系统安全评价方法具备较好的分析效果。

Thermal recovery process of a backfilled open-pit in permafrost area at the Gulian strip coal mine in Northeast China

Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth(BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature(BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years afterbackfilling(BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario(CWS) of 0.025°C·year ^(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.

金属矿充填固化过程监测研究现状及展望

充填采矿技术是金属矿绿色高质量发展的重要支撑技术,课题组在充填领域提出了“充填固化过程监测”分支研究方向,旨在突破金属矿充填采场原位强度难以监测表征的瓶颈问题。结合课题组相关研究进展,总结凝练了金属矿充填固化理论与应用研究的技术思路,并从充填固化过程多场性能监测技术、多场性能演化规律、多场性能发生机理、多场性能关联机制、充填体强度—多场性能表征模型、充填固化过程数值模拟以及工程应用等方面系统阐述了金属矿充填固化过程多场性能监测理论和应用的研究现状。在上述分析的基础上,从理论、技术、装置3个层面展望了未来发展方向,认为后续需要攻克的重点分别为:真实采场全域数值仿真,基于固化过程监测的充填体安全预警技术,无线化、精准化与低价化的固化过程监测传感器研制及工程推广应用。

Development of grouting materials with application to the protection of the geological relics of the Weng’an Biota

The Weng’an Biota, a fossil KonservatLagerst?tte in South China that is c. 570 – 609 myr old, preserves the world’s oldest zoolite and provides a unique empirical record for studying animal origins and early evolution. Due to geological disasters caused by the exploitation of the local phosphate mine, part of the fossilized records and the geological sections of the Weng’an Biota have been seriously damaged. Protection of this unique fossil area is urgently required. In this research, an innovative scheme for the protection of the geological relics of the Weng’an Biota is proposed by backfilling the mine cavity with specially formulated grouting materials. In view of the shortcomings of the current grouting materials, such as the high proportion of water separation, the low stone percentage and high cost, newly developed grout materials consisting of mixtures of cement-fly ash-expansion agent(C-F-E) were systematically studied by a combined method of theoretical analysis and experimental study. Firstly, new grouting materials(C-F-E) were developed using selected proportions of(1) Portland cement(P·O 32.5),(2) external admixture(Fly ash),(3) expansion agent(NV) and(4) admixture(DFZ). Then, the properties of new grouting materials(C-F-E), such as stability, stone percentage, rheology, fluidity, setting time and compressive strength were evaluated by laboratory tests. Finally, a new model of the hydration process was proposed for these newly developed grouting materials based on a detailed scanning electron microscopy(SEM) study of their microstructural development. These research results will provide an effective solution to the protection of the geological relics of the Weng’an Biota. Additionally, these grouting materials may prove suitable for solving similar problems in the management of most mine cavities requiring stabilization in the future.

采选充一体化煤炭生产物流系统仿真及优化

为研究煤炭绿色化开采模式,探寻满足基本产能目标下,采选充一体化煤炭生产物流系统生产瓶颈问题,促进井下煤矸物流协同高效运输。选用山西某矿为原型,运用排队论解析该采选充一体化煤炭生产物流系统运行过程,借助Anylogic仿真软件建立离散事件模型进行相关实验优化和计算。根据仿真结果发现:智能分选系统、提升设备和破碎机为该采选充一体化煤炭生产物流系统生产瓶颈,通过进行相关优化,可提高各设备利用率,促进系统协同运行。

高矿化度矿井水制备尾砂胶结充填体的强度性能

为探究含氯盐高矿化度(总溶解固体含量>1 g/L)矿井水对尾砂胶结充填体强度的影响,以我国胶东半岛渤海湾某金矿尾砂为骨料,使用矿渣基胶凝材料(以脱硫石膏和熟石灰为激发剂)与井下含氯盐矿井水混合制成尾砂充填体,对充填体抗压强度进行检测,借助XRD、SEM和MIP表征水化产物和微观结构,并分析了不同脱硫石膏/熟石灰比和矿渣掺量时充填体强度随时间的增长规律。结果表明:①该含氯盐高矿化度矿井水可通过促进水化产物形成和优化充填体结构使充填体强度增强,水化产物仍以钙矾石和C—S—H为主,并未因Cl^(-)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)等离子的掺入形成新的水化产物,但对C—S—H分子结构的影响需进一步研究;②充填体强度随脱硫石膏/熟石灰比和矿渣掺量的增加先增长后降低,峰值强度出现时的脱硫石膏/熟石灰比随养护时间是变化的,而矿渣掺量固定在67.8%,在具体工程实践中可调整脱硫石膏与熟石灰的比例,以满足充填体强度的时间需求。研究结果有助于实现矿井水液废和尾砂、脱硫石膏等固废在矿山充填中的协同利用。

矿边智能:智能矿山边缘侧建设新趋势

以工业物联网模式建设智能矿山“云—边—端”系统是未来矿山企业的发展重点。目前,“云”和“端”的数字化和智能化建设已初具规模,但对“边”的建设较为薄弱,导致智能矿山生产面临一些瓶颈,难以常态化运行。为加强智能矿山边缘层建设,提出“矿边智能”概念,将其定义为一种专门针对矿山生产环境而设计的新型边缘智能技术体系,具备地理、网络和技术的多维特性,其关键技术是实现对数据融合技术、信息通信能力和边缘安全保障技术的突破,从而提高矿山整体生产效率和安全性。同时,提出将现有开采工艺与智能技术深度融合的发展理念,以软件需求为驱动对采矿工艺进行重塑,进一步推进矿山智能化建设进程。研究指出,今后矿山边缘层智能建设的重点方向应聚焦在采矿技术与智能技术的深度融合,基于采矿工艺的决策技术,复杂开采场景的网络架构、位置服务与通信技术,复杂开采场景的环境感知技术以及“矿边”多源信息融合与分析技术等领域。

人工湖下连采连充煤炭开采地表移动变形预测研究

为研究人工湖下煤炭连采连充开采后的地表移动变形规律,对连采连充工作面进行了室内力学试验和现场取芯力学试验,验证充填体的可行性;基于等价采高概率积分法,对连采连充工作面进行地表沉陷预测;通过数值模拟计算,分析导水裂缝带发育高度,并与概率积分法结果进行对比。结果表明:充填体的强度5.063 MPa超过设计强度2.0 MPa,能够确保矿井的安全开采;连采连充工作面开采后,地表倾斜值极值0.3 mm/m,地表水平变形极值-0.2 mm/m,小于砖混结构建筑I级损坏范围,周围地表沉陷平缓,无安全隐患;导水裂缝带发育高度约49.7 m,距离隔水层约160.3 m,水下采煤安全,FLAC^(3D)数值模拟和概率积分法结果比较接近,验证连采连充技术可有效减缓地表移动变形。

煤矿企业管理数字化转型研究

分析了煤矿企业管理数字化转型的必要性及其重要意义;介绍了当前煤矿企业管理以及数字化转型的现状,解析了煤矿企业管理数字化转型的具体特征;重点阐述了煤矿企业管理数字化转型的战略构架,指出,应遵循企业数字化转型的内在要求,以精细化为指导思想,以制度化为保障,以标准化为基础和支撑,以流程化为路径,以数据信息化为载体,以协同化为手段,确立以“工作精细化,制度标准化,标准流程化,流程数字化,数字实时化,实时协同化”为转型总架构,按照“连接中融合,融合中协同,协同中监管,监管中公正”的技术路线,走“管理业务流程化,流程业务线上化、线上业务协同化,业务操作平台化,经营决策智能化”路径,进行国有煤矿企业管理数字化转型。