Spatial pattern of urban-rural integration in China and the impact of geography

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a global challenge that is highly related to inequalities, poverty, economic growth, and other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing research has evaluated the extent of URI and explored its influencing factors, but urban-rural linkages are seldom incorporated in evaluation systems, and geographical factors are rarely recognized as the influencing factors. We construct a URI framework including regional economy, rural development, urban-rural linkage, and urban-rural gap. Based on a dataset consisting of 1,669 counties in China in 2020, we reveal the spatial pattern of URI and find a high correlation between the spatial pattern of URI and the relief degree of land surface (RDLS). Using structural equation modeling, we discover that topography has direct ( − 0.18, p < 0.001) and indirect ( − 0.17, p < 0.001) effects on URI. The indirect negative effects are mediated through the infrastructure, and the combination of localized advantages and modern technical conditions could mitigate the negative impact of topography. Finally, we identify 742 counties as lagging regions in URI, which can be clustered into eight types. Our findings could facilitate policy designing for those countries striving for integrated and sustainable development of urban and rural areas.

3D Digital Design of Cranes' Structures Based on Hybrid Software Architecture

3D digital design for cranes’ structures based on hybrid software architecture of Client/Server and Browser/Server is introduced in this paper. Based on Pro/ENGINEER platform,3D parametric model family is built to allow generation of feasible configurations of cranes’ structures in Client/Server framework. Taking use of Visual C++,the second exploiting software kit provided by Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS GUI/APDL modeling patterns,an integration method of 3D CAD and CAE is achieved,which includes regeneration of 3D parametric model,synchronous updating and analysis of FEA model. As in Browser/Server framework,the 3D CAD models of parts,components and the whole structure could also be displayed in the customer’s browser in VRML format.

Practice of Project Management Methodology for Commercial Aero engines Based on Integrative Project Architectures

To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating different types of breakdown structures is necessary.In this paper,the international research status on work breakdown structure(WBS)was analyzed,and an integrative project architecture for commercial aero-engines was designed,where product breakdown structure(PBS),WBS,organization breakdown structure(OBS)and cost breakdown structure(CBS)were integrated and built.And the architecture was applied in information systems.A transfer from technological views of complex products through their lifecycles to management views has been realized with this standardized architecture,thus development tasks and costs can be controlled.

APPLICATION OF SINTAP TO THE SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF X65 PIPELINE STEEL

The recently developed European flaw assessment procedure, structural integrity assessment procedure（SiNTAP） is applied to assessment for welded joints of the API 5L X65 pipeline steel with an assumed embedded flaw and surface flaw at the weld toe. As one of the basic input data, fracture toughness crack tip opening displacement （CTOD） tests are conducted at 0℃ and performed according to the requirements of the standard of BS7448. For the heat affected zone （HAZ） specimens, the microstructure observation is performed to insure that the tip of the crack is located in the coarse grain zone. The result explains the dispersity of the test values. In structural integrity assessment procedure-fracture assessment diagram（SINTAP FAD） method, the failure curves of welded joints at level 1 and 3 are derived from the tensile test results. The results of the assessment show that all assessment points are located within the failure lines of analysis level 1 and 3. So the welded joint of the pipeline is safe. This study laid the foundation of application of SINTAP to pipeline structure assessment.

Covalent stabilization of DNA nanostructures on cell membranes for efficient surface receptor-mediated labeling and function regulations

One major challenge of using DNA nanostructures for cellular and in vivo applications is their insufficiently structural integrity that stems from the non-covalent base pairing and stacking in complex cellular and physiological environment. The establishment of covalent bonds in DNA nanostructures can link individual strands more stably and therefore should improve the performance of DNA nanostructures in different scenarios where structural integrity is required. Here, we developed a convenient and effective method for constructing covalently stabilized DNA nanostructures by chemically inserting photo-crosslinker(^(CNV)K) in DNA sequences. These covalently linked DNA nanostructures were found to be more resistant to external interference, such as low cation concentrations and unspecific displacement on cell membranes. We also demonstrated that our strategy could improve the efficiency of cell surface receptor-mediated labeling and function regulations in living cells, which sheds light on broadening the biomedical applications of DNA nanostructures.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF INTEGRAL SURFACES NEAR A HIGHER ORDER FOCUS AND SADDLE

In this paper the structure of integral surfaces near a higher order focus and saddle,of ordinary differential equations in complex domain is studied by reducing to the normal form system.The formulae of the normal form system are also given.

基于振动台缩尺模型的复杂体型建筑结构楼面加速度反应分布研究

楼面加速度放大系数(floor acceleration amplification,FAA)能够反映结构对地面加速度的放大,而当前的规范与研究多是依赖于历史楼面记录或者有限元分析结果,在涉及复杂体型建筑结构时计算分析和实际震害结果往往存在较大差异。以整体结构缩尺模型振动台试验记录数据为基础,通过拟合分析得到各条记录下原型结构沿高度的FAA分布。基于类拟地震反应谱形状模型,得到具有一定保证率的FAA分布曲面,针对不同结构类型分别提出了相应的计算公式,相比于规范能够更好地反映出复杂体型建筑结构的FAA分布特征。定性地探索了场地卓越周期变化对该类型建筑结构FAA分布特征的影响。

High-Integrated-Photosensitivity Negative-Electron-Affinity GaAs Photocathodes with Multilayer Be-Doping Structures

The effect of changing Be doping concentration in GaAs layer on the integrated photosensitivity for nega- tive-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes is investigated. Two GaAs samples with the monolayer structure and the muhilayer structure are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The former has a constant Be concentration of 1 × 10^19 cm^-3, while the latter includes four layers with Be doping concentrations of 1 × 10^19, 7 × 10^18, 4 × 10^18, and 1 × 10^18 cm^-3 from the bottom to the surface. Negative-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes are fabricated by exciting the sample surfaces with alternating input of Cs and O in the high vacuum system. The spectral response results measured by the on-line spectral response measurement system show that the integrated photosensitivity of the photocathode with the muhilayer structure enhanced by at least 50% as compared to that of the monolayer structure. This attributes to the improvement in the crystal quality and the increase in the surface escape probability. Different stress situations are observed on GaAs samples with monolayer structure and muhilayer structure, respectively.

基于改进的联邦UKF无人艇组合导航系统设计

针对无人艇在高海况下长航时,大幅度作业滤波精度较低的问题,提出一种基于联邦结构的无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filtering,UKF)算法,将其应用于自主研制的无人艇组合导航系统中。建立系统误差方程和量测方程;引入渐消因子、基于量测值与预测量测值差值的可变因子和自适应最优信息分配因子对联邦UKF算法进行改进,保持信息的强跟踪特性和组合导航系统的信息融合精度,得到全局最优估计值。开展湖试试验,验证该组合导航系统的有效性,结果表明该系统实时性、稳定性好,抗干扰能力强,能有效提高导航精度。该方法不仅能为无人艇作业提供安全保障,而且可供其他组合导航系统设计参考。

基于ESO的气流引纬滑模分数阶反步控制

针对气流引纬纱线在飞行过程中存在不确定时变因素和未建模问题,提出了一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器的神经积分滑模分数阶反步控制器。通过对纬纱在气流引纬过程的动力学分析,得到系统的状态方程,引入有限时间扩张状态观测器,对复合扰动问题进行有效估计降低跟踪误差,设计非线性积分滑模面,采用RBF神经网络对滑模面系数进行补偿修正,并融合到反步控制中保证了算法有限时间收敛和稳定性,在虚拟控制律中加入了分数阶理论,进一步提升了系统的稳定性和抗干扰能力。最后,为了使得引纬完成的时间更接近设定值,在筘幅中间额外增加了4个探纬器,并对纱线的运动状态做出调整。研究设计的控制器和改善的引纬结构使得引纬完成的时间更接近设定值,研究验证了所设计方案的有效性。

观音圣坛内部空间设计及技术策略

观音圣坛内部建筑空间的设计构思来源于两个方面:佛教内涵与空间形态的结合、结构形式与建筑造型的结合,在内部空间设计中既体现了佛教的文化传统,同时借由现代建筑空间取得强烈的感染力。通过消防性能化的分析方法,构建了以建筑专业为主的多专业多手段圆通大厅须弥山的消防安全体系,保障了消防安全。

现代木构屋架的空间利用设计探索

我们常说的建筑“第五立面”——屋顶作为建筑的顶部围护,不仅能成为建筑外轮廓和整体形象的视觉焦点所在,还是建筑空间的重要组成部分。不同于建筑下部主体空间的完整且自由,木构建筑的屋顶由于屋架结构的存在而使内部的空间被切割成多个部分。传统木构屋架由于技术和材料的限制一般无法在其中布置有效空间,而现代木结构能做到更大的跨度、更小的构件截面以及更丰富的搭建方式,使得在其中创造空间有了更多的可能性;同时,新技术的发展也要求建筑师探索新的设计手法以对木构建筑屋顶的空间结构和功能扩展进行处理,从而激发新的现代木构屋架设计理念。文章以现代木构屋架的可居性与架构性为研究目标,整理分析现代木构屋架的设计案例并探讨其逻辑,从而引发对木构屋架空间结构一体化设计的思考。

山水赤壁,凤舞龙盘——基于地域山水文化的赤壁市体育中心建筑设计

体育建筑作为城市公共配套的重要组成,担负着文化传承的功能。赤壁市体育中心建筑设计从地域历史文化、城市自然环境等因素分析导入,结合中国传统建筑重视人与自然相和谐的哲学思想,形成“山水赤壁,凤舞龙盘”的项目立意。项目从规划布局、建筑空间、建筑形态、逻辑建构方面整合设计,塑造出融合、开放、共享的建筑空间,体现道法自然、与环境相生的设计理念,带给人们更多亲近自然的机会,激发热爱运动、热爱生活的活力和热情。

基于实践案例的建筑设计与结构设计关系探讨

一座建筑的诞生,汇聚了建筑、结构、机电等众多专业专项领域的智慧结晶。然而,在项目实践中,往往由建筑专业先行引领,其他专业则在建筑方案明确后相继介入,由此带来沟通成本的增加,以及设计优化受限等一系列弊端。文章基于三个项目实践案例,聚焦方案设计阶段,分空间实现、结构外露、大跨建筑三个层面逐步深入剖析建筑设计与结构设计之间的关系。由此总结出不同类型项目的各专业间合作模式,旨在为未来的项目推进提供更为高效、合理的思路与启示。

An automatic grid generation approach over free-form surface for architectural design

An essential step for the realization of free-form surface structures is to create an efficient structural gird that satisfies not only the architectural aesthetics,but also the structural performance.Employing the main stress trajectories as the representation of force flows on a free-form surface,an automatic grid generation approach is proposed for the architectural design.The algorithm automatically plots the main stress trajectories on a 3D free-form surface,and adopts a modified advancing front meshing technique to generate the structural grid.Based on the proposed algorithm,an automatic grid generator named "St-Surmesh" is developed for the practical architectural design of free-form surface structure.The surface geometry of one of the Sun Valleys in Expo Axis for the Expo Shanghai 2010 is selected as a numerical example for validating the proposed approach.Comparative studies are performed to demonstrate how different structural grids affect the design of a free-form surface structure.

Detection of free surface composition and molecular-level structural development of styrene(S)/butadiene(B) block copolymer films during a solution-to-film process

The surface chemical structure development in solution-cast styrene(S)/butadiene(B) block copolymer films as a function of solvent evaporation time was investigated using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG).The surface structure formation of the styrene(S)/butadien(B) block copolymer(30 wt% PS) films during the solution-to-film process was found to be controlled mainly by dynamic factors,such as the mobility of the PB block in solution.For SB diblock copolymers,a pure PB surface layer was formed only when the film was cast by dilute toluene solution.With increasing concentration of casting solution,PB and PS components were found to coexist on the film surface,and the morphology of the PB component on the film surface changed from cylindrical rods to spheres.For SBS triblock copolymers,a small amount of PS component existed on the surface even if the film was cast by 1.0 wt% toluene solution.In addition,PS components at the outermost layer of the film increased and the length of PB cylindrical rods on the surface decreased with increasing concentration of casting solution.

普陀山观音圣坛工程技术创新

文章介绍了国内首个“毗卢观音”造型为建筑形态的复杂宗教文旅建筑——普陀山观音圣坛的技术创新与技术突破,重点包括“须弥山”多曲面双层斜交空间网格清水混凝土结构、“如意塔”巨型复杂空间曲面劲性混凝土结构、“毗卢观音”复杂佛教建筑造型装饰等多项技术攻关,解决了大型复杂现代宗教文旅建筑工程施工难题。

面向建造的自由曲面建筑重构形体设计方法

自由曲面建筑相比标准形体更具几何复杂性,其设计结果与建造系统的脱节问题尤为突出,导致成本高、修改多和效率低的情况。从建筑学视角出发,借鉴并引入其他领域的离散建模与几何迭代技术,整合提出一套面向自由曲面建造的方案阶段建筑曲面重构形体设计方法。以自由曲面的四边形平面化重构形体实现为例,对所提方法中关键环节的几何算法进行具体阐述,并通过与常用方法的对比实验,证明上述方法具有重构效率高、通用性广、形体质量好等优势,由此归纳得到其建筑适用范围,为实现复杂建筑的设计高效率和建造低成本提供方法参考。

基于概率积分法的济宁某矿地表位移规律研究

采空区上方地表移动变形将严重影响附近建(构)筑物的安全。为分析地表移动变形引起建(构)筑物的破坏类型,明确地表沉降、倾斜、曲率对建(构)筑物的影响,基于概率积分法,以济宁北部某矿3307工作面为例,结合地表实测位移结果与FLAC3D数值模拟,分析了地表移动变形规律,并对地表建(构)筑物进行了安全性分析。研究表明:(1)随着工作面推进,地表下沉量逐渐增大,当采空区长度达到2倍的影响半径时,地表盆地最低位置开始触底,此时下沉量达到最大值。随着工作面继续推进,地表盆地尺寸不断扩大,最大下沉值不再增大。(2)开采深度对地表盆地形状具有重要影响,当开采深度较小时,地表盆地近似为开采工作面形状,随着开采深度增大,地表盆地逐渐趋近于椭圆形。(3)对3307工作面地表变形规律进行分析,将实测结果与理论计算结果进行了对比,两者误差小于5%,证明了理论计算结果的合理性。

车削和铣削加工表面塑性变形对TC4试件疲劳性能的影响

目的探究车削和铣削加工表面塑性变形层中纤维组织方向对钛合金TC4试件抗疲劳性能的影响规律和机理,完善表面完整性研究体系,为实际航空结构件的抗疲劳制造提供参考。方法基于钛合金TC4进行车削和铣削加工的表面完整性试验和试件疲劳性能测试试验,通过合理地选用加工参数以控制试件的表面完整性指标,从而更加直观地分析塑性变形层中纤维组织方向与试件疲劳寿命之间的关系。结果实验中车削疲劳试件的表面粗糙度、表面显微硬度和表面残余应力3个指标均优于铣削试件,两者的表面形貌也十分类似,但后者的抗疲劳性能达到前者的12~48倍,塑性变形层中纤维组织方向的不同是铣削试件抗疲劳性能远大于车削试件的主要因素。结论不同加工方式形成的加工表面机制不同,表层纤维组织的塑性变形方向和变形程度也存在较大差异。车削疲劳试件的纤维组织沿试件的周向,铣削疲劳试件的纤维组织沿试件的轴向,在承受轴向的交变载荷时,沿着轴向的纤维组织可以抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,大幅提升钛合金TC4试件的抗疲劳性能。