Coupling Aquaculture—Crop Productions and Using of Water Drained from Ponds Rearing Clarias gariepinus as Fertilizer for Okra Production (Abelmoschus esculentus var. Clemson spineless, L. Moench)

The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In each pond, the individuals of C. garipinus with an average weight of 6 ± 0.3 g were stocked at a density of 11 per m2. The water temperature and pH were measured during the experiment. The control fishing is carried out every month to monitor variations in the weight and size of reared individuals. The plant production is carried out in elementary plots measuring 3 m × 1.5 m. Each plot was fertilized with either: drained water from C. gariepinus rearing (DWC), poultry droppings (PD), cow dung (CD) and mineral fertilizer (NPK). Treatments are carried out in tripliqua with either river water (RW), RW + the recommended dose of NPK (RD-NPK), RW + RD-PD, RW + RD-CD, DWC, DWC + 25% RD-NPK, DWC + 50% RD-NPK, DWC + 75% RD-NPK, DWC + 25% RD-PD, DWC + 50% RD-PD, DWC + 75% RD-PD, DWC + 25% RD-CD, DWC + 50% RD-CD, DWC + 75% RD-CD. Growth parameters and yield of okra were determined. The average temperature in the rearing environment was 27.6 ± 1.5˚C and pH 7.9 ± 1.1. After six (06) months of rearing, C. gariepinus individuals reached an average weight of 850.12 ± 1.3 g and an average height of 52.44 ± 1.1 cm. The daily weight gain and specific growth rates over this period were 3.9 g per day and 2.8% per day, respectively. The treatment T1 (RW + DR-NPK) gave the highest mean collar diameter and mean plant height with 2.3 ± 0.9 cm and 61.6 ± 32 cm, respectively. In T4 (DWC), the mean height of plants was 38.8 ± 23.5 cm and mean collar diameter 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. The growth performance in T4 was comparable to that of RD-CD (T3), but different from RD-NPK (T1) and RD-PD (T2). The highest average number, average weight, average length and average diameter of fruits were noted in treatments T13 (RW + RD-75%CD) and T7 (DWC + 75% RD-NPK). The best yields were noted in T1 (RW + RD-NPK) = 10.8 ± 5.4 t·ha−1, T5 (DWC + 25% RD-NPK) = 9.2 ± 4.6 t·ha−1 and T4 (DWC) = 8.6 ± 4.3 t·ha−1 which are comparable and higher than those obtained in T2 = 5.7 ± 2.8 t·ha−1 and T3 = 7.5 ± 3.8 t·ha−1.

Green High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer for Maize under Mulch Drip Irrigation

The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.

Integrated Monitor System of Water and Fertilizer of Greenhouse Intelligent Irrigatio

The integration of water and fertilizer is a comprehensive technology combined irrigation and fertilizer, which has outstanding advantages of saving fertilizer, saving water, saving labor, protecting environment, high yield and high efficiency. Currently, most of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization and irrigation operation in the production-based greenhouse is achieved relying on artificial experience, which is hard to achieve timely, scientific and intelligent irrigation. In this study, the application of STM32 embedded system realized the real-time collection of the data from the humidity sensors buried in top, middle and low depth of soil, and water and fertilizer integrated irrigation work was completed in the greenhouse through automatic control according to the predetermined fertilization and irrigation strategies for different crops. Moreover, the system had remote monitoring function, which used the global system for mobile （GSM） module to provide users with remote short message services, and therefore, the users could not only achieve the remote intelligent monitoring on the irrigation, light, ventilation of the greenhouse through short messages, but also could start and stop the remote control system operation, so as to realize the automatic management of the greenhouse environment, achieving the purpose of remote fertilization and water-saving irrigation.

Design and Application of Water, Fertilizer and Pesticide Integrated Automatic Control Device

Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.

Effects of Different Water-soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Strawberry under Integrated Application of Water and Fertilizer

Taking Hongyan strawberry as the material and PE drip irrigation tape and fertilizer applicator as the tool of integrated application of water and fertilizer,this experiment studied the effects of six fertilizers including Batian,Jiashili,Wangdefeng,Stanley,volfertile and calcium protein on yield and quality of strawberry. The experimental results showed that different water-soluble fertilizers had different effects on the main economic traits of strawberry. For the maximum single fruit mass,the highest was volfertile treatment( 28. 72 g),followed by calcium protein treatment,and the lowest was Stanley treatment( 23. 89 g). The fruit treated with Batian,volfertile and calcium protein was hard in the texture,the fruit treated with Wangdefeng was harder,that of Stanley was softer,and that of Jiashili was soft. The strawberry fruit treated with Wangdefeng and calcium protein was sweet,the fruit treated with volfertile and Batian was sweet,that treated with Jiashili was sour and sweet,and that treated with Stanley was slightly sour. The fruit treated with calcium protein,volfertile and Batian showed strong storage resistance.Strawberry plants treated with Batian,Wangdefeng,Stanley,and calcium protein showed stronger growth,and strawberry plants showed a semi-opening pattern. The yield of strawberry treated with volfertile was highest( 17 400 kg/ha),which was significantly increased compared with other treatments,followed by that treated by Stanley( 13 140 kg/ha).

Application Effect of Integrated Water and Fertilizer Technology for Tomato

Integrated water and fertilizer technology has the advantages of saving water,fertilizer and labour,which is widely applied in tomato plantation. Integrated water and fertilizer technology in topdressing and whole process of big and small tomatoes were studied,and their application effects were contrasted and analyzed,and application advantages and scopes of the two models were concluded.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Law and Emission Reduction Effects Under Water and Fertilizer Management Integrated Mode in Dike Paddy Field

To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.

Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Population Structure and Yield of Wheat

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population structure and yield of wheat.[Methods]With Shannong 29 as an experimental material,the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat were studied.[Results]Integrated water-saving irrigation and fertilization of ridged field was the best with the highest population,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production with saved water and fertilizers.

智慧农业下的水肥一体机精准化作业研究

针对我国农业水资源和化肥资源的利用率较低的问题,在智慧农业下对水肥一体机的精准化作业进行了研究。水肥一体机的主要组成包括控制系统、监测系统、灌溉施肥系统、网络传输系统和数据中心。将粒子群算法与PID控制算法结合,对粒子群-模糊PID控制器进行设计,并对水肥溶液的EC值和pH值进行控制,提高了水肥一体机的控制精度,减少了控制时间。为了验证水肥一体机的性能,进行了数据采集准确性分析试验和精准化作业控制试验,结果表明:数据采集较为准确,且可以精准地配比水肥溶液,满足作物的灌溉要求。

基于模糊策略的水肥一体机控制可行性分析

为进一步提高我国农业水肥一体机的综合作业效率,实现用水量与施肥量的混合浓度最优配置,以模糊策略为设计基点,针对整机控制展开可行性分析研究。以整机作业架构组成为基础,考虑灌溉施肥同步过程的水肥动态平衡,搭建正确的模糊策略模型,进行系统的软件设计与硬件匹配。通过升级型水肥一体机实施灌施作业的效果验证,结果表明:基于模糊策略的水肥一体机控制系统整体试验过程顺畅,灌施的肥液均匀度可相对提升8.77%,系统对于各监测参数的响应度与稳定性均保持在90%以上,验证了设计的可行性;试验中节水率和肥料利用率分别较模糊策略应用前提升至91.70%和93.15%,整体灌施效率良好,说明了此模糊策略应用设计的优越性。研究结果对于实现水肥一体装备的智能控制水平向纵深提升具有很好的参考价值。

水肥一体研究的热点问题和可视化分析

水肥一体化近年来在农业施肥领域得到快速发展,是目前提高农作物肥效的重要途径。采用文献计量学方法,对水肥一体相关文献进行分析。利用中国CNKI数据库,选取2010-2023年的文献为研究对象,通过对中国知网核心数据库中216篇与“水肥一体”相关中文文献的文献数量、年代分布、期刊分布、发文机构分布、著者信息、研究内容及热点等进行客观、系统地分析,得出结果:自2010-2023年来,国内共发表水肥一体相关文章216篇,数据库内中国最早关于水肥一体方面的文献发表于2010年,发表的文章数量随着年份的增长呈波动式上升;就发表的论文、作者、发文机构等方面而言,有关“水肥一体”的论文主要发表在农业农林学等相关专业刊物上;水肥一体的发文机构是以中国的北京市、山东省、宁夏回族自治区的高等院校和科研院所等机构为重点,其具有雄厚的农业研究实力和较强的学术影响力;研究水肥一体这一领域的核心作者目前尚未形成稳定的群体且数量较少;从研究内容上看,目前中国的水肥一体技术研究重点集中在产量、物联网、控制系统以及滴灌等领域。结果可以客观地反映2010-2023年国内水肥一体相关课题的研究动态,为该领域的研究人员提供数据参考。

高精度视觉感应技术在水肥一体机中的应用

以农田水肥智能化管理为研究对象,构建了一种高精度视觉感应式水肥一体机。采用高精度视觉感应技术获取作物生长状态参数图像,基于超像素图像分割技术,对复杂的作物生长状态图像特征向量进行提取,采用模糊聚类算法对图像进行分割处理,根据目标图像的像素值统计结果进行生长状态预测,并结合环境参数信息,构建灌溉过程土壤电导率EC和pH预测模型。测试结果表明:水肥一体机控制系统能够有效预测作物对水肥需求,提高了灌溉过程混肥精度,可节约灌溉用水量、提升生产效率、降低人工成本。

马铃薯节水灌溉技术研究进展

马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,马铃薯高效生产对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。马铃薯需水量大,生育期间的降水量无法满足其正常水分需求,因此对灌溉水的依赖度高。然而,我国淡水资源短缺,马铃薯生产中存在灌溉水管理粗放、节水灌溉制度不合理、水分利用效率低等问题,亟需探索马铃薯节水高效灌溉技术体系。本文从需水规律、灌溉方式、灌溉制度等方面综述了马铃薯灌溉技术的研究现状和存在的问题,对我国马铃薯节水灌溉技术需要进一步研究的问题进行了展望,以期丰富马铃薯高效用水理论,为马铃薯稳定生产提供技术支撑。

京郊山区果园高效灌溉技术研究与应用

北京地区有大量的山区果园,分布在京郊西南部、北部与东北部,与平原区果园相比,山区果园的地形一般较为复杂,地形存在落差,存在大量的坡地且坡度较大,果园灌溉的供水条件较差等特征。文章结合切身的技术服务工作,以房山区佛子庄乡东班各庄村北山坡苹果园为对象,通过采集果园地理信息数据,现场踏勘,工程测绘,结合果树生长状况及实际管理措施等,从果园高效节水灌溉技术适宜性选配出发,应对山坡地形变化引起压力不均匀变异进行压力补偿,面向复杂地形地质条件,开展水肥药一体化灌溉系统集成,是山坡高效灌溉技术推广的关键。

中国梨园全程机械化发展现状及建议

对当前梨园生产管理机械化发展情况进行分析,阐述了制约实现梨园全程机械化发展的关键生产环节是果实套袋、疏花疏果、水肥一体化、智能采收。提出全程机械化发展建议,包括制定和实行利于梨园全程机械化的标准、研发适宜化机械、建立健全果园机械化社会化服务体系。

水肥一体化下施氮量对土壤有机氮组分及玉米产量的影响

为进一步优化玉米水肥一体化施肥技术,促进氮肥有效转化利用,研究不同施氮量对土壤有机氮组分及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,土壤酸解总氮、酸解铵态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮和酸解氨基糖态氮含量呈先上升后下降趋势,当施氮量为210 kg·hm^(-2)(N2处理)时,以上4种有机氮组分含量最高。酸解铵态氮是影响玉米产量的关键因素,N2处理下酸解铵态氮含量较N3(252 kg·hm^(-2))、N4(273 kg·hm^(-2))、N1(147 kg·hm^(-2))和N0(0 kg·hm^(-2))分别显著提高3.55%、9.86%、20.37%和170.21%;产量分别显著提高1.58%、2.97%、18.43%和112.89%。综上,N2处理(施氮肥210 kg·hm^(-2))具有更高的供氮潜力,是较为理想的施氮量。

大花序桉林沼液水肥一体化应用效果研究

为探究沼液水肥一体化在林业上的应用效果,研究了沼液水肥一体化对大花序桉幼林生长、林下土壤养分及林下种植的百部、天冬、勃氏甜龙竹生长的影响。结果表明,沼液水肥一体化对大花序桉、百部、天冬、勃氏甜龙竹生长及林下土壤养分有一定影响。山高部、山中部和山底部施沼液处理大花序桉树高分别较不施沼液和水对照高10.59%、13.93%和25.93%,山高部、山中部和山底部施沼液处理大花序桉胸径分别较不施沼液和水对照高17.93%、20.47%和28.32%。施用沼液可提高土壤水解性氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量,能提高土壤肥力。沼液水肥一体化能提高百部和天冬产量,增加勃氏甜龙竹出苗数和出笋量。

寒地鲜食玉米“一季双收”生态栽培技术

鲜食玉米具有较高的经济价值和加工价值,是黑龙江省的特色优势产业之一,近年来,种植规模逐年增加,特别是2024年黑龙江省委省政府提出“打造全国鲜食玉米供应基地”,种植鲜食玉米的积极性空前高涨,加工企业不断增加,产业加工的链条延伸、细分,是乡村振兴支柱产业之一。本文以寒地“一季双收”生态栽培技术为切入点,分析该技术在“抢前延后、错期授粉、提高复种指数、一膜两用、降低综合生产成本”等方面的优势,提出错期育苗、合理交叉、优选品种、合理密植、水肥一体、绿色防控、节本增效等关键环节的具体措施。

基于PLC控制下水肥一体化智能监控系统设计

水肥一体化系统通过实时监测土壤湿度、植物生长状态等参数,精确控制水肥供给,避免过量使用水和肥料,这对于解决水资源短缺和减少农业生产对肥料的依赖具有重要意义。通过深入分析PLC技术,基于西门子S7-1200作为控制核心,采用先进的传感器技术,实现了对土壤湿度、植物生长状态等关键参数的实时监测,通过智能设备,实时监测农田状态,并远程调整水肥系统的运行参数。试验结果表明,基于PLC控制的水肥一体化智能监控系统能够显著提高水肥利用率,减少资源浪费,降低生产成本,可以为农业生产提供一种先进、高效的管理方案,不仅有助于解决当前农业面临的水资源和肥料管理难题,也为实现可持续农业发展贡献重要的技术手段。

基于物联网技术的水肥药一体机智能控制系统设计研究

农业生产中,传统的水肥药管理方法由于缺乏精准控制,常常导致资源浪费和环境污染,物联网技术的发展为解决这些问题提供了新的可能性,通过智能化的设备连接和数据分析,能够实现对农业资源的精准管理和优化利用。针对传统水肥药管理方法存在的不足,进行了基于物联网技术的水肥药一体机智能控制系统的设计研究,以实现对作物生长环境的实时监测和自适应控制,达到节水、节肥、合理用药,提升作物品质和产量的目的,为现代精准农业的发展提供强有力的技术支持。