L Leishmania major are intramacrophage parasite whose eradication requires the induction of T helper 1(Th1)effector cells.Interleukin 12(IL-12) mediates Th1 effector cells development and enhances interferon γproduct...L Leishmania major are intramacrophage parasite whose eradication requires the induction of T helper 1(Th1)effector cells.Interleukin 12(IL-12) mediates Th1 effector cells development and enhances interferon γproduction by T cells and natural killer cells.Infection of macrophages in vitro by promastigotes of L. major caused no IL-12 p40 transcripts. Using competitor construct to quantitate a number of transcripts, a kinetic analysis of cytokine induction during the first few days of infection by L. major was performed.In resistant mice,the transcripts for IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were subsequently downregulated, whereas in susceptible mice,these transcripts were only slightly decreased, and IL4 continued to be reexpressed at high levels. IL-12 transcripts were first detected in vivo by 7 d after infection.Challenge of macrophages in vitro confirmed that amastigotes induced IL-12 p40 mRNA.Reexamination of the cytokine rnRNA at 4d revealed expression of IL-13 in all strains analyzed,suggesting that IL-2 and IL-13 may mediate the IL-12independent production of IFN-γ during the first days after infection. Leishmania have evolved to avoid inducing IL-12 from host macrophages during transmission from the insect vector, and cause a striking induction of mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in CD+4T cells. Each of these activities may favor survival of the organism.展开更多
目的探讨连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦治疗小儿甲型流感的临床疗效。方法选取2017年2月至2018年7月收治的甲型流感患儿220例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各110例。对照组采用磷酸奥司他韦治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用连花...目的探讨连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦治疗小儿甲型流感的临床疗效。方法选取2017年2月至2018年7月收治的甲型流感患儿220例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各110例。对照组采用磷酸奥司他韦治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用连花清瘟颗粒治疗,两组均连续治疗3 d。记录两组的退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、咽痛消失时间、病毒转阴时间。检测两组治疗前后血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-6、IL-8水平。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(96.36% vs 89.09%,P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、咽痛消失时间、病毒转阴时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后,两组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦治疗小儿甲型流感的疗效确切,能有效减轻炎症反应。展开更多
文摘L Leishmania major are intramacrophage parasite whose eradication requires the induction of T helper 1(Th1)effector cells.Interleukin 12(IL-12) mediates Th1 effector cells development and enhances interferon γproduction by T cells and natural killer cells.Infection of macrophages in vitro by promastigotes of L. major caused no IL-12 p40 transcripts. Using competitor construct to quantitate a number of transcripts, a kinetic analysis of cytokine induction during the first few days of infection by L. major was performed.In resistant mice,the transcripts for IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were subsequently downregulated, whereas in susceptible mice,these transcripts were only slightly decreased, and IL4 continued to be reexpressed at high levels. IL-12 transcripts were first detected in vivo by 7 d after infection.Challenge of macrophages in vitro confirmed that amastigotes induced IL-12 p40 mRNA.Reexamination of the cytokine rnRNA at 4d revealed expression of IL-13 in all strains analyzed,suggesting that IL-2 and IL-13 may mediate the IL-12independent production of IFN-γ during the first days after infection. Leishmania have evolved to avoid inducing IL-12 from host macrophages during transmission from the insect vector, and cause a striking induction of mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in CD+4T cells. Each of these activities may favor survival of the organism.
文摘目的探讨连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦治疗小儿甲型流感的临床疗效。方法选取2017年2月至2018年7月收治的甲型流感患儿220例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各110例。对照组采用磷酸奥司他韦治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用连花清瘟颗粒治疗,两组均连续治疗3 d。记录两组的退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、咽痛消失时间、病毒转阴时间。检测两组治疗前后血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-6、IL-8水平。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(96.36% vs 89.09%,P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、咽痛消失时间、病毒转阴时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后,两组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦治疗小儿甲型流感的疗效确切,能有效减轻炎症反应。
