Mathematical Foundation of Visual Query Languageon Spatial Information

Visual Query Language on Spatial Information (SIVQL) is one kind of visual query language based on the extension of Query by Example (QBE). It is a visual operation based on graphics or media object, such as point, line and area elements. In this paper, the relation calculation and query function of SIVQL have been studied and discussed by using set theory and relation algebra. The theory foundation of SIVQL has been investigated by the mathematical method. Finally, its application examples are also given with the specific information system.

Submicroscopic 11p13 deletion including the elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 4 gene in a girl with language failure, intellectual disability and congenital malformations: A case report

BACKGROUND We described the main features of an infant diagnosed with facial dysmorphic,language failure,intellectual disability and congenital malformations to strengthen our understanding of the disease.Currently,treatment is only rehabilitation and surgery for cleft lip and palate.CASE SUMMARY The proband was a 2-years-8-months-old girl.Familial history was negative for congenital malformations or intellectual disability.The patient had microcephaly,upward-slanting palpebral fissures,depressed nasal bridge,bulbous nose and bilateral cleft lip and palate.Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cortical atrophy and band heterotopia.Her motor and intellectual development is delayed.A submicroscopic deletion in 11p13 involving the elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 4 gene(ELP4)and a loss of heterozygosity in Xq25-q26.3 were detected.CONCLUSION There is no treatment for the ELP4 deletion caused by a submicroscopic 11p3 deletion.We describe a second case of deletion of the ELP4 gene without aniridia,which confirms the association between ELP4 gene with several defects and absence of this ocular defect.Additional clinical data in the deletion of the ELP4 gene as cleft palate,facial dysmorphism,and changes at level brain could be associated to this gene or be part of the effect of the recessives genes involved in the loss of heterozygosity region of Xq25-26.3.

Exploring the Usefulness of Extensible Business Reporting Language （XBRL） for Reporting Intellectual Capital （IC）： Evidence From Italian Preparers

Intellectual capital disclosure （ICD） has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes ＂good＂ ICD. Companies can use Extensible Business Reporting Language （XBRL） to ＂build＂ their own intellectual capital （IC） reports. This digital format has both technical and operating characteristics suitable for reporting non-financial information. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the views of 37 Italian preparers on the scope, the taxonomy, and the assurance of IC reporting via XBRL. It was found that respondents favor the adoption of an IC reporting framework and the standardization of IC indicators. Preferences reveal uncertainty about the level of flexibility for tagging IC information, while supporting the main benefits of XBRL and indicating a marked inclination for tagged information certified by an independent audit. Overall, despite a low awareness of XBRL, the importance placed on standardization of IC information and on the usefulness of the comparability and the speed attribute of XBRL supports the appealing features of this language for developing IC reporting.

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases

The Monty Hall problem has received its fair share of attention in mathematics. Recently, an entire monograph has been devoted to its history. There has been a multiplicity of approaches to the problem. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The design of the present paper is to add one more approach by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem in digital terms. The structure of the problem is described as much as possible in the tradition and the spirit—and as much as possible by means of the algebraic conventions—of George Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), the Magna Charta of the digital age, and of John Venn’s Symbolic Logic (second edition, 1894), which is squarely based on Boole’s Investigation and elucidates it in many ways. The focus is not only on the digital-mathematical structure itself but also on its relation to the presumed digital nature of cognition as expressed in rational thought and language. The digital approach is outlined in part 1. In part 2, the Monty Hall problem is analyzed digitally. To ensure the generality of the digital approach and demonstrate its reliability and productivity, the Monty Hall problem is extended and generalized in parts 3 and 4 to related cases in light of the axioms of probability theory. In the full mapping of the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem and any extensions thereof, a digital or non-quantitative skeleton is fleshed out by a quantitative component. The pertinent mathematical equations are developed and presented and illustrated by means of examples.

Using Speech Recognition in Learning Primary School Mathematics via Explain, Instruct and Facilitate Techniques

The application of Information and Communication Technologies has transformed traditional Teaching and Learning in the past decade to computerized-based era. This evolution has resulted from the emergence of the digital system and has greatly impacted on the global education and socio-cultural development. Multimedia has been absorbed into the education sector for producing a new learning concept and a combination of educational and entertainment approach. This research is concerned with the application of Window Speech Recognition and Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Integrated/Interactive Development Environment in Multimedia-Assisted Courseware prototype development for Primary School Mathematics contents, namely, single digits and the addition. The Teaching and Learning techniques—Explain, Instruct and Facilitate are proposed and these could be viewed as instructors’ centered strategy, instructors’—learners’ dual communication and learners' active participation. The prototype is called M-EIF and deployed only users' voices;hence the activation of Window Speech Recognition is required prior to a test run.

Mathematical Model of Heat Treatment and Its Computer Simulation

Computer simulation on heat treatment is the foundation of intelligent heat treatment. The simulations of temperature field, phase transformation, stress/strain complicate quenching operation were realized by using the model of three dimensional non linear finite element method and the treatment methods of abruptly changing interface conditions. The simulation results basically fit those measured in experiments. The intelligent sealed multipurpose furnace production line has been developed based on the combination of computer simulation on gaseous carburizing and computer control technology. More than 3000 batches of workpieces have been processed on this production line, and all are up to standard. The application of computer simulation technology can significantly improve the loading ability and relia bility of nitriding and carburizing workpieces, reduce heat treatment distortion, and shorten carburizing duration. It is recommended that the reliable product design without redundancy should be performed with the combination of the CAD of mechanical products, the CAE of materials selection and heat treatment, and the dynamic evaluation technology of product reliability.

To Comma or Not to Comma: The Mathematics of the Relative Clause, All Types, via Boole and Venn

The present paper is part of a large scale project in Intelligence Science. The nearterm aim of this project is the increased digitalization of the analysis of human intelligence in as far as intelligence is rational. The ultimate aim is to draw up a complete and definitive map of the totality of rational human intelligence or rational thought and language. As far as the mathematical component of this project is concerned, two contributions have appeared so far, the following: 1) “The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases”, in Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154;2) “Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does”, in Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 2, No. 4 (July 2012), pp. 243-273, including an appendix by Richard D. Gill. The present paper pertains to the linguistics branch of the project. It is concerned with linguistic cognition. The focus of this paper is on a single phenomenon, the relative clause and all its possible types. The method of analyzing the structure of rational thought and language that is advanced in this paper and applied to the relative clause claims validity on the following three grounds. First, it is mathematical and digital in the strictest possible sense. Second, the empirical data to which this mathematical method is applied are fully accessible in language. After all, all that is essential to that structure must be exteriorized in sounds or written symbols for the structure to be transported from one brain to another and understood. The structure must somehow be encoded in its entirety in the airwaves or light beams that travel to a hearer’s ear or a reader’s eye. And these airwaves and light beams are accessible to observation. Third, general inspiration and encouragement can be drawn from the fact that it has already been long established that the brain teems with digital activity, including in the prefrontal cortex. In sum, there is every incentive for dissecting language in search of the digital structure of rational thought and its expression in language. The design of the present paper is to demonstrate that the structure can be found.

The Mathematical and Physical Theory of Rational Human Intelligence: Complete Empirical-Digital Properties;Full Electrochemical-Mechanical Model (Part I: Mathematical Foundations)

The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)

Semantic model and optimization of creative processes at mathematical knowledge formation

The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.

Design of the Intelligent Foreign Language Multimedia Teaching System Based on the "New liberal arts" Paradigm

The main features of the foreign language education in the information age are to realize the modernization, informatization, intellectualization and diversification of the foreign language teaching, and to promote the modernization of the foreign language teaching through the informatization of the foreign language teaching. The new concept of the leapfrogging development in the foreign language teaching should be a hot topic and trend in the study of the foreign language teaching theories and practice in the new era. Under the "New liberal arts" paradigm, students are expected to take part in various activities to promote the transformation of the classroom theoretical knowledge into the specific practical skills and enhance their abilities to solve the practical problems in the real world.

Students’Mathematical Reasoning,Communication,and Language Representations:A Video-Narrative Analysis

Purpose-Learning mathematics is a complex process,requiring many conceptual lenses and rich data sources to document and understand students’construction of knowledge.The purpose of this article is both to introduce a unique database on students’mathematical learning and to describe analytical techniques used to study students’growth of the knowledge of mathematics and language.Design/Approach/Methods-Our approach includes the following aspects:First,we describe a unique collection of video-taped recordings of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of diverse,U.S.students,learning mathematics(Video Mosaic Collaborative,VMC).Second,we introduce our analytical methods,which utilize the database for collaborative study of students’learning.These methods include video-narrative analyses that display fine-grained examinations of interactions among students who are solving engaging problems that require them to reason mathematically and to represent their understandings with language and non-language forms.These analyses,referenced as VMCAnalytics,demonstrate the accessibility and flexibility of the database to study relationships among students’mathematics and language learning.Findings-The findings generated are illustrated by two examples demonstrating the accessibility and flexibility of the database to study relationships between mathematics and language learning(mathematics register).Originality/Value-The contribution of our work is illustrated by describing the rich database;employing a collaborative research approach;and signifying our understanding of relationships among students’mathematical and language learning.

基于Deep Forest算法的对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)预警数学模型构建

为预报池塘养殖凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)的发生,自2020年开始,笔者对凡纳对虾养殖区开展了连续监测工作,包括与疾病发生相关的环境理化因子、微生物因子、虾体自身健康状况等18个候选预警因子指标,通过数据标准化处理后分析病原、宿主与环境之间的相关性,对候选预警因子进行筛选,基于Python语言编程结合Deep Forest、Light GBM、XGBoost算法进行数据建模和预测性能评判,仿真环境为Python2.7,以预警因子指标作为输入样本(即警兆),以对虾是否发病指标作为输出结果(即警情),根据输入样本和输出结果各自建立输入数据矩阵和目标数据矩阵,利用原始数据矩阵对输入样本进行初始化,结合函数方程进行拟合,拟合的源代码能利用已知环境、病原及对虾免疫指标数据对目标警情进行预测。最终建立了基于Deep Forest算法的虾体(肝胰腺内)细菌总数、虾体弧菌(Vibrio)占比、水体细菌总数和盐度的4维向量预警预报模型,准确率达89.00%。本研究将人工智能算法应用到对虾AHPND发生的预测预报,相关研究结果为对虾AHPND疾病预警预报建立了预警数学模型,并为对虾健康养殖和疾病防控提供了技术支撑和有力保障。

智力与发展性残疾儿童言语与语言障碍康复的系统综述

目的系统评估言语与语言康复和教育干预对智力与发展性残疾(IDD)儿童的效果。方法检索PubMed、PsycINFO、ERIC、Cochrane Library、Web of Science数据库相关文献进行系统综述,检索时限为2018年1月至2024年5月。结果最终纳入8篇英文文献,来自美国、法国、意大利、挪威、波兰、新西兰6个国家,涉及610例IDD儿童,来源于言语语言病理学、唐氏综合征研究、言语语言听力研究等期刊。发表时间主要集中在2018年至2023年。研究对象年龄2~12岁,主要健康状况包括智力发育迟缓、孤独症、唐氏综合征。干预类型包括传统言语治疗(个体化治疗和小组治疗)、增强与替代沟通(设备辅助和手语及图卡)、家庭参与的语言训练计划(家长培训和家庭互动)、计算机辅助语言学习(语言学习软件和远程健康)、基于游戏的干预(互动游戏和结构化游戏)。每次15~150 min,每周1~10次,持续10~144周。康复结局体现在5个方面:增加口语表达中的词汇量;改善语言理解、符号识别和词汇理解能力;表达性语言和接受性语言能力提高;参与的游戏多样性和游戏参与水平改善,沟通率、社会交往和互动能力提高;整体语言和非语言交流能力提高。结论结合个体化治疗、家庭参与、技术辅助和互动游戏等多种方法的康复干预,对IDD儿童口语生成、语言理解、言语生成、社会交往和交流能力等方面有显著效果。

保罗·维尔诺“大众知性”观的理论辨析

保罗·维尔诺在后福特制生产语境中阐释的“大众知性”特指后福特制时代以大众语言交流与一般性思维能力为核心要素形成的主体间性。“大众知性”的提出拓展了马克思主义关于生产关系的阐释框架,在商品价值形成上对生产范式提出了理论挑战。“大众知性”是在既定生产资料所有制条件下的主体性建构形式,它使劳动者能够在“敞开”的主体性空间进行生产,却无法使劳动者真正摆脱资本的权力支配。“大众知性”为我们探索以互联网为基础的主体性建构空间提供了新视角,这是“大众知性”面向当代的理论价值之所在。

基于ChatGPT的数智化外语教学思考:博弈、挑战与进路

随着人工智能技术的飞速发展,以ChatGPT为代表的新一代人工智能教育应用加速助推了教育数字化转型的进程。作为一款基于自然语言处理技术的语言生成性人工智能模型,ChatGPT更是在外语教学领域产生了重要而深远的影响。它在为外语教学带来诸多机遇与挑战的同时,也引发了学者们的博弈之论。文章通过分析ChatGPT在外语教学中的机遇和挑战,探索了如何充分发挥其辅助外语教学的优势、规避潜在风险、赋能数智化外语教学的有效进路。认为广大外语教育工作者应积极探索数智化时代背景下如何加速外语教育转型,以适应教育数字化战略的发展方向,为培养具有创新思维的高素质外语人才以及推进教育高质量发展做出应有贡献。

国内大语言模型在学科知识图谱自动标注上的应用--以道德与法治和数学学科为例

随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理和各种知识应用中展现了强大的能力.研究了国内大语言模型在中小学学科知识图谱自动标注中的应用,重点以义务教育阶段道德与法治学科和高中数学学科为例进行分析和探讨.在教育领域,知识图谱的构建对于整理和系统化学科知识具有重要意义,然而传统的知识图谱构建方法在数据标注方面存在效率低、耗费大量人工成本等问题.研究旨在通过大语言模型来解决这些问题,从而提升知识图谱构建的自动化和智能化水平.基于国内大语言模型的现状,探讨了其在学科知识图谱自动标注中的应用,以道德与法治和数学学科为例,阐述了相关方法和实验结果.首先,探讨了研究背景和意义.接着,综述了国内大语言模型的发展现状和学科知识图谱的自动标注技术.在方法与模型部分,尝试探索一种基于国内大语言模型的自动标注方法,力图完善其在学科知识图谱上的应用.还探讨了学科知识图谱人工标注方法模型,以此作为对比,评估自动标注方法的实际效果.在实验与分析部分,通过在道德与法治和数学学科的自动标注实验和对其结果的分析,发现两个学科的知识图谱自动标注均取得了较高的准确率和效率,与人工标注结果进行了深入比较分析,得出了一系列有价值的结论,验证了所提出方法的有效性和准确性.最后,对未来的研究方向进行了展望.总体而言,研究为学科知识图谱的自动标注提供了一种新的思路和方法,有望推动相关领域的进一步发展.

智力障碍学生书面语句法偏误原因与对策分析

智力障碍学生书面语表达中存在句法偏误问题,原因主要在于,教师句法教学存在不足之处;智力障碍学生句法学习能力相对较弱;家长对待家校合作的态度不积极;汉语句法知识较难掌握。为此,需要重视职后教育,多途径提升教师专业能力;创新教育形式,多角度培养学生句法学习能力;转变家长观念,多方位发挥家校协同育人作用;优化知识体系,多渠道构建句法知识结构框架。

基于外部知识检测的数学几何单词问题求解

随着人工智能技术的不断发展,深度学习方法在数学单词问题智能求解方面得到了广泛应用。基于图到树的编解码网络表现出良好的性能,但外部知识缺乏使得模型求解准确率提升受到限制,构建一种基于几何知识库的检测模块,将其融入编解码器网络模型,提高了模型的预测能力。通过在中文数学问题数据集GeometryQA上进行验证,模型表现出更高的准确率,具有一定的优越性。

大语言模型在数学建模领域的应用探索

随着大语言模型在自然语言处理领域的广泛应用,其在数学建模领域中的准确性成为研究的焦点。该文通过引入命名实体识别(NER)和提示词工程(Prompt Engineering)的方法,提高大语言模型在数学建模问题中的回答准确率。基于GPT-3.5模型,通过对数学建模领域特定问题的语境和结构进行深入分析,阐述一套有效的NER策略和提示词工程方法,以优化大模型对数学问题的理解和响应。