The development of a battery management algorithm is highly dependent on high-quality battery operation data,especially the data in extreme conditions such as low temperatures.The data in faults are also essential for...The development of a battery management algorithm is highly dependent on high-quality battery operation data,especially the data in extreme conditions such as low temperatures.The data in faults are also essential for failure and safety management research.This study developed a battery big data platform to realize vehicle operation,energy interaction and data management.First,we developed an electric vehicle with vehicle navigation and position detection and designed an environmental cabin that allows the vehicle to operate autonomously.Second,charging and heating systems based on wireless energy transfer were developed and equipped on the vehicle to investigate optimal charging and heating methods of the batteries in the vehicle.Third,the data transmission network was designed,a real-time monitoring interface was developed,and the self-developed battery management system was used to measure,collect,upload,and store battery operation data in real time.Finally,experimental validation was performed on the platform.Results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the platform.Battery state of charge estimation is used as an example to illustrate the availability of battery operation data.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a real-time energy-efficient anticipative driving control strategy for connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).Considering the inherent complexities brought about by the velocit...In this paper,we propose a real-time energy-efficient anticipative driving control strategy for connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).Considering the inherent complexities brought about by the velocity profile optimization and energy management control,a hierarchical control architecture in the model predictive control(MPC)framework is developed for real-time implementation.In the higher level controller,a novel velocity optimization problem is proposed to realize safe and energy-efficient anticipative driving.The real-time control actions are derived through a computationally efficient algorithm.In the lower level controller,an explicit solution of the optimal torque split ratio and gear shift schedule is introduced for following the optimal velocity profile obtained from the higher level controller.The comparative simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve approximately 13%fuel consumption saving compared with a benchmark strategy.展开更多
Intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs) are believed to change people's life in the near future by making the transportation safer,cleaner and more comfortable. Although many prototypes of ICVs have been developed to...Intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs) are believed to change people's life in the near future by making the transportation safer,cleaner and more comfortable. Although many prototypes of ICVs have been developed to prove the concept of autonomous driving and the feasibility of improving traffic efficiency, there still exists a significant gap before achieving mass production of high-level ICVs. The objective of this study is to present an overview of both the state of the art and future perspectives of key technologies that are needed for future ICVs. It is a challenging task to review all related works and predict their future perspectives, especially for such a complex and interdisciplinary area of research. This article is organized to overview the ICV key technologies by answering three questions: what are the milestones in the history of ICVs; what are the electronic components needed for building an ICV platform; and what are the essential algorithms to enable intelligent driving? To answer the first question, the article has reviewed the history and the development milestones of ICVs. For the second question, the recent technology advances in electrical/electronic architecture, sensors, and actuators are presented. For the third question, the article focuses on the algorithms in decision making, as the perception and control algorithm are covered in the development of sensors and actuators. To achieve correct decision-making, there exist two different approaches: the principle-based approach and data-driven approach. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are explained and analyzed. Currently automotive engineers are concerned more with the vehicle platform technology, whereas the academic researchers prefer to focus on theoretical algorithms. However, only by incorporating elements from both worlds can we accelerate the production of high-level ICVs.展开更多
This paper presents an optimized equivalent consumption minimization strategy(ECMS) for four-wheel-drive(4 WD) hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs) incorporating vehicle connectivity. In order to be applicable to the 4 WD a...This paper presents an optimized equivalent consumption minimization strategy(ECMS) for four-wheel-drive(4 WD) hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs) incorporating vehicle connectivity. In order to be applicable to the 4 WD architecture, the ECMS is designed based on a rule-based strategy and used under the condition that a certain propulsion mode is activated. Assuming that a group of 4 WD HEVs are connected and position information can be shared with each other, we formulate a decentralized model predictive control(MPC) framework that compromises fuel efficiency, mobility, and inter-vehicle distance to optimize the velocity profile of each individual vehicle. Based on the optimized velocity profile, an optimization problem considering both fuel economy and battery state of charge(SOC) sustainability is formulated to optimize the equivalent factors(EFs) of the ECMS for HEVs over an appropriate time window. MATLAB User Datagram Protocol(UDP) is used in the codes run on multiple computers to simulate the wireless communication among vehicles, which share position information via UDP-based communication, and dSPACE is used as a software-in-the-loop platform for the simulation of the optimized ECMS. Simulation results validate the control effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
为了解决混合动力汽车的实时能量管理及优化问题,在保证不过多简化被控对象的基础上得到最优解,该文提出一种基于V2X(vehicle to vehicle,车车通信,以及vehicle to infrastructure,车与交通设施通信)的分层控制方法。设计了一种分层控制...为了解决混合动力汽车的实时能量管理及优化问题,在保证不过多简化被控对象的基础上得到最优解,该文提出一种基于V2X(vehicle to vehicle,车车通信,以及vehicle to infrastructure,车与交通设施通信)的分层控制方法。设计了一种分层控制器,上层控制器基于交通信号灯正时(signal phase and timing,SPAT)得到目标车速的初始值,并采用多岛遗传算法和非线性模型预测得到最优目标车速。下层控制器根据上层控制器的最优目标车速,采用自适应等效燃油消耗最小原理(adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy,A-ECMS),得到发动机和电机的最优输出功率。该文对分层控制方法进行了硬件在环仿真,仿真结果表明,该文提出的分层控制方法可以很好地实现混合动力汽车的实时能量管理,有效地避免混合动力汽车红灯停车,实现良好的车速跟随并减少百公里油耗。该研究可为解决混动力汽车实时能量管理及优化提供参考。展开更多
针对混合动力汽车(hybrid electric vehicle,HEV)能量管理策略的分类与综述问题,对并联式HEV能量管理策略的研究现状与发展趋势进行了研究。根据能量管理策略是否使用人工智能控制方式或优化算法,对并联式HEV能量管理策略进行了横向分...针对混合动力汽车(hybrid electric vehicle,HEV)能量管理策略的分类与综述问题,对并联式HEV能量管理策略的研究现状与发展趋势进行了研究。根据能量管理策略是否使用人工智能控制方式或优化算法,对并联式HEV能量管理策略进行了横向分类和综述,纵向梳理了模糊逻辑、神经网络、动态规划与等效油耗最小原理的具体应用方式,分析了多智能体系统应用于HEV能量管理优化控制的可行性和优势。研究结果表明,智能优化控制型能量管理策略是解决HEV量管理问题的有效途径,而智能优化控制方法和驾驶工况预测技术的有机结合是未来的一个重要研究方向;另外,将多智能体技术应用于HEV能量管理优化控制也是一个值得研究的方向。展开更多
为提高插电式混合动力客车的燃油经济性,可利用智能交通系统(intelligent transport system,ITS)提供的多种交通信息设计工况自适应能量管理策略。为此,首先搭建了能采集多种ITS信息的仿真平台,发现了电池电量消耗速率与交通拥堵等级之...为提高插电式混合动力客车的燃油经济性,可利用智能交通系统(intelligent transport system,ITS)提供的多种交通信息设计工况自适应能量管理策略。为此,首先搭建了能采集多种ITS信息的仿真平台,发现了电池电量消耗速率与交通拥堵等级之间的显著相关性。据此,先利用交通拥堵等级预测剩余行程的车速以分配各路段的电量,再利用多种信息准确地预测当前路段的车速,并结合当前路段的可用电量得到电量消耗轨迹。最后在线应用时通过跟随该轨迹实现最终的能量管理策略。通过仿真分析,发现该策略的性能较CDCS策略最多可提升15%,接近动态规划所得的全局最优解。展开更多
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2021YFB2402002)Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.L223013)。
文摘The development of a battery management algorithm is highly dependent on high-quality battery operation data,especially the data in extreme conditions such as low temperatures.The data in faults are also essential for failure and safety management research.This study developed a battery big data platform to realize vehicle operation,energy interaction and data management.First,we developed an electric vehicle with vehicle navigation and position detection and designed an environmental cabin that allows the vehicle to operate autonomously.Second,charging and heating systems based on wireless energy transfer were developed and equipped on the vehicle to investigate optimal charging and heating methods of the batteries in the vehicle.Third,the data transmission network was designed,a real-time monitoring interface was developed,and the self-developed battery management system was used to measure,collect,upload,and store battery operation data in real time.Finally,experimental validation was performed on the platform.Results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the platform.Battery state of charge estimation is used as an example to illustrate the availability of battery operation data.
基金supported by in part by the China Automobile Industry Innovation and Development Joint Fund(No.U1864206)in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.62003244)+1 种基金in part by the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.20200301011RQ)in part by the Jilin Provincial Science Foundation of China(No.20200201062JC).
文摘In this paper,we propose a real-time energy-efficient anticipative driving control strategy for connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).Considering the inherent complexities brought about by the velocity profile optimization and energy management control,a hierarchical control architecture in the model predictive control(MPC)framework is developed for real-time implementation.In the higher level controller,a novel velocity optimization problem is proposed to realize safe and energy-efficient anticipative driving.The real-time control actions are derived through a computationally efficient algorithm.In the lower level controller,an explicit solution of the optimal torque split ratio and gear shift schedule is introduced for following the optimal velocity profile obtained from the higher level controller.The comparative simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve approximately 13%fuel consumption saving compared with a benchmark strategy.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0102200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61773234)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2108YFB0105004)and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant Nos.D171100005117001&D171100005117002)
文摘Intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs) are believed to change people's life in the near future by making the transportation safer,cleaner and more comfortable. Although many prototypes of ICVs have been developed to prove the concept of autonomous driving and the feasibility of improving traffic efficiency, there still exists a significant gap before achieving mass production of high-level ICVs. The objective of this study is to present an overview of both the state of the art and future perspectives of key technologies that are needed for future ICVs. It is a challenging task to review all related works and predict their future perspectives, especially for such a complex and interdisciplinary area of research. This article is organized to overview the ICV key technologies by answering three questions: what are the milestones in the history of ICVs; what are the electronic components needed for building an ICV platform; and what are the essential algorithms to enable intelligent driving? To answer the first question, the article has reviewed the history and the development milestones of ICVs. For the second question, the recent technology advances in electrical/electronic architecture, sensors, and actuators are presented. For the third question, the article focuses on the algorithms in decision making, as the perception and control algorithm are covered in the development of sensors and actuators. To achieve correct decision-making, there exist two different approaches: the principle-based approach and data-driven approach. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are explained and analyzed. Currently automotive engineers are concerned more with the vehicle platform technology, whereas the academic researchers prefer to focus on theoretical algorithms. However, only by incorporating elements from both worlds can we accelerate the production of high-level ICVs.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2015BAG17B04)China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201506690009)U.S.GATE Program
文摘This paper presents an optimized equivalent consumption minimization strategy(ECMS) for four-wheel-drive(4 WD) hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs) incorporating vehicle connectivity. In order to be applicable to the 4 WD architecture, the ECMS is designed based on a rule-based strategy and used under the condition that a certain propulsion mode is activated. Assuming that a group of 4 WD HEVs are connected and position information can be shared with each other, we formulate a decentralized model predictive control(MPC) framework that compromises fuel efficiency, mobility, and inter-vehicle distance to optimize the velocity profile of each individual vehicle. Based on the optimized velocity profile, an optimization problem considering both fuel economy and battery state of charge(SOC) sustainability is formulated to optimize the equivalent factors(EFs) of the ECMS for HEVs over an appropriate time window. MATLAB User Datagram Protocol(UDP) is used in the codes run on multiple computers to simulate the wireless communication among vehicles, which share position information via UDP-based communication, and dSPACE is used as a software-in-the-loop platform for the simulation of the optimized ECMS. Simulation results validate the control effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘为了解决混合动力汽车的实时能量管理及优化问题,在保证不过多简化被控对象的基础上得到最优解,该文提出一种基于V2X(vehicle to vehicle,车车通信,以及vehicle to infrastructure,车与交通设施通信)的分层控制方法。设计了一种分层控制器,上层控制器基于交通信号灯正时(signal phase and timing,SPAT)得到目标车速的初始值,并采用多岛遗传算法和非线性模型预测得到最优目标车速。下层控制器根据上层控制器的最优目标车速,采用自适应等效燃油消耗最小原理(adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy,A-ECMS),得到发动机和电机的最优输出功率。该文对分层控制方法进行了硬件在环仿真,仿真结果表明,该文提出的分层控制方法可以很好地实现混合动力汽车的实时能量管理,有效地避免混合动力汽车红灯停车,实现良好的车速跟随并减少百公里油耗。该研究可为解决混动力汽车实时能量管理及优化提供参考。
文摘针对混合动力汽车(hybrid electric vehicle,HEV)能量管理策略的分类与综述问题,对并联式HEV能量管理策略的研究现状与发展趋势进行了研究。根据能量管理策略是否使用人工智能控制方式或优化算法,对并联式HEV能量管理策略进行了横向分类和综述,纵向梳理了模糊逻辑、神经网络、动态规划与等效油耗最小原理的具体应用方式,分析了多智能体系统应用于HEV能量管理优化控制的可行性和优势。研究结果表明,智能优化控制型能量管理策略是解决HEV量管理问题的有效途径,而智能优化控制方法和驾驶工况预测技术的有机结合是未来的一个重要研究方向;另外,将多智能体技术应用于HEV能量管理优化控制也是一个值得研究的方向。
文摘为提高插电式混合动力客车的燃油经济性,可利用智能交通系统(intelligent transport system,ITS)提供的多种交通信息设计工况自适应能量管理策略。为此,首先搭建了能采集多种ITS信息的仿真平台,发现了电池电量消耗速率与交通拥堵等级之间的显著相关性。据此,先利用交通拥堵等级预测剩余行程的车速以分配各路段的电量,再利用多种信息准确地预测当前路段的车速,并结合当前路段的可用电量得到电量消耗轨迹。最后在线应用时通过跟随该轨迹实现最终的能量管理策略。通过仿真分析,发现该策略的性能较CDCS策略最多可提升15%,接近动态规划所得的全局最优解。