Collective Intelligence and Uncertain Knowledge Representation in Cloud Computing

The lasting evolution of computing environment, software engineering and interaction methods leads to cloud computing. Cloud computing changes the configuration mode of resources on the Internet and all kinds of resources are virtualized and provided as services. Mass participation and online interaction with social annotations become usual in human daily life. People who own similar interests on the Internet may cluster naturally into scalable and boundless communities and collective intelligence will emerge. Human is taken as an intelligent computing factor, and uncertainty becomes a basic property in cloud computing. Virtualization, soft computing and granular computing will become essential features of cloud computing. Compared with the engineering technological problems of IaaS (Infrastructure as a service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service), collective intelligence and uncertain knowledge representation will be more important frontiers in cloud computing for researchers within the community of intelligence science.

Four development stages of collective intelligence

The new generation of artificial intelligence(AI)research initiated by Chinese scholars conforms to the needs of a new information environment changes,and strives to advance traditional artificial intelligence(AI 1.0)to a new stage of AI 2.0.As one of the important components of AI,collective intelligence(CI 1.0),i.e.,swarm intelligence,is developing to the stage of CI 2.0(crowd intelligence).Through in-depth analysis and informative argumentation,it is found that an incompatibility exists between CI 1.0 and CI 2.0.Therefore,CI 1.5 is introduced to build a bridge between the above two stages,which is based on biocollaborative behavioral mimicry.CI 1.5 is the transition from CI 1.0 to CI 2.0,which contributes to the compatibility of the two stages.Then,a new interpretation of the meta-synthesis of wisdom proposed by Qian Xuesen is given.The meta-synthesis of wisdom,as an improvement of crowd intelligence,is an advanced stage of bionic intelligence,i.e.,CI 3.0.It is pointed out that the dual-wheel drive of large language models and big data with deep uncertainty is an evolutionary path from CI 2.0 to CI 3.0,and some elaboration is made.As a result,we propose four development stages(CI 1.0,CI 1.5,CI 2.0,and CI 3.0),which form a complete framework for the development of CI.These different stages are progressively improved and have good compatibility.Due to the dominant role of cooperation in the development stages of CI,three types of cooperation in CI are discussed:indirect regulatory cooperation in lower organisms,direct communicative cooperation in higher organisms,and shared intention based collaboration in humans.Labor division is the main form of achieving cooperation and,for this reason,this paper investigates the relationship between the complexity of behavior and types of labor division.Finally,based on the overall understanding of the four development stages of CI,the future development direction and research issues of CI are explored.

Collective Movement Simulation:Methods and Applications

Collective movement simulations are challenging and important in many areas,including life science,mathematics,physics,information science and public safety.In this survey,we provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art techniques for collective movement simulations.We start with a discussion on certain concepts to help beginners understand it more systematically.Then,we analyze the intelligence among different collective objects and the emphasis in different fields.Next,we classify existing collective movement simulation methods into four categories according to their effects,namely versatility,accuracy,dynamic adaptability,and assessment feedback capability.Furthermore,we introduce five applications of layout optimization,emergency control,dispatching,unmanned systems,and other derivative applications.Finally,we summarize possible future research directions.

数字孪生技术在选煤厂的研究与应用

为实现选煤厂精细化管理,提高生产效率和质量,降低生产成本和风险,李楼选煤厂采用数字孪生技术,利用三维建模,并结合现场各种传感器、运行的历史数据等,集成多学科、多物理量、多概述的仿真过程,在虚拟空间完成映射,从而反映选煤厂实际生产的全过程。生产实践表明:数字孪生技术在选煤厂的应用主要体现在生产过程三维实时监控、三维模型实景漫游、工艺流程的模拟运行、人员定位的实时展示等。数字孪生技术的应用,提高了选煤厂车间的运营管理效率,实现了企业的智能化与精细化管理。

光伏新能源驱动雨水收集再利用及其在小农场中的应用

在中国,能源与水资源的缺乏与低效率使用已经成为制约经济发展的瓶颈。光伏新能源和雨水收集再利用是实现绿色能源应用、水资源保护和"节能减排"目标的有效途径。将光伏发电技术与雨水收集再利用有机结合,设计了光伏新能源驱动雨水收集再利用系统以实现灌溉,并在重庆市北碚区朝阳小学智慧生态小农场进行了试验,取得了良好效果。

弱电解质解离常数测定仪的优化与设计

该文对用电导法（平衡电桥法）测定弱电解质解离常数的仪器进行了优化与改进。改进后的仪器技术特征表现在测试仪机电一体化，电压检测及电阻采集数字化，数据处理智能化。经试用表明新仪器操作简单、灵敏度高、测定结果的精密度和准确度好，有较好的推广应用价值。

智能型喷药装置的设计

为消除传统喷药装置效率低、危害大的弊端,设计了一款智能喷药装置。介绍喷药装置的结构组成及工作原理,论述喷药过程及控制方法。该机可以最大程度提高工作效率、作业质量和作业安全性,是未来喷药机械发展的方向。

数字图书馆知识服务系统的研究

数字图书馆是21世纪图书馆发展的新方向,是计算机技术、多媒体技术、网络技术以及其他相关技术发展的产物,有着传统图书馆无法比拟的优势,能够提供全天候、全自动和智能化的服务。在这种背景下,数字图书馆知识服务系统应运而生。根据知识服务系统的需求,提出系统的总体框架,核心处理流程,并对系统的应用环境以及技术难点进行了详细说明和分析。

路灯智能监控管理系统

分析了在我国实现路灯管理的遥测、遥信、遥控、遥调自动化系统的必要性、可行性及对节能、减少交通事故的重要性和社会经济效益,提出了实现系统的技术方案。

Optimal PV array reconfiguration under partial shading condition through dynamic leader based collective intelligence

This paper applies the innovative idea of DLCI to PV array reconfiguration under various PSCs to capture the maxi-mum output power of a PV generation system.DLCI is a hybrid algorithm that integrates multiple meta-heuristic algo-rithms.Through the competition and cooperation of the search mechanisms of different metaheuristic algorithms,the local exploration and global development of the algorithm can be effectively improved to avoid power mismatch of the PV system caused by the algorithm falling into a local optimum.A series of discrete operations are performed on DLCI to solve the discrete optimization problem of PV array reconfiguration.Two structures(DLCI-I and DLCI-II)are designed to verify the effect of increasing the number of sub-optimizers on the optimized performance of DLCI by simulation based on 10 cases of PSCs.The simulation shows that the increase of the number of sub-optimizers only gives a relatively small improvement on the DLCI optimization performance.DLCI has a significant effect on the reduction in the number of power peaks caused by PSC.The PV array-based reconstruction system of DLCI-II is reduced by 4.05%,1.88%,1.68%,0.99%and 3.39%,when compared to the secondary optimization algorithms.

民航导航设备集中监控系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种采用先进的计算机技术、数据传输技术、智能数据采集等技术构成的集散型导航设备集中监控系统,阐明了系统的开发意义、设计思想、构成和功能,为实现民航导航设备的集中监控提供了可以借鉴的经验。

基于无线网络的PLC选矿厂供水系统

本文探讨了基于无线网络的PLC控制及变频技术的小型选矿厂供水系统的控制方法。该控制方法在节能方面效果显著,在季节变换时能确保水位稳定,可靠供水方面效果尤为显著。其方法是根据选矿厂用水量,自动调节不同地点的某台水泵的起停及转速,使该选矿厂供水系统实现一种智能化变频调速恒压供水系统。使工作储水池水位保持恒定。克服了选矿厂原供水系统,供水水位不稳定、耗电量大、可靠性差、劳动强度大的缺点。水位稳定度达到98%以上,节约电能22%。

城市轨道交通售检票系统智能化发展方向探讨

介绍了苏州城市轨道交通乘车凭证和支付方式演变趋势,提出了自动售检票系统(AFC)的智能化发展方向。通过提升AFC系统后台的智能化程度,赋予智能终端更多多元化的智能化服务,以加速车站管理和服务的智能化转变。

基于LPC2103智能开关控制器的设计与试验

针对目前分界开关控制器智能化程度不高、数据采集精度不足的情况,设计一种智能控制器系统。采用模块化设计,以ARM微处理器为核心,对配电线路电压、电流及开关状态信息进行检测,检测数据通过无线模块上传给监控中心,实时监测配电线路运行状态和开关状态。分别对电流和电压信号进行测试,测量值和计算值的相关系数分别为0.996 1和0.996 8,均满足控制器精度设计要求误差在±0.5%额定值,为电力系统配电线路分界开关智能控制器的研究提供基础。

Emergence mechanisms of group consensus in social networks

Reaching consensus within larger social network groups has emerged as a pivotal concern in the digital age of connectivity.This article redefines group consensus as the emergence of collective intelligence resulting from self-organizing actions and interactions of individuals within a social network group.In our exploration of extant research on group consensus,we illuminate two frequently underestimated,yet noteworthy facets:Dynamism and emergence.In contrast to the conventional perspective of consensus as a mere outcome,we perceive it as an ongoing,dynamic process.This process encompasses self-organized communication and interaction among group members,collectively guiding the group towards cognitive convergence and viewpoint integration.Consequently,it is imperative to redirect our focus from the outcomes of group interactions to an examination of the relationships and processes underpinning consensus formation,thus elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the generation of group consensus.The amalgamation of cognitive contexts and accurate simplification of real-world scenarios for simulation and experimental analysis offers a pragmatic operational approach.This study contributes novel theoretical underpinnings and quantitative insights for establishing and sustaining group consensus within the realm of engineering management practices.Concurrently,it holds substantial importance for advancing the broader research landscape pertaining to social consensus.

税收征管数字化升级与智能化改造探讨

全面推进税收征管数字化升级和智能化改造,是实现税收现代化战略目标的重要支撑。本文分析了税收征管数字化升级和智能化改造的必要性及可行性,探究数字化升级和智能化改造的内涵逻辑及本质要求,结合基层工作中的现实问题,提出稳步推进税收征管数字化升级的五项措施和创新智能化应用的五个场景,尝试对税收征管数字化升级和智能化改造的有效路径进行探索。

Connotation and Determinants of Web Collective Intelligence

With continuous development of network technology, users in network community are promoted to interact deeply, and remarkable web collective intelligence emerges in the process. As a relatively new concept, the connotation of web collective intelligence is preliminarily explored in this paper, where the network community is taken as the environment, expert users as the subject, and web comments as the carrier. Meanwhile, taking Wikipedia as an example, by means of questionnaire survey and structural equation model, a more systematic index system is constructed from the perspective of user characteristics to explore determinants of web collective intelligence quality, and potential influence of user attributes on user behavior.

重症监护谵妄筛查量表智能化设计的用户需求分析

目的旨在通过信息系统开发过程中所必需的用户需求分析方法，确定和分析护士在使用纸质版重症监护谵妄筛查量表（ICDSC）评估过程中存在的问题，为制定智能版ICDSC交互式策略提供依据。方法采用文献法和任务走查法2种方法对纸质版ICDSC进行用户需求分析。文献法以“ICDSC”“intensive care delirium screening checklist”和“重症监护谵妄筛查量表”为检索词，在PubMed、Springer、Elsevier、CNIAHL、CNKI和万方数据库中检索涉及ICDSC使用和评价的文献，检索时间为2000年1月-2017年12月，查找文献中对ICU护士使用纸质版ICDSC评估中存在问题的描述。任务走查法采用方便取样，选取ICU护士作为用户代表使用纸质版ICDSC对研究者提供的4份患者案例进行谵妄评估，每个案例都会完整完成ICDSC评估中的8项评估任务。研究者观察和记录护士在完成任务过程中出现的问题。护士样本量以信息饱和为原则（即不再出现新的信息为止）。结果本研究检索到的144篇文献中有7篇提及护士使用纸质版ICDSC评估谵妄过程中存在的问题，包括耗时、条目理解失误、护理记录的缺失／不准确。任务走查法共纳入15名ICU护士，结果显示存在的问题包括耗时、漏项、条目理解失误、计分错误、护理记录的缺失或不准确。结论纸质版ICDSC在使用过程中存在耗时、易漏项、条目理解失误、计分错误和评估信息来源不准确的问题，在进行智能版ICDSC的开发时，应针对这些具体问题设计交互式策略。

Target detection for multi-UAVs via digital pheromones and navigation algorithm in unknown environments

Coordinating multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(multi-UAVs)is a challenging technique in highly dynamic and sophisticated environments.Based on digital pheromones as well as current mainstream unmanned system controlling algorithms,we propose a strategy for multi-UAVs to acquire targets with limited prior knowledge.In particular,we put forward a more reasonable and effective pheromone update mechanism,by improving digital pheromone fusion algorithms for different semantic pheromones and planning individuals’probabilistic behavioral decision-making schemes.Also,inspired by the flocking model in nature,considering the limitations of some individuals in perception and communication,we design a navigation algorithm model on top of Olfati-Saber’s algorithm for flocking control,by further replacing the pheromone scalar to a vector.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can yield superior performance in terms of coverage,detection and revisit efficiency,and the capability of obstacle avoidance.

Hybrid Predictive Ensembles:Synergies Between Human and Computational Forecasts

An increasing proportion of decisions,design choices,and predictions are being made by hybrid groups consisting of humans and artificial intelligence(AI).In this paper,we provide analytic foundations that explain the potential benefits of hybrid groups on predictive tasks,the primary use of AI.Our analysis relies on interpretive and generative signal frameworks as well as a distinction between the big data used by AI and the thick,often narrative data used by humans.We derive several conditions on accuracy and correlation necessary for humans to remain in the loop.We conclude that human adaptability along with the potential for atypical cases that mislead AI will likely mean that humans always add value on predictive tasks.