Overview on Mangrove Forest Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Functions

This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.

Reflection on China's Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Construction after Rainstorm and Snowstorm

On July 10,2004,Beijing was hit by the rainstorm that has not been seen for many years,which caused water accumulation in many places of the urban area,power supply interruption in many places,and traffic paralysis for nearly 5 h. On July 12,2004,the rainstorm in Shanghai lasted less than 1 h,but it caused 7 deaths,more than 20 injuries,extensive power outages and traffic paralysis. At the end of 2005,the continuous snowfall in Weihai City of Shandong Province for half a month caused direct economic losses of over 200 million yuan,and the continuous heavy snowfall had a serious impact on people’s lives. From July 17 to 23,2021,Henan Province suffered a rare extremely heavy rainstorm in history,with a direct economic loss of 120.6 billion yuan. Faced with such urban meteorological disasters and other types of urban disasters,combined with the current situation of disaster prevention and reduction in China,what will managers,decision-makers,and experts and scholars think about from them.

Beyond Defense: Proactive Approaches to Disaster Recovery and Threat Intelligence in Modern Enterprises

As cyber threats keep changing and business environments adapt, a comprehensive approach to disaster recovery involves more than just defensive measures. This research delves deep into the strategies required to respond to threats and anticipate and mitigate them proactively. Beginning with understanding the critical need for a layered defense and the intricacies of the attacker’s journey, the research offers insights into specialized defense techniques, emphasizing the importance of timely and strategic responses during incidents. Risk management is brought to the forefront, underscoring businesses’ need to adopt mature risk assessment practices and understand the potential risk impact areas. Additionally, the value of threat intelligence is explored, shedding light on the importance of active engagement within sharing communities and the vigilant observation of adversary motivations. “Beyond Defense: Proactive Approaches to Disaster Recovery and Threat Intelligence in Modern Enterprises” is a comprehensive guide for organizations aiming to fortify their cybersecurity posture, marrying best practices in proactive and reactive measures in the ever-challenging digital realm.

Study on Risk Assessment of Summer Rainstorm Disaster and Countermeasures for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Shaoyang City

Using summer(June-August)precipitation observation data in 10 representative stations of Shaoyang City during 1971-2021 and disaster data caused by summer rainstorm in nine counties(cities)and four districts of Shaoyang during 1981-2021,statistical analysis on summer rainstorm and its caused disaster in Shaoyang was conducted,and spatial and temporal characteristics of summer rainstorm and spatial distribution rule of disaster were found out.The results showed that(1)the rainstorm disaster in Shaoyang City occurs almost every year and is highly seasonal.(2)Rainstorm disaster loss is the first of other meteorological disasters.(3)The summer rainstorm disaster has the characteristics of sudden and destructive.On this basis,the relative grades of rainstorm disaster risk degree and disaster loss degree were divided,and the risk assessment of rainstorm and flood disaster in Shaoyang City was made,and the disaster prevention and mitigation measures and countermeasures were put forward.The research could provide scientific decision basis for party and government departments guiding flood fighting and disaster relief.

Comprehensive Disaster Risk Prevention of "the Belt and Road Initiative":Important Significance,Catastrophe Risk,International Cooperation and Strategic Countermeasure

"The Belt and Road Initiative"is major decision proposed by the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core co-ordinating the domestic and international overall situations,and concerns peaceful rise of China and extension of the strategic opportunity period of modernization construction.It needs multi-faceted safeguards to successfully impel"the Belt and Road Initiative",in which disaster risk identification and its effective prevention and control are indispensable links.By integrating geogeographic and atmospheric environmental factors,countries along"the Belt and Road Initiative"belong to frequent occurrence region of major natural disasters.It restricts not only the economic and social development of relevant countries but also implementation effect of"the Belt and Road Initiative"construction,and is also related to the success or failure of Chinese enterprises going out to a certain extent.It should enhance disaster prevention and mitigation and ensure safety of major infrastructure construction related to interconnection of"the Belt and Road Initiative"by disaster identification and prevention,which is the key of successfully impelling strategy implementation and major need for guaranteeing the people s livelihood of the countries along the line.The work of disaster prevention and mitigation in the countries along the line is generally weak,and it is urgent to raise the level of disaster prevention as a whole by promoting the disaster prevention and mitigation cooperation in the"the Belt and Road Initiative"area;improve the coverage and level of disaster risk insurance;enhance construction in monitoring and early warning capability of natural disaster;strengthen structural adjustment of economy,industry and land use responding to climate change risks;establish a comprehensive disaster reduction forum of"the Belt and Road Initiative",and contain relevant content in"the Belt and Road Initiative"series of high-end forum topics.

Research on the Prevention and Control Methods for Forest Disasters in China's Forestry Ecological Environment Construction

With the development of economy,China has gradually begun to pay attention to the protection of the natural environment.Under the concept of"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",importance has been attached to the development of forestry economy.The protection of forest resources and the prevention and control of disasters are important contents and necessary components in the construction of China's forestry ecological environment.Through the analysis and research on the types of forest disasters(forest fires,biological disasters,meteorological disasters,geological disasters,deforestation)and disaster-causing factors,some basic countermeasures were put forward with the aim to enhance the production capacity of forest resources,improve the ecological environment of forest resources and prevent forest resource disasters.

Study on Risk Prevention of Rainstorm Disaster in the Jinji River of Guilin

The research aimed to prevent and reduce rainstorm disaster in the Jinji River of Yongfu County,Guilin City.Distribution of population,cultivated land and GDP in the Jinji River were analyzed,and the influence of historical rainstorm process was studied.Moreover,high risk area of meteorological disasters and the region not suitable for constructing residential areas,development zones and projects were distinguished,and its influence on agriculture and forestry was analyzed.If it was necessary to build residential areas,development zones and projects or the human society has already been in the high-risk area of meteorological disasters and it was difficult to move,what engineering measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of risks.The research could provide scientific basis for design standard of disaster prevention engineering,to prevent the occurrence of disaster risk.

Overview of Earthquake Preparedness and Disaster Mitigation in China1

As an earthquake-prone country, China has made sustained efforts in the study of earthquakes and disaster mitigation during the past several decades, with China Seismological Bureau (CSB) as the backbone of these efforts. Working towards this purpose, a series of key projects were implemented in the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” (1995-2000) to upgrade earthquake monitoring systems and to improve the supporting infrastructure, significant results in earthquake science were achieved. In the new century, we have worked out a blueprint for earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation in the “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, which emphases 3 systems (i.e. Seismic Monitoring & Prediction, Seismic Hazards Prevention, Emergency Response), and 10 key projects in earthquake science and technology.

STUDY ON TYPHOON DISASTER LOSS AND RISK PREDICTION AND BENEFIT ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION

Based on the meteorological monitoring data of Typhoon Nesat and Haitang in Fujian Province in 2017, the data of the typhoon disaster situation and third-party evaluation of typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation benefit were investigated. By using the mean value anomaly estimation method in the similarity analysis method, it is estimated that typhoon Nesat and Haitang will cause direct economic losses of 0.8 ～ 1.8 billion yuan, and the typhoon disaster risk index evaluation model is used. The disaster risk pre-assessment of Typhoon Nesat and Haitang is carried out. The results of the study and analysis show that the pre-assessment results of Typhoon Nesat and Haitang are basically consistent with the actual disaster situation. The disaster loss was reduced to the minimum. According to the third party evaluation and investigation, it was concluded that the contribution rate of reducing economic benefits was 75% in Fujian Province for preventing and landing double typhoons Nesat and Haitang. Mainly reflected in the ship return to the port to avoid the wind, geological hazards prone to the site construction and cage culture danger removal reinforcement and other links; The contribution rate of reducing casualties is 86, mainly reflected in fishermen disembarkation and personnel transfer to safety emergency shelter and other links. The benefit of this double typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation in Fujian Province is about 0.6 billion yuan to reduce the direct economic loss. According to the investigation, the overall satisfaction of the double typhoon meteorological service is 91.0 points. Typhoon early warning information service convenience satisfaction is 91.4 points, early warning information accuracy satisfaction is 87.2 points, government departments strong anti-Taiwan disaster reduction organization, linkage departments participate in disaster prevention and mitigation high. However, there is a gap between public awareness and participation in typhoon disasters.

Evaluation of Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters on a County Scale in Henan Province

Social vulnerability evaluation is of important significance to analyzing risks of natural disasters to human society and economy. By using expert investigation and AHP method,12 indicators from four aspects( population,economy,infrastructure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity) are selected to assess social vulnerability to natural disasters on a county scale in Henan Province. The results show that the population vulnerability and economic vulnerability to natural disasters in the eastern region is generally higher than in the western region,while the areas with high infrastructure vulnerability are mainly located in the northwest; the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in northwest is higher than in east and south,and this capacity of various districts is obviously higher than that of counties; in terms of the spatial pattern,social vulnerability to natural disasters is roughly higher in a belt from northeast to southwest,and lower on both sides of the belt. The results can provide scientific basis for disaster risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation planning in Henan Province.

Resilience: The New Paradigm in Disaster Management—An Australian Perspective

During past decades, frameworks relating to emergency and disaster management have been based on a risk management approach to prevention/mitigation and preparedness coupled with a strong emphasis on response by police and emergency service organisations. Numerous reviews and inquiries of significant events however have identified significant issues relating to the preparation for such events and the management thereof;in particular, critical shortcomings in the capability of emergency response agencies, their leaders and senior decision-makers. In 2008, the Australian Government, through The First National Security Statement to the Australian Parliament by Prime Minister Rudd, has incorporated non-traditional threats and hazards, such as those posed by the impact of climate change, on the national security agenda. In doing so, the Government has announced a paradigm shift in policy for the nation’s approach to emergency and disaster management, namely a move from “response” to “resilience”. In support of this policy shift, the Australian Government, through the Council of Australian Governments, has endorsed the National Strategy for Disaster Resilience and the Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy. These documents make resilience the responsibility of all levels of government, private industry, emergency response agencies, and the community. A review of the reports published following Australian reviews and inquiries into significant events has identified that existing frameworks do not provide the necessary mechanisms for baselining and assessing community resilience, that is, their ability to respond to and recover from significant events. Internationally, indices have been developed for assessing community resilience, however, inherent limitations have also been identified in their scope and application. This paper will review Australian and international events which have led to inquiries that have resulted in criticisms of the emergency and disaster response, as well as introducing the organisational capability and resilience of organisations particularly in the context of climate change.

高位远程地质灾害研究:回顾与展望

在全球范围内,高位远程地质灾害造成了多起群死群伤事件和特大经济损失,是特大型地质灾害防灾减灾科技攻关的难点。文章系统回顾了高位远程地质灾害的研究历程,认为常规的“高速远程滑坡”研究难以适应高山、极高山区复合型地质灾害防灾减灾的要求,提出了从高位失稳、远程成灾和风险防控全链条的高位远程地质灾害研究思路,探讨了高位崩滑启动源区的易灾地质结构特征和早期识别技术、高速碎屑流远程链动机理和边界层效应以及风险评估和防灾减灾问题。通过对青藏高原高山、极高山区的高位远程地质灾害研究,揭示了高位滑坡碎屑流势流体链动传递机理,以及紊流体和犁切体的边界层效应,提出可以通过改造高势能碎屑流体的边界层底坡、增大湍流边界层内湍动能的生成与组合障桩前死区范围的消能降险方法。最后,针对铁路、公路、水电工程、边疆城镇和国防建设的发展,讨论了复合型高位远程滑坡灾害的防灾减灾将面临的新挑战,提出了易灾地质结构孕灾机理、高位远程链灾动力过程和风险防控理论与技术等3方面亟待加强的研究方向。

城市生态防减灾中人工智能技术应用的进展与逻辑框架

在全球气候变化影响下,传统工程防灾难以解决自然灾害风险的不确定性问题。生态防减灾(Eco-DRR)作为国际韧性城市的前沿理论,对我国韧性城市发展有重要参考价值,人工智能(AI)技术可以很好地解决城市生态防减灾的不确定性问题,然而当前Eco-DRR理论研究与AI技术的实践应用存在断层。该文使用PRISMA2020框架调查城市Eco-DRR中AI技术应用的实践案例,通过质性研究总结城市Eco-DRR中AI技术的应用场景,从生态系统灾害调节服务评估、自然灾害风险评估、Eco-DRR方案决策以及Eco-DRR实施监测与后评估4个阶段剖析城市Eco-DRR中AI技术应用的典型案例。最后基于案例研究提出城市Eco-DRR领域AI技术应用的逻辑框架,总结其在应用过程中工具选择和数据准备的实践经验,探讨城市防灾中Eco-DRR的智能实现途径,为我国城市综合防灾和韧性城市建设提供借鉴。

地下工程防灾减灾课程案例库建设探讨

实现案例与理论的有机融合已经越发成为各课程教学方式的发展趋势,建立地下工程防灾减灾案例库,进行案例分析,将有助于改革课程模式,提高教学效率,促进该课程向前发展。基于文献分析,结合时代特征,对案例教学法在地下工程防灾减灾课程上的应用必要性进行探讨,重构课程教学目标,结合互联网和生活生产实际,对地下工程灾害案例进行挖掘,以河南理工大学安全专业为例,通过问卷调查对地下工程防灾减灾案例教学的实施效果进行评价,通过建立地下工程防灾减灾案例库,将案例与相关理论相结合,符合现代教学模式改革需要,值得提倡和进一步发展,所建立的案例库包含近期发生的地下工程水灾火灾事故案例及地下工程施工方法案例,案例教学法在地下工程防灾减灾课程上的应用得到广大学生的肯定,并给出积极评价。

基于平灾结合理念的社区智慧安防产品发展脉络研究

目的从平灾集合理念着手,针对社区安防产品发展脉络进行研究,分析2004年以来国内关于安防产品方面的研究进展和研究热点,为推进安防产品智能化进程及构建智慧安防系统建设提供理论参考和依据、探索新的思路。方法检索中国知网数据库中收录的有关智慧安防产品的中文文献。将筛选出的文献导入CiteSpace 6.3 R1中,提取文献中智慧安防产品关键词,并对其进行作者、机构、热点等可视化分析。结果提取相关中文期刊文献776篇,硕博士论文160篇。通过分析,梳理出平灾结合理念下的社区安防产品研发现状中存在的产品设计成果不足、校企合作脱节、体系建设不成熟等问题。结论利用CiteSpace可视化分析直观地阐述了社区智慧安防产品发展脉络,并针对当下分析出的问题,从政府、高校、企业三个层面提出建议。

新阶段海河流域防洪重点内容与举措思路

海河流域水系复杂、暴雨洪水集中,极易形成洪涝灾害,防洪任务重。回顾了2008年海河流域防洪规划实施情况,分析了京津冀协同发展、雄安新区建设等国家重大战略的实施以及水利高质量发展、防灾减灾救灾新理念、应对气候变化对流域防洪减灾能力提出的新要求,全面梳理了本次防洪规划的重难点问题,提出了完善流域防洪体系的思路举措。

融媒体背景下防震减灾新型科普模式探索与研究

随着互联网技术的提升,我国科普信息传播模式也随之发生改变。资源通融、内容兼融、宣传互融、利益共融的新型融媒体时代为防震减灾科普模式的发展提供了机遇,也提出了新的挑战。在互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等大环境下,大众对于地震科学普及的要求越来越高,防震减灾的科普工作日益受到重视。本文探讨了新媒体发挥各自的优势,加强公众的需求分析,利用信息技术促进地震科普传播的必然趋势,提高大众对防震减灾的认知,能够充分了解地震,具备避震和震后自救的能力,最大限度地减少地震造成的损失。通过不断更新的传播媒介,探索与研究防震减灾新型科普宣传模式。

基于轨迹计算的落石风险评估与防护措施决策研究

崩塌落石作为常见地质灾害之一,为探索验证简便可靠的风险评估手段,文中根据工程自身需求和特点,选择形式简洁的轨迹计算法评估落石风险。通过运动学公式进行程序化设计,讨论计算参数的合理取值,用大量计算数据模拟落石在坡面运动过程中的特征,给出落石风险评估结果,并制定出以主动防护为主的防治策略。

基于自然的解决方案在防灾减灾中的应用进展

面对日益频发的自然灾害挑战,传统防灾减灾方案难以应对,城市亟须采用新的方案,提升防灾减灾的效率及效益。基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS)是一种由自然启发和支持,主动进行可持续管理、保护和恢复生态系统的方案,已在防灾减灾领域展现出广阔的应用潜力。该文梳理了NbS的概念发展、应用原则、实践措施、常见应用领域及在防灾减灾中的应用流程等,并对NbS在防灾减灾应用特征进行了概括,同时根据灾前准备、灾中应对、灾后恢复三个阶段对NbS在防灾减灾中的应用进展进行了归纳。总结可知:NbS在减灾防灾中的应用是对传统方案的升级,可长期有效地管理自然灾害风险。NbS在灾前工作中的风险管理、风险评估、群体接受度提高、政策制定等措施均可有效提升前期防灾效率;灾中NbS则可进行应灾方案制定、提升基础设施综合效益、提供监测数据为城市防灾规划创建有效思路;灾后NbS通过生态修复、社会恢复、生态系统服务调节、复原力提升等恢复与重建工作,来提升区域适应未来威胁的能力。因此未来需重点关注:(1)如何将NbS纳入政策主流;(2)实时监测、量化效率、效益评估等NbS相关技术提升;(3)NbS本土化实践与经验累积的加强;(4)NbS在规划与实施阶段的可行性提升。