Evaluation of Intensive Urban Land Use Based on an Artificial Neural Network Model:A Case Study of Nanjing City,China

In this paper, the artificial neural network(ANN) model was used to evaluate the degree of intensive urban land use in Nanjing City, China. The construction and application of the ANN model took into account the comprehensive, spatial and complex nature of urban land use. Through a preliminary calculation of the degree of intensive land use of the sample area, representative sample area selection and using the back propagation neural network model to train, the intensive land use level of each evaluation unit is finally determined in the study area. Results show that the method can effectively correct the errors caused by the limitations of the model itself and the determination of the ideal value and weights when the multifactor comprehensive evaluation is used alone. The ANN model can make the evaluation results more objective and practical. The evaluation results show a tendency of decreasing land use intensity from the core urban area to the periphery and the industrial functional area has relatively low land use intensity compared with other functional areas. Based on the evaluation results, some suggestions are put forward, such as transforming the mode of urban spatial expansion, strengthening the integration and potential exploitation of the land in the urban built-up area, and strengthening the control of the construction intensity of protected areas.

A Study of Current Land Use in the Urban Area of Ma'anshan City

With the acceleration of urbanization,urban development poses a growing demand for land.China's national conditions of a large population with relatively little arable land require us to intensively use land,and more and more departments have been aware of the importance of intensive urban land use.The study on the current land use in the urban area of Ma'anshan City,is not only conducive to adjustment of land use layout and structure as well as urban ecological construction,but also of guiding significance to the economical and intensive land use in Ma'anshan City.This paper first describes the natural,social and economic situation of Ma'anshan's urban area,then analyzes the land use structure,layout and problems,and finally puts forth the recommendations for improving current land use situation in the urban area of Ma'anshan City.

Subsidence associated with land use changes in urban aquifers with intensive extraction

Land use change is a major factor in alterations in natural processes and cycles. Remote sensing has become an excellent tool to evaluate technological changes in land cover and land use changes over large areas, such as those occurring in the Valley of San Luis Potosi (VSLP). Here, such changes have impacted a system which is 95% dependent on the aquifer. The methodology for the present study is based on the use of satellite images for the years 1976, 1986, 1995 and 2000. To asses land use change, a supervised classification process was used with a decision tree technique and ENVI 4.3 software. The evolution of groundwater levels for the years 1977, 1986, 1995, 1998 and 2007 was also analyzed, as well as problems of subsidence and fissuring in the urban area of the valley in 2006. With the support of remote sensing, it was possible to analyze the dynamic changes in land use over large areas and highlight their impact on the environment.

Evaluation and Obstacle Diagnosis of Low-carbon Intensive Land Use in Kaifeng City

Low carbon intensive use of urban land is an important trend to achieve regional high quality development.In this study,with Kaifeng municipal district as an example,the catastrophe progression model was used to estimate and analyze the low-carbon intensive use level of urban land in Kaifeng City from 2011 to 2020,and the obstacle factors in the process of low-carbon intensive land use in Kaifeng City were revealed by using the obstacle degree model.The results showed that during the study period,the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City showed a slow,fluctuating and declining trend,and the overall situation was in a generally intensive state.The land input level and land output level were on the rise,while the low-carbon level of land and the degree of land use were on the decline.Currently,the main obstacle factors restricting the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City were the carbon structure coefficient of land use,energy consumption per square kilometer,carbon emissions per square kilometer,carbon emissions per capita,and non-agricultural land use efficiency.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the land use structure and promote the high-quality development of Kaifeng City.

Effects of urbanization on groundwater level in aquifers of Binh Duong Province,Vietnam

The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of urbanization on the groundwater level(GWL)in aquifers of Binh Duong(BD)Province.The research method is to analyze the trend of GWL,the recharge capacity of surface over time and the relationship between them.The data of the GWL used in the study are the average values in the dry and rainy seasons of 35 observation wells from 2011 to 2018,which are in Pleistocene and Pliocene aquifers.The ability to recharge groundwater from the surface in this study was represented by the curve number(CN),a parameter used in hydrology for calculating direct runoff or infiltration from rainfall.The land use data to identify the CN was analyzed from the Landsat images.The results show that besides over-exploitation,the change of surface characteristic due to the urbanization development process is also the cause of the GWL decline.The analysis of seasonal GWL data shows that the increase in impervious surface area is the cause of GWL decline in the Pleistocene aquifer,which is more evident in the rainy season than in the dry season.The statistical results also show that in the rainy season and in shallow aquifers,a higher CN change can be found with the wells that had a remarkable GWL decline compared to the remaining wells.

Correlation between Urban Land Change Process and Socioeconomic Development since the 1980s in Jiangsu Province

Studying the process and characteristics of urban land change in different phases of urbanization and different economic development is much important for understanding urban land change and management at a macro level. Taking the example of Jiangsu Province, the present paper studied the correlation between urban land change process and socioeconomic development from 1981 to 2003 on the basis of statistical data. The results showed the following three aspects. First, urban land area has changed periodically and the research duration can be divided into two periods: from 1981 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2003. In each period, the changing trend is the same, i.e. slow at first and then quick. Studying from the comprehensive change status, the characteristic of fluctuant change is significant with three acute change pinnacles in 1988, 1991 and 2002 which were corresponded to turning point years of economic development phases of Jiangsu Province respectively. Second, the synchronization between urban land change and urbanization level change is not strict. With the evolution of urbanization phases, the change pace of urbanization level increased remarkably, but urban land change rate did not increase significantly accordingly. Third, the area of urban land has exponentially increased with the increase of per capita GDP. In different economic development levels classified by per capital GDP, land resource cost for economic development is different, respectively 29.01 hm2, 26.34 hm2, 26.22 hm2, and 11.14 hm2 for the increase of 100 million RMB GDP when the per capita GDP is under 1000, 1000–2000, 2000–5000 and over 5000 RMB.

Analog simulation of urban construction land supply and demand in Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration based on land intensive use

Urban land intensive use is an important indicator in harmonizing the relationship between land supply and demand. The system dynamics(SD) can be used to construct the feedback loop between urban construction land supply and demand and index variable function. Based on this, this study built a supply and demand system dynamic model of urban construction land for Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration. This model can simulate the change trends of supply and demand of construction land, industrial land, and residential land in 2016–2030 by three scenarios of low, medium, and high intensity modes. The results showed that the scale of construction land of urban agglomeration is expanding, with a rapid increase rate for the urban construction land. The scale and speed of land use based on the three intensity modes existed differences. The large scale and supply of construction land in the low intensity mode caused easily the waste of land resources. In high intensity mode, the scale and supply of construction land were reduced against the healthy development of new-type urbanization. In the medium intensity mode, the scale and supply of land use adapted to the socio-economic development and at the same time reflected the concept of modern urban development. In addition, the results of this study found that the proportion of industrial land in construction land ranged from 15% to 21%, which increased year by year in the low intensity mode, and decreased slowly and stabilized in medium and high intensity modes. The proportion of residential land in construction land ranged from 27% to 35%, which decreased in the low and the medium intensity modes, and maintained a high level in the higher intensity mode. This study contributes to provide scientific reference for decision-making optimization of land supply and demand, urban planning, and land supply-side reform.

Development of evaluation model for intensive land use in urban centers

Starting with exptoration from the perspective of urban spaces, this research was conducted by anatyzing the functionat areas--urban centers with the most hightighted contradictions in terms of intensive land use in order to devetop an evatuation model for intensive land use in urban centers. Based on quantitative research methods, and taking into account three aspects of intensive use, i.e., buitdings, lands and traffic as wetl as muttiple evaluation factors, this paper conducted the research horizontatty by means of quantitative and comparative studies on each individual factor, devetoped the evatuation model for intensive rand use in urban centers, and anatyzed the driving forces of intensive land use from the aspects of buitdings, land use, roads, etc.

Understanding the change of land space utilization efficiency with different functions and its coupling coordination: A case study of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Land spaces function in capacities of urban development,agricultural production,and ecological conservation,among many others.Research of land space utilization efficiency(LSUE)and coupling coordination relationships among its subsystems are significant for sustainable land space development.In this study,taking the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)as the study area,we establish a measurement index system to evaluate the LSUE(2000–2018)and analyze its coupling coordination degree by utilizing an improved coupling coordination model.The main results include the following.(1)The average efficiency levels of urban space and agricultural space in the UAMRYR increased 2000–2018,while the average efficiency of ecological space declined.(2)The spatial pattern of the LSUE values varied greatly,with the distributions of high-efficiency and low-efficiency levels significantly different.(3)The coupling degree of LSUE includes three types,i.e.,high-level coupling,break-in,and antagonism.Each coupling degree type was characterized by change over time.(4)The proportion of areas with high coupling coordination and moderate coupling coordination increased from 2000 to 2018,while the proportion of areas with basic coupling coordination,moderate imbalance,and serious imbalance declined during this period.Given that the spatial differentiation of the LSUE and its coupling coordination,it is necessary to implement a differential land space development strategy in the UAMRYR.This study is helpful to promote the efficient utilization and coordinated development of land space utilization systems.

Spatiotemporal influences of land use/cover changes on the heat island effect in rapid urbanization area

Rapid urban sprawl and growth led to substantial urban thermal environment changes and influenced the local climate, environment, and quality of life of residents. Taking the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration in China as a case, this study firstly identified the spatiotemporal patterns of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and the land use/cover changes (LUCC) based on multi-temporal Landsat TM satellite data over 21 years, and then investigated the relationship between LUCC and SUHII by methods of logistic regression model and centroid shift analysis. The results showed that green spaces (e.g., cropland, forestland) of 899.13 km2 had been converted to built-up land during the 1994—2015 period, which caused significant urban expansion. The SUHII was the highest for built-up land, high for unused land, low for cropland and grassland, and the lowest for forestland and open water. Many areas experienced extensive rapid urbanization because of the emergence of the urban agglomeration, which resulted in the loss of green spaces and increased SUHI effects over the 21-year study period. In addition, the results of centroid shift analysis found that the growth of SUHII and the expansion of high SUHII areas are closely related to the expansion of an existing urban area in Xiangtan, while the increases of building density and height in Changsha resulted in the decrease of SUHII and spatiotemporal change of high SUHII areas. The analysis of the effects of land use/cover types on the SUHII in this study will contribute to future urban land use allocation for the mitigation of SUHI formation.

宁夏城市建设用地节约集约利用与高质量发展耦合协调研究

当前中国进入高质量发展阶段,缓解城市快速扩张伴随的土地利用粗放问题对城市可持续发展具有重要意义。现有研究多单方面关注城市建设用地节约集约水平或高质量发展状态,较少讨论两系统间的耦合协调关系。通过构建多维指标体系,测度2018年宁夏22个区县城市建设用地节约集约利用水平和高质量发展状态,并采用耦合协调度、相对发展度和影响协调力分析两系统间的耦合协调关系。结果表明:(1)2018年宁夏城市建设用地节约集约水平呈现出“中部低、南北高”的分布态势,而高质量发展水平呈现出“西北高、东南低”的空间分布格局。(2)两系统耦合协调度空间上呈现出“中部低、南北高”的分布格局,宁夏大部分区县处于基本协调状态且两系统关系呈良性循环。(3)创新和安全子系统对两系统的耦合协调度普遍起反向阻滞作用;绿色和协调子系统对两系统的耦合协调度普遍起正向推动作用。研究结果可为黄河流域高质量发展情境下促进建设用地节约集约利用提供实证依据。

Spatiotemporal evolution of national development zones and their impact on urban land growth in China

Development zones are important growth poles for promoting regional economic development. However, the spatiotemporal relationship between development zone construction and urban land growth is still unclear. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal changes of national-level development zones(NDZs), approximately 219 national economic development zones, and 156 high-tech development zones during 1990–2018 in China. The impact of development zone establishment on the growth of surrounding urban land was quantitatively explored using circle buffering analysis and time series comparative analysis. The results show that China's NDZs spread from the southeast coast to the inland area from 1990 to 2018, and the establishment of the development zones has an obvious promoting effect on the surrounding urban land growth. The scope and intensity of influences of the development zone established in different periods present distinct nonstationarity in space and time. Overall, the impact on urban land(IU) of China's NDZs established in different years was mostly highest at the 100 m buffer zone radius, while the slope of the IU was mostly negative, which meant that the 100 m buffer zone radius of the development zone center was the most efficient scale to promote urban land growth. In the meantime, the curve of IU of NDZs established before 1990, during 1996–2000 and 2001–2005 has a clear inflection point, which indicates that the most efficient scales of NDZs established before 1990, during 1996–2000, and 2001–2005 are 1300 m, 900–1000 m, and 800 m, respectively. NDZs established in other periods do not have the most obvious efficient scale. The development zone played the greatest role in promoting urban land growth from 2000 to 2010. Three association modes, including post-growth, pre-growth and steady-growth, were identified based on the differences in geographical location, establishment time, and type of development zones. We quantitatively identify the impact of the growth pole of NDZs on urban land growth from the perspective of spatiotemporal evolution. The findings would provide decision-making support for optimizing the spatial relationship between development zone construction and urban land growth.

Comprehensive assessment on the ecological stress of rapid land urbanization per proportion, intensity, and location

Aiming at assessing the ecological stress of land urbanization comprehensively,three perspectives are considered and combined,i.e.the amount effect with the proportion of construction lands as the indicator,the intensity effect per the density of environmental pollutant emissions,and the location effect based on their spatial distribution in the heterogeneous landscape.The quantitative results of Southern Jiangsu case in Eastern China show the single-perspective ecological stress are spatially different;the proportion effect is higher in city propers which are more densely populated and industrialized.However,the intensity effect is more significant for units along the Yangtze river where heavy industries are gathered,while the location effect is higher in“ecologically suitable”regions.As the integration of proportion,intensity,and location effects,the comprehensive stress differs across Southern Jiangsu and are also different with the single-perspective results.Dominant stressors of each unit are spatially distinct,which benefits policymakers in targeting their objectives as per primary influencing factors.It is concluded that the comprehensive assessment could efficiently reveal the spatial differentiation of the ecological effects of land urbanization and also the differentiated role of different factors for each unit.

城市化与中国城市土地利用结构的相关分析

在我国城市化过程中,伴随有城市土地利用结构的变化,它们之间有何关系?本文在分析了当前我国城市化发展状况及城市土地利用结构所存在的问题的基础上,通过对城市化水平和城市土地利用结构建立多元线性回归模型,得出它们之间的线性关系,认为随着城市化水平的提高,城市用地中居住用地是随之增加的,工业用地、仓储用地及对外交通用地则是随之减少,而且随着城市化的发展,公共设施用地也在不断增加,它同居住生活用地同时随城市规模与人口的增加而增加。从国际城市化发展规律看,城市化率达到30%以上就进入了高速发展时期,而我国到2000年城市化率就已达到36 2%,由此可以得出我国目前城市化处在中期发展水平,在以后进入高级城市化发展水平过程中,必须向着集约利用城市土地的方向发展,从扩大城市规模向提高城市综合质量转变。同时根据对未来城市化的预测,再根据前述回归模型预测出我国在未来20年内的城市土地利用结构的变化趋势,由此提出盘活城市存量土地,加快土地市场化步伐、合理调整城市用地结构,优化土地配置,改善城市综合环境、挖掘城市用地潜力,适当提高城市土地容积率,积极利用多维空间的政策性建议。

石家庄市农村居民点用地集约利用潜力评价

近年来,石家庄市农村居民点用地增长过快对土地持续利用、经济和社会发展构成严重制约,农村居民点用地集约利用势在必行。该文在农村居民点用地集约利用潜力评价内涵界定和集约利用分区的基础上,构建了农村居民点用地集约利用潜力评价指标体系,建立了评价模型。以县为评价单元,对石家庄市农村居民点用地集约利用潜力进行了实证研究,按综合评价分值高低将18个评价单元划分为集约利用潜力很大、较大、较小3个级别。在上述研究基础上,提出石家庄市农村居民点用地集约利用的有效途径。

城市土地集约利用与经济增长的协整分析及因果关系检验——以江苏省无锡市为例

城市土地集约利用与经济增长间存在密切关系。借助Eviews5.0软件,分析了无锡市1991-2007年城市土地集约利用与经济增长间的协整关系和因果关系,发现城市土地集约利用与经济增长间存在长期的均衡关系,但短期存在失衡关系,短期失衡向长期均衡回归的速度达0.9709;长期内,经济增长对城市土地集约利用的弹性为0.2848,短期则为0.2681;无锡市城市土地集约利用与经济增长间存在单向因果关系。

城市土地集约利用评价及其驱动因子分析——以绥化市为例

在综合考虑经济因素、社会因素、生态因素对绥化市土地集约利用评价影响的基础上,建立中观层次的土地集约利用评价体系,运用最优组合赋权法和多目标综合评价法对绥化市2004~2012年的城市土地集约利用水平综合评价。以2004~2012年绥化市土地集约利用评价指标体系的各指标序列作为基础数据,利用统计软件SPSS19.0对相关数据进行计算,对影响绥化市土地集约利用水平的驱动因素进行分析。结果表明,2004~2007年绥化市土地集约利用系统呈现不集约状态。2008~2009年绥化市土地集约利用系统处于比较集约状态。2010~2011年土地集约利用系统处于集约状态。2012年土地集约利用系统处于十分集约状态。

中国设区市土地集约利用类型区划分研究

中国的基本国情之一是地区差异明显。在进行城市集约利用评价或制定相关标准时,由于存在这种差异,导致很多政策执行不力。在人们高度重视城市土地集约利用研究时,如何进行差别对待,因地制宜,需要从类型区的角度进行研究。本文以设区城市为研究对象,在对《城市统计年鉴》进行统计分析的基础上,采用"统计分析+使用频率"方法,筛选出共4类24个指标,借助统计资料和GIS技术,划分了4个一级集约利用类型区以及各区中的17个亚区,并建立了亚区命名体系。结果显示:(1)城市土地集约利用程度大致为东高西低。东部城市多为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,中部城市多为Ⅲ级,西部城市多为Ⅳ级。(2)城市土地集约程度和城市经济状况存在不完全吻合现象,表现在一些城市经济情况相对比较好,但是土地集约利用程度却不高。这在中部城市表现得十分明显。由此得出结论,采用本文的研究思路和方法可以较好地解决城市土地集约利用的差异管理问题,并可进行动态更新,使政策制定和管理更具操作性。

城市化建设与土地集约利用

城市化是人类社会发展和进步的必然趋势 ,但发展城市化的同时也应注重保护耕地 ,合理用地 ,节约用地。本文分析了我国城市土地利用现状及存在的问题 ,提出城市化建设与土地集约利用是相辅相成、相互促进的关系。

河南城市土地集约利用水平差异时空特征研究

城市土地集约利用是城市发展的必然要求。以河南省为研究对象,探讨了该省在1996年和2006年城市土地集约利用的时空格局与演变规律。结果表明:(1)全省城市土地集约利用水平呈现明显的上升态势。(2)与1996年相比,2006年全省各城市之间土地集约利用水平的差异有所扩大。(3)在不同的研究年份,土地投入水平、土地产出水平、土地利用水平和土地生态环境质量等在城市土地集约利用水平中发挥的作用有较大差异。(4)在研究期间,城市土地集约利用水平及其4个影响因素各自变化幅度差异显著,且同一地区各自的变化幅度也不完全一致。