Aim:To determine the computed tomography(CT)features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:In this institutional review board approved study,we reviewed 38 patient...Aim:To determine the computed tomography(CT)features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:In this institutional review board approved study,we reviewed 38 patients with NAFLD(68.4%male;mean age 63 years)with histology confirmed HCC and triphasic liver CT.CT images were independently reviewed by four readers blinded to clinical and pathology data.The reviewers assessed HCC for arterial phase hyper enhancement(APHE),portal venous phase washout(PVWO),delayed phase washout(DPWO),and enhancing capsule.Features of cirrhotic morphology and portal hypertension(PH)were also evaluated.The final CT features were determined by majority and a fifth reader reviewed cases lacking majority.Inter-rater agreement was determined by prevalence-adjusted kappa.Results:Mean HCC size was 3.6±2.8 cm(range,1.1-16.0 cm).The HCCs showed APHE in 92.1%,PVWO in 55.3%,DPWO in 81.6%,and enhancing capsule in 44.7%.Cirrhotic morphology was present in 65.8%and PH in 63.2%.Inter-rater agreement was moderate to almost perfect for APHE(0.74-1.0),cirrhosis(0.79-0.89),and PH(0.79-0.95),weak to perfect for DPWO(0.47-0.95)and poor for PVWO(0-0.42). ;Conclusion:NAFLD associated HCC demonstrate less frequent portal venous washout on CT which may affect their imaging diagnosis.展开更多
为了改善现有终端测试平台的调试能力差、自动化功能不足和测试环境不真实等缺点,搭建了新的基于TTCN-3(Testing and Test Control Notation version 3)测试系统的多模终端无线资源管理(RRM)一致性测试平台,设计了关于多小区异系统测量...为了改善现有终端测试平台的调试能力差、自动化功能不足和测试环境不真实等缺点,搭建了新的基于TTCN-3(Testing and Test Control Notation version 3)测试系统的多模终端无线资源管理(RRM)一致性测试平台,设计了关于多小区异系统测量过程的测试方案,根据该方案进行仿真,自动生成测试流程图和测试结果报告,不仅说明了多模终端的测量功能符合3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)协议要求,而且有效验证了所搭建终端测试平台的合理性与优越性。展开更多
小区重选作为空闲态下异系统互操作研究领域的重要组成部分,是验证异系统多小区互操作能否实现的重要标志。鉴于此,设计了一种基于TTCN-3(Testing and Test Control Notation version3)的TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA终端RRM(Radio Resource Managem...小区重选作为空闲态下异系统互操作研究领域的重要组成部分,是验证异系统多小区互操作能否实现的重要标志。鉴于此,设计了一种基于TTCN-3(Testing and Test Control Notation version3)的TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA终端RRM(Radio Resource Management)一致性测试小区重选测试例。首先搭建基于TTCN-3的RRM一致性测试平台,此平台具有调试能力强,自动化测试功能,测试环境更加真实,以及灵活的可视化界面等优点,然后基于此平台编写TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA小区重选脚本,最后在平台上顺利运行,验证了基于TTCN-3的异系统多小区之间互操作的可行性。展开更多
Objective: This study investigated the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) in adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. The ASAS has been sh...Objective: This study investigated the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) in adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. The ASAS has been shown to be superior to other clinical tools for the assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy but reliability has not been previously examined in adults. Method: Four muscle groups were rated on one occasion by four assessors using the ASAS in sixteen adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. Twelve participants returned one week later for reassessment by the same assessors. Results: Overall inter-rater reliability of the ASAS using a quadratic weighted Kappa was moderate (Kqw 0.58) with ranges from moderate to good (Kqw 0.42 - 0.70). Agreement between raters was greatest for soleus muscle and least for wrist flexors. Overall intra-rater reliability of each of the four raters was moderate to good (Kqw 0.48 - 0.79). Agreement within raters was greatest for soleus muscle and least for biceps muscle. Conclusions: The ASAS may represent an appropriate alternative to the clinical scales currently used to assess spasticity;however inter and intra-rater reliability data from this investigation are lower than those which have previously been reported by experienced users of the ASAS in children with cerebral palsy. Further investigation with a larger sample size is warranted before any firm conclusions may be drawn about the reliability and validity of this tool to assess spasticity in adults with acquired brain injury.展开更多
文摘Aim:To determine the computed tomography(CT)features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:In this institutional review board approved study,we reviewed 38 patients with NAFLD(68.4%male;mean age 63 years)with histology confirmed HCC and triphasic liver CT.CT images were independently reviewed by four readers blinded to clinical and pathology data.The reviewers assessed HCC for arterial phase hyper enhancement(APHE),portal venous phase washout(PVWO),delayed phase washout(DPWO),and enhancing capsule.Features of cirrhotic morphology and portal hypertension(PH)were also evaluated.The final CT features were determined by majority and a fifth reader reviewed cases lacking majority.Inter-rater agreement was determined by prevalence-adjusted kappa.Results:Mean HCC size was 3.6±2.8 cm(range,1.1-16.0 cm).The HCCs showed APHE in 92.1%,PVWO in 55.3%,DPWO in 81.6%,and enhancing capsule in 44.7%.Cirrhotic morphology was present in 65.8%and PH in 63.2%.Inter-rater agreement was moderate to almost perfect for APHE(0.74-1.0),cirrhosis(0.79-0.89),and PH(0.79-0.95),weak to perfect for DPWO(0.47-0.95)and poor for PVWO(0-0.42). ;Conclusion:NAFLD associated HCC demonstrate less frequent portal venous washout on CT which may affect their imaging diagnosis.
文摘为了改善现有终端测试平台的调试能力差、自动化功能不足和测试环境不真实等缺点,搭建了新的基于TTCN-3(Testing and Test Control Notation version 3)测试系统的多模终端无线资源管理(RRM)一致性测试平台,设计了关于多小区异系统测量过程的测试方案,根据该方案进行仿真,自动生成测试流程图和测试结果报告,不仅说明了多模终端的测量功能符合3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)协议要求,而且有效验证了所搭建终端测试平台的合理性与优越性。
文摘小区重选作为空闲态下异系统互操作研究领域的重要组成部分,是验证异系统多小区互操作能否实现的重要标志。鉴于此,设计了一种基于TTCN-3(Testing and Test Control Notation version3)的TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA终端RRM(Radio Resource Management)一致性测试小区重选测试例。首先搭建基于TTCN-3的RRM一致性测试平台,此平台具有调试能力强,自动化测试功能,测试环境更加真实,以及灵活的可视化界面等优点,然后基于此平台编写TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA小区重选脚本,最后在平台上顺利运行,验证了基于TTCN-3的异系统多小区之间互操作的可行性。
文摘Objective: This study investigated the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) in adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. The ASAS has been shown to be superior to other clinical tools for the assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy but reliability has not been previously examined in adults. Method: Four muscle groups were rated on one occasion by four assessors using the ASAS in sixteen adults with unilateral hypertonia following acquired brain injury. Twelve participants returned one week later for reassessment by the same assessors. Results: Overall inter-rater reliability of the ASAS using a quadratic weighted Kappa was moderate (Kqw 0.58) with ranges from moderate to good (Kqw 0.42 - 0.70). Agreement between raters was greatest for soleus muscle and least for wrist flexors. Overall intra-rater reliability of each of the four raters was moderate to good (Kqw 0.48 - 0.79). Agreement within raters was greatest for soleus muscle and least for biceps muscle. Conclusions: The ASAS may represent an appropriate alternative to the clinical scales currently used to assess spasticity;however inter and intra-rater reliability data from this investigation are lower than those which have previously been reported by experienced users of the ASAS in children with cerebral palsy. Further investigation with a larger sample size is warranted before any firm conclusions may be drawn about the reliability and validity of this tool to assess spasticity in adults with acquired brain injury.
