Over the past several decades natural resource issues have become highly controversial, even playing out on the national or international stage. While natural resource science has advanced, the controversy has not gon...Over the past several decades natural resource issues have become highly controversial, even playing out on the national or international stage. While natural resource science has advanced, the controversy has not gone away. If anything, it has gotten worse. The reality is that natural resource managers need to be as skilled at addressing public concerns as they are with resource science. Fortunately, over the same period the social sciences have produced useful tools that can aid natural resource managers. But resource managers need to know about these tools and be trained in their use. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to some of the social science tools or approaches that have proven to reduce political conflict over resource issues. When beginning a major project, resource managers can review this list to see which of these approaches might prevent or mitigate controversy. References are provided for each tool as a starting place for further exploration.展开更多
Regarding the importance of watersheds in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to better protect water supplies such as dam reservoirs. The most efficient way of conserving water sources is to apply proper mana...Regarding the importance of watersheds in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to better protect water supplies such as dam reservoirs. The most efficient way of conserving water sources is to apply proper management to decrease erosion and sedimentation. The first step of this process is to be aware of sediment yield （Qs）/production and identify erosive zones in upper reach of reservoirs. The present study aims to evaluate Qs and production in Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee （PSIAC） and mod- ified PSIAC （MPSIAC） models by using satellite data, GIS analysis, and field observations. According to the results, the study area can be categorized into five erosive classes： very high, high, moderate, low and negligible. The east part of the watershed is slightly eroded due to its hard surface geology and relatively flat topography characteristics, while the northern and southern parts of the basin are highly eroded because of the high erodibility potential of soil and intensive cultivation of the area. A comparison of the output maps from PSIAC and MPSIAC models showed that the calculated Qs in most parts correspond well in both models and with field observa- tions. The results of regression between main determining factors （surface geology, soil, topography and land cover） and Qs derived from each model indicated moderate to strong correlation coefficient （R2 = 0.436-0.996 to 0.893- 0.998） after PSIAC and MPSIAC models, respec- tively.展开更多
文摘Over the past several decades natural resource issues have become highly controversial, even playing out on the national or international stage. While natural resource science has advanced, the controversy has not gone away. If anything, it has gotten worse. The reality is that natural resource managers need to be as skilled at addressing public concerns as they are with resource science. Fortunately, over the same period the social sciences have produced useful tools that can aid natural resource managers. But resource managers need to know about these tools and be trained in their use. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to some of the social science tools or approaches that have proven to reduce political conflict over resource issues. When beginning a major project, resource managers can review this list to see which of these approaches might prevent or mitigate controversy. References are provided for each tool as a starting place for further exploration.
文摘Regarding the importance of watersheds in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to better protect water supplies such as dam reservoirs. The most efficient way of conserving water sources is to apply proper management to decrease erosion and sedimentation. The first step of this process is to be aware of sediment yield （Qs）/production and identify erosive zones in upper reach of reservoirs. The present study aims to evaluate Qs and production in Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee （PSIAC） and mod- ified PSIAC （MPSIAC） models by using satellite data, GIS analysis, and field observations. According to the results, the study area can be categorized into five erosive classes： very high, high, moderate, low and negligible. The east part of the watershed is slightly eroded due to its hard surface geology and relatively flat topography characteristics, while the northern and southern parts of the basin are highly eroded because of the high erodibility potential of soil and intensive cultivation of the area. A comparison of the output maps from PSIAC and MPSIAC models showed that the calculated Qs in most parts correspond well in both models and with field observa- tions. The results of regression between main determining factors （surface geology, soil, topography and land cover） and Qs derived from each model indicated moderate to strong correlation coefficient （R2 = 0.436-0.996 to 0.893- 0.998） after PSIAC and MPSIAC models, respec- tively.
