A Genetic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Based Projection Pursuit Method for Selecting Schemes of Water Transportation Projects

The optimal selection of schemes of water transportation projects is a process of choosing a relatively optimal scheme from a number of schemes of water transportation programming and management projects, which is of importance in both theory and practice in water resource systems engineering. In order to achieve consistency and eliminate the dimensions of fuzzy qualitative and fuzzy quantitative evaluation indexes, to determine the weights of the indexes objectively, and to increase the differences among the comprehensive evaluation index values of water transportation project schemes, a projection pursuit method, named FPRM-PP for short, was developed in this work for selecting the optimal water transportation project scheme based on the fuzzy preference relation matrix. The research results show that FPRM-PP is intuitive and practical, the correction range of the fuzzy preference relation matrix [WTHX]A[WT] it produces is relatively small, and the result obtained is both stable and accurate; therefore FPRM-PP can be widely used in the optimal selection of different multi-factor decision-making schemes.

ANALYSIS OF LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION

Land bridge transportation means transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship. At present, there are two common routes for using land bridge transportation in the world. One is Asia-America-Europe land bridge, the other is Europe-Asia land bridge.Eurasia land bridge has obvious advantages over Asia-America-Europe land bridge due to its shorter distance, shorter transportation time and special freight rate. China started Eurasia land bridge transportation business in 1980. It mainly used the mode of railway-railway combined transportation. The comparison between using Eurasia land bridge and using shipping transportation from China to Northern and Western Europe shows that Euraria land bridge transportation can save time and get foreign exchange in time, and commodity turnover will be speeded up. According to the port layout and railway network structure, China’s land bridge transportation projects are proposed. They are Suifenhe project, Dalian

Adding Sputum Collection and Transportation Services for Early Identification TB Cases in Hard-to-Reach Difficult Terrain—Will It Help?

A community engagement project was designed and implemented to reach 10.6 million population in 13 districts of Uttarakhand state—India, to identify presumptive TB patients (PTBPs) and link to free diagnostics services, either through referral or sputum collection and transportation (SCT). The objective of this study is to determine additional yield of TB patients achieved by providing SCT services in comparison to referrals of PTBPs identified in hard-to-reach areas. This was before and after comparative study conducted between April-June 2014 (2Q2014-before) to July-September 2014 (3Q2014-after). SCT was advised for all PTBPs identified from community level interventions between July-September 2014 (3Q2014-after). In 3Q2014, additional 279 (34%) PTBPs were examined in the microscopy centre with an additional 36 (51%) new smear positive (NSP) patient diagnosed. A total of 46 NSP (128%) were contributed by SCT alone. Higher proportion (94%) of TB patients was initiated on treatment in 3Q2014 in comparison to 2Q2014 (91%). SCT as a strategy for early case detection in hard-to-reach difficult terrain yields positive results in comparison to mere referral of PTBPs.

For the Greater Good?—A Critical Reflection on Assessing Indirect Economic Effects Caused by Large Transport Projects

Investing in large transport projects affects the (potential) economic development of metropolitan areas. Yet, very little critical research has been performed to understand how to assess these effects. The relationship between infrastructure investments and regional economic development is complex and indirect, and many theoretical and methodological difficulties remain. On the one hand, the assumption that investing in infrastructure is important to sustain economic growth is sometimes doubted. On the other hand, it is argued that investments in infrastructure enhance the accessibility of urban regions and that in the slipstream of such investments, social problems in urban regions can be tackled as well. Despite these contrasting views, there is at least a consensus that transport infrastructure development depends on economic development and vice versa. Yet, in many cases, the method of assessing economic impacts highly affects the results. Therefore, this paper focuses on a critical reflection of methods for estimating economic effects of infrastructure investments. A critical evaluation is made based on Indonesian and Japanese cases. After conducting in-depth desk research on both cases, we found that the broader effects on affected group of people tend to be overlooked due to the problems of time and space dimensions, the chain reaction of effects, and inappropriate data practices. The assessment on the appraisal processes tends to overlook the broader economic implication due to narrow focus and the concept of efficiency of economic theory.

Large Potential Exists in China's Oil & Gas Transportation System

As China in the decades ahead is to go through significant reorganization in the power sector and the petrochemical industry will see considerable growth,the transportation infrastructure for petroleum and gas should have a new shape. Implementing the largest infrastructure projects and creating on this basis a modern transportation network will not only see a new reincarnation of traditional industrial centers, but also open wider opportunities for regional development.

Simulations and Projections of Winter Sea Ice in the Barents Sea by CMIP6 Climate Models

Dramatic changes in the sea ice characteristics in the Barents Sea have potential consequences for the weather and climate systems of mid-latitude continents,Arctic ecosystems,and fisheries,as well as Arctic maritime navigation.Simulations and projections of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea based on the latest 41 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)are investigated in this study.Results show that most CMIP6 models overestimate winter sea ice in the Barents Sea and underestimate its decreasing trend.The discrepancy is mainly attributed to the simulation bias towards an overly weak ocean heat transport through the Barents Sea Opening and the underestimation of its increasing trend.The methods of observation-based model selection and emergent constraint were used to project future winter sea ice changes in the Barents Sea.Projections indicate that sea ice in the Barents Sea will continue to decline in a warming climate and that a winter ice-free Barents Sea will occur for the first time during 2042-2089 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585(SSP5-8.5).Even in the observation-based selected models,the sensitivity of winter sea ice in the Barents Sea to global warming is weaker than observed,indicating that a winter ice-free Barents Sea might occur earlier than projected by the CMIP6 simulations.

技术与制度协同演化与我国交通运输治理能力现代化——基于纵向案例研究

以国家高速公路联网不停车收费工程的演化变迁历程为纵向案例,基于技术与制度关系理论研究我国交通运输行业发展的底层逻辑和提升路径。研究发现:我国交通运输行业的深刻变革不是传统线性思维下技术或制度的单向决定论,而是在技术与制度的协同演化中推进我国交通运输治理能力现代化。即决策者能够基于已有的制度、组织、规则、经验及认知来建构技术发展的路径,而技术也使得制度的变迁成为可能,二者相互影响,互为选择。为进一步提升我国交通运输行业治理能力,既要发挥技术对组织调整和制度变革的潜力,又要强化制度对技术发展的选择、规范和引导作用,从而,在技术与制度的协同演化中加快交通强国建设步伐。

混凝土施工技术在路桥施工中的应用研究

随着经济社会的快速发展,人们的生活水平越来越高,各种产业蓬勃发展。混凝土技术是工程施工过程中的一项重要技术,在路桥工程中的应用对提高工程质量具有重要价值。因此,从研究混凝土施工技术的特点入手,分析混凝土施工技术在混凝土中的应用,并结合实际施工分析其控制难点,旨在促进混凝土施工技术的有效应用,切实提高路桥工程质量。

项目驱动与合作学习主导的交通类专业教学模式研究

如今,我国的教育事业正面临着全面的发展及改革,在教学过程中,必须强调培养学生的学科理论知识及专业应用能力,强调理论与实践相结合的教学目标,加大学生的学科思维培养力度,并让教学从“教师教,学生学”转变为“教学生如何学”。基于这一背景,项目驱动教学法与合作学习教学法取得了不错的成果。文章讨论了以项目驱动教学法和合作学习教学法主导的交通类专业教学模式,致力于创新教学方法,强调培养高素质、专业化的应用型人才,以便为国家的建设及发展贡献力量。

风电场道路加宽设计的运动学理论模型

针对现有风电场道路加宽设计取值较大且有时不满足运输需求的问题,该文以理论力学中的刚体运动学原理为基础,利用速度投影定理,结合设计速度、圆曲线半径、路线转角值等因素,构建风电场道路加宽设计理论模型;基于该模型,结合风电场常用运输车辆参数,定量分析圆曲线半径、转角值、车辆尺寸对加宽值的影响;并与现行技术标准中的加宽参数进行对比分析,结果表明基于运动学理论加宽设计模型能有效减小道路加宽值。该文研究成果旨在为风电场道路及具有类似特殊运输需求的道路设计提供理论依据。

Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models

The Pacific subtropical cells(STCs)are shallow meridional overturning circulations connecting the tropics and subtropics,and are assumed to be an important driver of the tropical Pacific decadal variability.The variability of STCs under global warming is investigated using multimodal outputs from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project(CMIP6)and ocean reanalysis products.Firstly,the volume transport diagnostic analysis is employed to evaluate how coupled models and ocean reanalysis products reproduce interior STC transport.The variation of heat transport by the interior STC under the high-emissions warming scenarios is also analyzed.The results show that the multimodal-mean linear trends of the interior STC transport along 9°S and 9°N are-0.02 Sv/a and 0.04 Sv/a under global warming,respectively,which is mainly due to the combined effect of the strengthened upper oceanic stratification and the weakening of wind field.There is a compensation relationship between the interior STC and the western boundary transport in the future climate,and the compensation relationship of 9°S is more significant than that of 9°N.In addition,compared with ocean reanalysis products,the coupled models tend to underestimate the variability of the interior STC transport convergence,and thus may lose some sea surface temperature(SST)driving force,which may be the reason for the low STC-SST correlation simulated by the model.The future scenario simulation shows that the heat transport of interior STC is weakened under global warming,with a general agreement across models.

苏通GIL综合管廊工程GIL管道专用运输机具研发

针对某特高压综合管廊过江输电项目,文中采用盾构管廊方式,管廊两侧分别设3相GIL输电管路,从江底穿长江主航道,两侧通过竖井和地面引接站与架空线路相连,在综合管廊路径长、走向复杂;内部作业空间受限,施工量大且工期紧的情况下,实现了采用过江管廊GIL的方式长距离输电。

基于实景三维的综合交通体项目管理应用研究

研究目的:针对综合交通体工程涉及行业专业众多、统筹管理难度大、工序转换与接口工程复杂、动态管理与调度要求高等实际问题,本文以雄忻高铁雄安地下段及相关工程为背景,研究实景三维语义库、多源多维时空数据融合、实景三维可视化和时空关联影像等技术,实现基于实景三维的工程建设立体化、数字化和一体化管理,提升跨行业项目综合管理效能。研究结论:(1)设计了实景三维的技术架构,构建了适应多行业统一管理的工程语义库,可为基于实景三维元素精细化管理和分析提供有效支撑;(2)建立了实景三维时空管理成果库和真实三维场景序列库,丰富了管理场景表达维度,有助于加强现场管理;(3)依托综合交通枢纽工程开展应用实践,可在跨行业统筹调度和项目风险管控等方面发挥重要作用;(4)本研究成果可为跨行业工程项目管理提供借鉴和参考。

某露天煤矿钢波纹管涵应用可行性研究

为解决某露天煤矿剥离运输系统与运煤运输系统的交叉问题,以B立交工程位置为研究对象,选取适于该露天矿运输现状的立交工程方法,基于现场调研,以定量与定性结合方式确定了钢波纹管方案。为进一步提升露天矿的经济效益与开采效率,提出了3组钢波纹管方案,选取最适于该露天煤矿的钢波纹管优化方案。

基于资源约束的地铁运营施工任务调度研究

针对地铁运营施工资源有限、时间严格、任务繁重等特点,本文以地铁运营施工任务调度为研究对象,建立运营施工调度优化模型与算法。模型以任务优先级、施工人员和施工工区限制等为约束条件,以完工时间最小化、施工人员工作负荷均衡化为目标;设计一种联合线性规划与资源交叉(CPLEX-ROC)的混合求解算法;通过对某实际地铁运营线路展开案例研究,验证模型和算法的可行性与先进性。案例研究结果表明:相较于人工调度、遗传算法(GA)、教学优化算法(TLBO)方法,最大完工时间分别降低32.90%、15.11%和10.75%;施工人员工作负荷均衡指标相较GA、TLBO分别优化了15.44%和10.62%。计算结果验证了本模型能够提升地铁运营施工任务整体作业效率,同时实现施工人员工作负荷均衡。

新建包西—瓦日铁路联络线工程建设方案研究

研究目的:包西铁路、瓦日铁路作为我国“西煤东运、北煤南运”铁路通道体系中的骨干通道,是保障我国煤炭兜底的重要基础设施。但随着“三西”地区煤炭的不断开发,周边煤运通道存在包西铁路榆林至绥德段运力紧张、太中银铁路后方径路不畅,而瓦日铁路富余能力较多的问题,包西铁路至瓦日铁路联络线的建设有利于加强煤运干线通道互动协作、增加路网运输灵活性、提升路网整体效能、保障“三西”地区煤炭外运需求,意义重大。铁路项目建设方案的确定与功能定位、线路走向、运输任务承担、主要技术标准相互耦合,需进行统筹研究。研究结论:(1)在研究年度路网分工和运量预测的基础上,分析得出研究年度既有铁路不能满足区域煤炭外运需求,结合路网现状,提出考虑整合路网资源的利用既有铁路扩能方案,以及运营管理协调性相对好的新建铁路通道方案两大建设方案;(2)结合运输需求、既有线路标准和线路通过能力提出了两大建设方案的子方案,重点从工程投资、运输组织、运营管理等方面对各方案进行分析,综合分析后推荐投资节省、可充分利用既有路网资源、实现路网整体效益最大化的既有通道扩能方案,即近期沿既有红柠铁路增建二线、在建神瓦单线铁路变更为双线铁路;(3)研究思路和方法可为通道联络线工程建设提供参考和借鉴。

交通基础设施BIM全景展示平台应用

随着交通基础设施建设数量的逐渐增多和水平的不断提高,国内交通基础设施项目建设现代化、信息化、工业化的方向已成为未来的主旋律和行业转型升级的必然选择。为实现交通基础设施行业数字化应用的拓展和推广,基于对交通基础设施项目汇报和交流核心需求的详细分析,构建BIM全景展示平台,全方位展现项目方案特点及要点,增强对项目方案的理解,降低沟通成本;以实际项目为案例,全面系统说明BIM全景展示平台的应用及达到的效果。

包兰铁路银川至中卫段扩能改造必要性研究

银中铁路是京包兰铁路通道的重要组成部分,是通道内唯一的单线区段,已成为通道能力发挥的瓶颈。以现状全国客货运OD交流为基础,采用四阶段法、产销平衡法、增长率法对银中铁路客货运量进行预测,同时从响应政策、完善路网、拉动经济、助力产业发展、巩固脱贫攻坚等角度分析其扩能改造的必要性,为项目决策、实施提供支撑。

交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制实践现状及完善路径

“揭榜挂帅”制是我国现有科技体制改革的重要部分,其在交通运输行业科技创新实践中处于探索阶段,对实践情况进行总结并提出完善路径具有重要实践价值。通过分析交通科技项目特点,以及交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制实践情况,研究交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制组织实施特征及存在的问题。研究发现,交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制项目主要分为政府主导、政府引导、企业组织三大类;存在经验不足、行业引导待强化、企业活力需激发、部分制度含糊缺失、实施细节不够明确等主要实践困境。对此,建议多维度拓展立项渠道,厘清思路加强行业引导,多方面破除惯性提升企业活力,完善资金、容错、奖惩制度并细化操作规程,以保障制度优势发挥。

交通基础设施援建对非洲国家经济增长的影响研究

本文利用非洲17个国家2010—2019年数据,采用多时点双重差分方法,实证研究中国对非洲援建的6条铁路通车运营对非洲国家经济增长的影响。结果表明,中国在非洲援建铁路的开通运营能显著促进非洲国家经济增长,这一结论在进行了稳健性检验后依然成立。据此,中国应继续拓宽与非洲在基础设施建设领域的合作,推动中国铁路标准立足非洲,并考虑外部挑战,让中国工程走向世界。