A preliminary study on food consumption, preference and day-night predatory difference of Asterias amurensis on Scapharca broughtonii

In order to study the food consumption, preference and day-night predatorydifference of Asterias amurensis on Scapharca broughtonii, the experiments werecarried out at the temperatures ranging from 16 ℃ to 20 ℃, salinity of 28.2 ± 2.1,dissolved oxygen of 7.5±0.7 mg/L and pH of 8.0 ± 0.3.The results provided basic datafor promoting steady and healthy development of the multiplication and cultivation of S.broughtonii. The results of food consumption suggested that the food intake of starfishincreased with the density of S. broughtonii at all conditions. The food consumption ofstarfish in different sizes on S. broughtonii in the same size had no significant difference(p>0.05), but it was significantly different among S. broughtonii in different sizes. Thestarfish had the highest feeding rate on the smallest S. broughtonii. Our findings alsoverified the positive relation between the weight of food intake of starfish in differentsizes on the density and size of S. broughtonii. The feeding rhythm of starfish onS. broughtonii in different sizes showed a certain day-night difference, higher at nightthan in the day. The maximum food consumption occurred when the size of S.broughtonii became larger. The results showed that 30 ind/m2 was the suitable seabottom sowing density for S. broughtonii. Our data indicated that the ability to avoidpredators and rivals increased as the shell length rose. Based on prey selectivity,bivalves that have a lower commercial value may be used to clear away A. amurensis.

Research on Difference of Tourism Consumption Behavior of the Youth

The tourism consumption behavior of the young people has significant effect on the present social tourism consumption behavior. Intensifying the research on tourism consumption behavior of the youth group helps to explore the hot spot of tourism consumption, and designing specific marketing programs and taping into consumption potential is the key to market development. The research takes the university students in the youth group as an example to analyze the features and difference of tourism consumption behavior and observe tourism consumption marketing of the university students, for providing reference for the expansion of tourism market.

Constructal design of a rectangular porous fin considering minimization of maximum temperature difference and pumping power consumption

A heat dissipation model of a rectangular porous fin is established based on constructal theory. First, the constructal design of rectangular porous fin is conducted by selecting a complex function minimization, which composed of linear weighting sum of maximum temperature difference and pumping power consumption, as optimization objective. Effects of gap height, air inlet velocity, total porous fin volume and porosity on the optimal constructs are investigated, respectively. The findings show that the complex function can attain its double minimum at a value of 0.802 when the fin length and number are optimized, and the corresponding optimal fin length and number are 8.01 mm and 10, respectively. In comparison to original design, the complex function and maximum temperature difference after twice optimization are decreased by 19.80% and 66.31%, respectively.Second, the comprehensive performance of porous fin is improved by simultaneously optimizing the fin length and number. The artificial neural network is applied to predict the fin performances, which is used to conduct multi-objective optimization based on NSGA-II algorithm. Optimal structure of porous fin for multiple requirements is gained by LINMAP and TOPSIS decisionmaking strategies. The findings in this study can serve as theoretical guides for fin thermal designs of electronic devices.

The effect of different irrigation patterns on rice yield and water consumption

The ecological and physiological water require-ment of rice and rice yield was studied underthree irrigation patterns, which were A: moistirrigation, remains 70-90% of saturated soilwater content except 3-4 cm deep water layerin tillering stage in paddy; B: flood irrigation,remains 4-5 cm deep water layer except 80%relative water content in the late tillering stage

Energy-efficient Approach to Minimizing the Energy Consumption in An Extended Job-shop Scheduling Problem

The traditional production planning and scheduling problems consider performance indicators like time, cost and quality as optimization objectives in manufacturing processes. However, environmentally-friendly factors like energy consumption of production have not been completely taken into consideration. Against this background, this paper addresses an approach to modify a given schedule generated by a production plarming and scheduling system in a job shop floor, where machine tools can work at different cutting speeds. It can adjust the cutting speeds of the operations while keeping the original assignment and processing sequence of operations of each job fixed in order to obtain energy savings. First, the proposed approach, based on a mixed integer programming mathematical model, changes the total idle time of the given schedule to minimize energy consumption in the job shop floor while accepting the optimal solution of the scheduling objective, makespan. Then, a genetic-simulated annealing algorithm is used to explore the optimal solution due to the fact that the problem is strongly NP-hard. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is performed small- and large-size instances, respectively. The experimental results show that the approach can save 5%-10% of the average energy consumption while accepting the optimal solution of the makespan in small-size instances. In addition, the average maximum energy saving ratio can reach to 13%. And it can save approximately 1%-4% of the average energy consumption and approximately 2.4% of the average maximum energy while accepting the near-optimal solution of the makespan in large-size instances. The proposed research provides an interesting point to explore an energy-aware schedule optimization for a traditional production planning and scheduling problem.

Characteristics of oxygen consumption of coal at programmed temperatures

Oxygen consumption is an important index of coal oxidation.In order to explore the coal-oxygen reaction,we developed an experimental system of coal spontaneous combustion and tested oxygen consumption of differently ranked coals at programmed temperatures.The size of coal samples ranged from 0.18~0.42 mm and the system heat-rate was 0.8℃/min.The results show that, for high ranked coals,oxygen consumption rises with coal temperature as a piecewise non-linear process.The critical coal temperature is about 50℃.Below this temperature,oxygen consumption decreases with rising coal temperatures and reached a minimum at 50℃,approximately.Subsequently,it begins to increase and the rate of growth clearly increased with temperature.For low ranked coals,this characteristic is inconspicuous or even non-existent.The difference in oxygen consumption at the same temperatures varies for differently ranked coals.The results show the difference in oxygen consumption of the coals tested in our study reached 78.6%at 100℃.Based on the theory of coal-oxygen reaction,these phenomena were analyzed from the point of view of physical and chemical characteristics,as well as the appearance of the coal-oxygen complex.From theoretical analyses and our experiments,we conclude that the oxygen consumption at programmed temperatures reflects the oxidation ability of coals perfectly.

Use of venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to guide resuscitation therapy in septic shock

The mixed venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide(CO_2)tension difference[P(v-a) CO_2]is the difference between carbon dioxide tension(PCO_2) in mixed venous blood(sampled from a pulmonary artery catheter) and the PCO_2 in arterial blood.P(v-a) CO_2 depends on the cardiac output and the global CO_2 production,and on the complex relationship between PCO_2 and CO_2 content.Experimental and clinical studies support the evidence that P(v-a) CO_2 cannot serve as an indicator of tissue hypoxia,and should be regarded as an indicator of the adequacy of venous blood to wash out the total CO_2generated by the peripheral tissues.P(v-a) CO_2 can be replaced by the central venous-to-arterial CO_2 difference(△PCO_2),which is calculated from simultaneous sampling of central venous blood from a central vein catheter and arterial blood and,therefore,more easy to obtain at the bedside.Determining the △PCO_2 during the resuscitation of septic shock patients might be useful when deciding when to continue resuscitation despite a central venous oxygen saturation(SCVO_2) > 70%associated with elevated blood lactate levels.Because high blood lactate levels is not a discriminatory factor in determining the source of that stress,an increased △PCO_2(> 6 mmHg)could be used to identify patients who still remain inadequately resuscitated.Monitoring the △PCO_2 from the beginning of the reanimation of septic shock patients might be a valuable means to evaluate the adequacy of cardiac output in tissue perfusion and,thus,guiding the therapy.In this respect,it can aid to titrate inotropes to adjust oxygen delivery to CO_2 production,or to choose between hemoglobin correction or fluid/inotrope infusion in patients with a too low ScvO_2 related to metabolic demand.The combination of P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2 with oxygen-derived parameters through the calculation of the P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2/arteriovenous oxygen content difference ratio can detect the presence of global anaerobic metabolism.

Effects of long-term ethanol consumption on jejunal lipase and disaccharidase activities in male and female rats

AIM: To study the effect of long-term ethanol consumption on jejunal lipase and disaccharidase (sucrase, maltase,and lactase) activities in rats and its gender difference. METHODS: Age-matched male and female Wistar rats were fed control or ethanol-containing liquid diets for 12 wk following the Lieber-DeCarli model. According to both theplasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, 40 rats were divided into four groups as follows: male control group (MC), male ethanol group (ME), female control group (FC), and female ethanol group (FE).RESULTS: After ethanol feeding for 12 wk, the results revealed that plasma AST and ALT activities of group MEwere significantly increased by 58% and 92%, respectively,than those of group MC (P＜0.05). Similarly, plasma AST and ALT activities of group FE were also significantly increased by 61% and 188%, respectively, than those of group FC (P＜0.05). Fat accumulation was observed in both ethanol treated groups, while fatty changes were more severe in group FE than those in group ME. The induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was obviously seen in group ME and group FE, but was not detected in group MC and group FC. Jejunal lipase activity of group ME was significantly increased by 1.25-fold than that of group MC (P＜0.05). In contrast to, sucrase, maltase, and lactase activities of group ME were significantly decreased by 63%, 62% and 67%, respectively, than those of group MC (P＜0.05). Similarly, activities of these three enzymes of group FE were also significantly decreased by 43%, 46% and 52%, respectively, than those of group FC (P＜0.05).There were no significant epithelial changes of the duodenal mucosa in any group.CONCLUSION: Long-term ethanol consumption significantly can increase jejunal lipase and decrease jejunal disaccharidase activities in both male and female rats.

Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Consumption for Cylinder Efficiency of A 1 000 MW Steam Turbine Unit

以东汽1000MW汽轮机为研究对象，采用汽轮机组定功率变工况计算方法，对汽轮机各汽缸效率在THA、70％THA、50％THA、40％THA滑压工况进行敏度分析，得到相应工况下各汽缸效率变化对汽轮机热耗率和机组发、供电煤耗率的影响规律。分析表明，缸效率的能耗敏度随缸效率变化基本呈线性关系；低压缸效率的能耗敏度最大，高压缸效率次之，中压缸效率较小；随机组负荷降低，高压缸效率的能耗敏度增加，中、低压缸效率的能耗敏度变化较小。在THA工况下低压缸效率下降1％，供电煤耗敏度绝对值增加1．246g／（kW·h），相对值升高0．433％；高压缸效率下降1％，供电煤耗敏度的绝对值增加0．44g／（kW．h），相对值升高0．154％；中压缸效率下降1％，供电煤耗敏度的绝对值增加0．352g／（kW．h），相对值升高0．122％。分析结果可对同类型机组进行节能诊断，进而指导机组的优化运行。

Design of transit-time difference ultrasonic heat meter based on TDC-GP21

According to the transit-time difference measurement method,we proposed a design scheme of ultrasonic heat meter based on TDC-GP21.The measurement unit TDC-GP21 mainly completes transit-time measurement and inlet,outlet temperature measurement functions.Control unit and data processing unit based on MSP430F4152 of TI corporation complete functions including peripherals control,data analysis,temperature compensation algorithm,flow pattern compensation algorithm and low power consumption control.The design meets the Town Construction Professional Standard CJ 128-2007,and furthermore,some performances can be improved.

Internal Spatial Differences in a Large Country: Consumer Price and Inequalities

Unbalanced price changes across regions cause consumption inequalities within a large country.With consumer demand system model,this paper estimated the dynamic changes of the true-cost-of-living index(TCLI)and consumption inequalities in China.Results indicate urban households experienced a rising TCLI from 2002 to 2014,among which,Liaoning increased the most and Guangdong the least.Beijing’s TCLI was the highest and Sichuan the lowest over the same period.Since 2008,the unbalanced rise of consumer price has gradually diminished,and gaps between real and nominal consumption inequalities have narrowed.However,real consumption inequalities continue to rise,and low-income groups are affected the most by inflation.

An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Financial Literacy on Family Cultural Consumption - Based on the Data from CFPS

Based on the data from Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study uses the Tobit model to empirically analyze the influence of financial literacy on family cultural consumption.This study found that the average financial literacy level of Chinese residents is still relatively low.The improvement of their financial literacy would help enhance the household cultural consumption expenditure.From this study,it is recommended that there should be an improvement in the cultural consumption of Chinese families and their quality of life by targeting financial education,raising the income level of residents,and stimulating the residents’cultural consumption willingness.

应对“两个温差”调整新周期消费政策的思考

2023年中国进入消费全面恢复的一年,大多数消费指标超过了2019年,中国经济进入新的消费经济周期,消费进入常态化阶段。但当前我们正面临“两个温差”:一是宏观经济形势“温和”,但有些人感到“偏寒”;二是全国消费“回暖”,但有些人仍感到消费“偏冷”。为此,应加大对经济形势和消费形势的科学和客观宣传,应坚持“消费对经济发展的基础性作用”政策思路,将政府在疫情期间刺激经济和消费的政策回归为常态化的经济政策,从而保持我国经济和消费的可持续发展。

低功耗硅基OLED微显示器的区域梯度调光策略

针对近眼显示设备存在显示功耗较大的问题,通过研究人眼视觉的特性提出一种人眼凝视点自适应的区域梯度调光算法。首先进行中心凹-亮度掩蔽实验以获取人眼的恰可觉差(Just Noticeable Difference,JND),并在此基础上改进了传统人眼凝视点的几何光路模型,得到更符合人眼自适应特性的几何光路模型,引入最大视角判别法有效提高了视角计算效率。随后,对图像进行预处理时采用改进的对比度增强算法,以在保持图像平均显示亮度基本不变的情况下增强显示效果。根据实验得到的JND阈值和凝视点信息,对图像实施了区域和全局功耗限制,从而在降低功耗的同时保持了视觉主观感受。在FPGA硬件平台上完成了算法的验证。实验结果表明,该算法在柯达标准测试集下使硅基有机发光二极管(Organic Light Emitting Diode,OLED)微显示器的显示功耗降低23.05%,基本满足硅基OLED微显示器的低功耗显示的要求,可为其性能提升提供指导。

不同体质量虫纹鳕鲈对耗氧率、窒息点及排氨率的影响

开展了不同体质量虫纹鳕鲈对耗氧率、窒息点及排氨率的影响试验。采用密闭流水式呼吸试验法,测定了4种不同体质量[A组(100.3±5.8)g、B组(205.1±12.1)g、C组(298.5±17.2)g、D组(405.9±15.6)g]虫纹鳕鲈的耗氧率、窒息点及排氨率。结果表明,虫纹鳕鲈的耗氧率及排氨率,随其体质量的增加而降低;耗氧率日波动较大,每日的06:00—08:00与16:00—18:00处于高水平;窒息点随体质量的增加升高,且A组与D组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。提出,在实际生产中,可根据虫纹鳕鲈不同养殖阶段耗氧率、养殖密度及生物滤池总体耗氧率,测算液氧加入量,提高液氧利用率和循环水的养殖容量,增加养殖效益。

淮北平原干旱胁迫对夏大豆土壤耗水量及产量的影响

为探究不同干旱水平在各生育期对夏大豆在砂姜黑土与黄潮土中的影响及差异,基于2022年五道沟实验站桶栽受旱试验,在夏大豆分枝期、花荚期、鼓粒成熟期通过水分控制,设置轻旱、中旱、重旱3个干旱水平与全生育期无旱对照(CK),分析各生育期不同干旱水平胁迫对夏大豆在两种土壤中耗水量、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)的影响及差异。结果表明:(1)两种土壤中夏大豆各生育阶段随干旱加重耗水量呈减小趋势,重旱减小最显著;砂姜黑土中耗水量各受旱组小于对照组,黄潮土除分枝期轻旱外耗水量均低于对照组,且耗水量减少水平除鼓粒成熟期轻旱均小于砂姜黑土。(2)两种土壤重旱对产量影响最强烈,鼓粒成熟期重旱减产最严重;黄潮土花荚期不同受旱水平减产率均低于砂姜黑土,分枝期各受旱组砂姜黑土减产率低于黄潮土。(3)两种土壤花荚期、鼓粒成熟期WUE随干旱程度加剧呈明显递减趋势,重旱影响下WUE减小明显,鼓粒成熟期重旱对WUE影响最严重;受旱减产水平在不同生育阶段存在差异,使得花荚期黄潮土各处理组WUE均高于砂姜黑土,分枝期黄潮土WUE均低于砂姜黑土。

氯化锌浸渍处理对樟子松热处理材尺寸稳定性和处理能耗的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究弱酸性氯化锌溶液浸渍对热处理材的尺寸稳定性以及处理能耗的影响。【方法】采用质量分数5%的氯化锌溶液浸渍樟子松试样,并进行不同温度的热处理,通过试样吸湿后的尺寸和质量变化分析,评价浸渍–热处理樟子松试样的尺寸稳定性和吸湿性,并结合红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析以及能耗计算,阐明浸渍–热处理对试样尺寸稳定性的影响机制和能量消耗情况。【结果】氯化锌浸渍–热处理组的性能提升效果比热处理组更明显;随着热处理温度的升高,木材的吸湿性降低,尺寸稳定性提高,热处理组和浸渍–热处理组的体积湿胀率分别从3.5%、3.4%下降到2.6%、2.1%;两种处理方式下的处理材红外吸收光谱图中均没有产生新的官能团特征峰,但羟基数量均随着温度升高而明显降低;处理材的相对结晶度呈上升趋势,热处理组和浸渍–热处理组分别由36.05%、38.77%提升到48.51%、53.04%;浸渍–热处理组试材在160℃达到的处理效果比仅进行180℃热处理达到的处理效果更好,同时因为前者的处理温度更低,所以能够减少处理过程中的能耗,在所研究的温度范围内最高可减少10%的能耗。【结论】相比樟子松热处理改性,氯化锌浸渍–热处理联合改性可以通过更低的热处理温度使樟子松达到相同的尺寸稳定性,有助于热处理工序的节能减排,对于力学性能方面的影响则需要进一步深入研究。

考虑高平峰差异的城市轨道交通节能运行图优化研究

降低能耗是轨道交通绿色低碳、可持续发展的关键。基于“高峰快跑保运力、平峰慢跑降能耗”的思想,本文提出在高平峰时段设置差异化标尺的节能运行图优化方法。首先,根据区间运行时间与列车牵引能耗负相关关系,结合客运服务需求特征,以列车周转牵引能耗最小化为目标构建列车运行标尺优化模型;其次,针对差异化标尺导致的过渡时段列车服务不均匀问题,以列车到站间隔标准差最小化为目标构建列车运行线调整模型;最后,选取福州地铁1号线开展实证分析。结果表明:高平峰差异化标尺节能运行图能够在不改变运力供给、车底运用数量的前提下有效降低全日列车牵引能耗12.56%。所构建方法具有良好的应用价值和可操作性,能够为运营管理人员编制节能运行图提供方法支持。

创建文明城市对地方居民消费的影响机制研究

基于“全国文明城市”评选活动的准自然实验,依据2003—2021年282个地级市面板数据,运用多期DID、PSM-DID、安慰剂检验、反事实分析等方法,检验创建文明城市对地区居民消费的影响效应和作用机制。结果显示:创建文明城市扩大了地区常住人口规模、增大了人口密度、提升了地区消费总量、降低了地区人均消费水平,且在城市商业发展水平、区位特征、常住人口规模方面具有异质性。鉴于此,应多措并举,因城施策,优化评选体系与复查机制,提升城市治理水平,增强流动人口定居意愿,促进创建文明城市对地区经济社会发展的长期效应。

新型消费与绿色经济效率--基于国家信息消费试点的证据

扩大内需和提升绿色经济效率是未来中国实现经济高质量发展的必然选择。以2009—2021年269个地级市面板数据构建交叠双重差分模型,通过国家信息消费试点政策考察新型消费对绿色经济效率的影响。研究发现,新型消费能显著提升绿色经济效率,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析发现,在东部地区以及规模较大、高经济基础、高信息基础设施、低收入差距城市中,新型消费对绿色经济效率的促进效果更优。传导机制分析发现,新型消费通过驱动产业结构升级、促进绿色创新、吸引外资流入和推动居民生活方式向线上转型来提升绿色经济效率。调节效应分析发现,新型消费对绿色经济效率的积极影响会受到人力资本与金融发展的正向调节作用,同时也会受到要素市场扭曲的负向调节作用。拓展性分析发现,新型消费对邻近城市的绿色经济效率产生“虹吸效应”。为此,应重视高质量人才培养,优化金融体系建设,缓解要素市场扭曲行为,以充分释放新型消费对绿色经济效率的提升作用,并总结政策试点经验,避免“虹吸效应”的产生。