The Study of “Imitation” Aesthetics in Ancient Painting Theory-Taking the Chinese and Western Sources as an Example

The theory of“imitation”in painting occupies a leading position in western art,which originated from the theory of“imitation”in ancient Greece,and has become one of the art theories affecting the world through the continuous development of later generations.Through the exploration of the source of“imitation”in China and the West,there are some comments on the meaning of“imitation”in Chinese classical painting theory,such as“transfer model writing”and“image form”,which is obvious differences from the west.Traditional Chinese painting is a combination of careful observation of natural things and subjective emotions to express their own aesthetic feelings,and ultimately form a vivid artistic conception.Modern imitation is borrowed from Western imitation.In fact,imitation in traditional painting has its own meaning,which contains Chinese aesthetic thought.“Imitation”aesthetics is unique in traditional Chinese painting and is the most important form of painting art.

Dynamic business process modeling and verification for inter-organizational collaboration

To achieve an on-demand and dynamic composition model of inter-organizational business processes, a new approach for business process modeling and verification is introduced by using the pi-calculus theory. A new business process model which is multi-role, multi-dimensional, integrated and dynamic is proposed relying on inter-organizational collaboration. Compatible with the traditional linear sequence model, the new model is an M x N multi-dimensional mesh, and provides horizontal and vertical formal descriptions for the collaboration business process model. Finally, the pi-calculus theory is utilized to verify the deadlocks, livelocks and synchronization of the example models. The result shows that the proposed approach is efficient and applicable in inter-organizational business process modeling.

Math Imitation of the Texture of Particle Cluster Emitted from Diesel Engine

Aim The particle texture from diesel engine was imitated by use of computer. Methods The theory of fractal geometry and the diffusion limited aggregation model were used to simulate the micron texture. Results The fractal dimensions of granule distribution and corpuscle superficial area are quite conformed with those of measurement. Conclusion The texture parameters of engine particle cluster can be obtained precisely by use of fractal theory.

UG in Imitation

UG and imitation are two parallel hypotheses trying to answer how childrens language acquisition is realized. Imitation fails to explain how children acquire language; however, it helps a lot in childrens language acquisition.

Evolutionary game dynamics of combining the Moran and imitation processes

One of the assumptions of previous research in evolutionary game dynamics is that individuals use only one rule to update their strategy. In reality, an individual's strategy update rules may change with the environment, and it is possible for an individual to use two or more rules to update their strategy. We consider the case where an individual updates strategies based on the Moran and imitation processes, and establish mixed stochastic evolutionary game dynamics by combining both processes. Our aim is to study how individuals change strategies based on two update rules and how this affects evolutionary game dynamics. We obtain an analytic expression and properties of the fixation probability and fixation times(the unconditional fixation time or conditional average fixation time) associated with our proposed process. We find unexpected results. The fixation probability within the proposed model is independent of the probabilities that the individual adopts the imitation rule update strategy. This implies that the fixation probability within the proposed model is equal to that from the Moran and imitation processes. The one-third rule holds in the proposed mixed model. However, under weak selection, the fixation times are different from those of the Moran and imitation processes because it is connected with the probability that individuals adopt an imitation update rule. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the relationships between fixation times and the probability that an individual adopts the imitation update rule, as well as between fixation times and selection intensity. From the simulated analysis, we find that the fixation time for a mixed process is greater than that of the Moran process, but is less than that of the imitation process. Moreover, the fixation times for a cooperator in the proposed process increase as the probability of adopting an imitation update increases; however, the relationship becomes more complex than a linear relationship.

Deep Imitation Learning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

Providing autonomous systems with an effective quantity and quality of information from a desired task is challenging. In particular, autonomous vehicles, must have a reliable vision of their workspace to robustly accomplish driving functions. Speaking of machine vision, deep learning techniques, and specifically convolutional neural networks, have been proven to be the state of the art technology in the field. As these networks typically involve millions of parameters and elements, designing an optimal architecture for deep learning structures is a difficult task which is globally under investigation by researchers. This study experimentally evaluates the impact of three major architectural properties of convolutional networks, including the number of layers, filters, and filter size on their performance. In this study, several models with different properties are developed,equally trained, and then applied to an autonomous car in a realistic simulation environment. A new ensemble approach is also proposed to calculate and update weights for the models regarding their mean squared error values. Based on design properties,performance results are reported and compared for further investigations. Surprisingly, the number of filters itself does not largely affect the performance efficiency. As a result, proper allocation of filters with different kernel sizes through the layers introduces a considerable improvement in the performance.Achievements of this study will provide the researchers with a clear clue and direction in designing optimal network architectures for deep learning purposes.

Target-driven visual navigation in indoor scenes using reinforcement learning and imitation learning

Here,the challenges of sample efficiency and navigation performance in deep rein-forcement learning for visual navigation are focused and a deep imitation reinforcement learning approach is proposed.Our contributions are mainly three folds:first,a frame-work combining imitation learning with deep reinforcement learning is presented,which enables a robot to learn a stable navigation policy faster in the target-driven navigation task.Second,the surrounding images is taken as the observation instead of sequential images,which can improve the navigation performance for more information.Moreover,a simple yet efficient template matching method is adopted to determine the stop action,making the system more practical.Simulation experiments in the AI-THOR environment show that the proposed approach outperforms previous end-to-end deep reinforcement learning approaches,which demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

NOMA-Based Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling in Vehicular Edge Computing Networks: A Self-Imitation Learning-Based Approach

Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is promising to alleviate the computation and storage burdens for terminals in wireless networks.The huge energy consumption of MEC servers challenges the establishment of smart cities and their service time powered by rechargeable batteries.In addition,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA)technique cannot utilize limited spectrum resources fully and efficiently.Therefore,Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)-based energy-efficient task scheduling among MEC servers for delay-constraint mobile applications is important,especially in highly-dynamic vehicular edge computing networks.The various movement patterns of vehicles lead to unbalanced offloading requirements and different load pressure for MEC servers.Self-Imitation Learning(SIL)-based Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)has emerged as a promising machine learning technique to break through obstacles in various research fields,especially in time-varying networks.In this paper,we first introduce related MEC technologies in vehicular networks.Then,we propose an energy-efficient approach for task scheduling in vehicular edge computing networks based on DRL,with the purpose of both guaranteeing the task latency requirement for multiple users and minimizing total energy consumption of MEC servers.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods.

Creative Imitation: An Answer to the Fundamental Issue of L2 Learning

This paper reports on a study on the effects of reading-writing integrated tasks on vocabulary learning and explored the differential roles of creative construction and non-creative construction in promoting lexical learning. Participants were 90 first-year English majors, randomly assigned to two experimental groups(continuation and retelling) and one control group, with 30 students in each group. Results showed that the continuation group generated a substantial amount of creative construction and produced significantly more instances of creative imitation than the retelling group. The continuation group outperformed the retelling group for both receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge gain and retention, but differences were only significant in terms of productive vocabulary retention. Finally, productive vocabulary knowledge retention among the continuation group was significantly and positively correlated with creative imitation(meaning creation coupled with language imitation), but not with linguistic alignment per se. As productive vocabulary knowledge constitutes the learner ’s ability to use lexical knowledge to express ideas in dynamic contexts, the findings afforded evidence that creative imitation could be the answer to the fundamental issue of L2 learning(i.e., mapping static language onto dynamic idea expression). The pedagogical implications as well as future research directions are also discussed.

Overview on Environmental Comprehensive Management System Established in Imitation of Biome

Environmental comprehensive management system, called “the bionic community”, can be established in imitation of biome, which can transform the wastes generated in a certain field into the raw materials of other field. The establishment of the bionic community includes two aspects, i.e., the matching technique and the management system. The main matching technique is the preparation of composite materials made of various wastes. This new kind of material can be divided into four types: polymer matrix, silicate matrix, metal matrix and carbon matrix(or ceramic matrix). The environmental comprehensive management system is formed by organizing a trans-trades joint-management business entity with the products of composite material made of wastes at the core.

Human Skeleton Detection, Modeling and Gesture Imitation Learning for a Social Purpose

Gesture recognition is topical in computer science and aims at interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. Among the numerous applications are physical rehabilitation and imitation games. In this work, we suggest performing human gesture recognition within the context of a serious imitation game, which would aim at improving social interactions with teenagers with autism spectrum disorders. We use an artificial intelligence algorithm to detect the skeleton of the participant, then model the human pose space and describe an imitation learning method using a Gaussian Mixture Model in the Riemannian manifold.

Original or Western Imitation： The Case of Arab Theatre

When discussing the roots of Arab theatre, we find ourselves confronting two main streams of thought. The first one, represented by prominent Arab writers like Najib Mahfuz, Abbas A1-Aqqad, M. Badawi, and other critics, rejects the theory that an Arab theatre existed before the mid-19th century. The second stream, represented by prominent scholars like Ali A1-Rai, Ibrahim Hamada and S. Moreh, see modern Arab theatre as part of a continuum, emphasizing of some elements of dramatic manifestations in Arab literary heritage. This paper intends to examine these two streams, their evidences and arguments. Such examination will shed some light on the origin of Arab theatre as a literary genre, and how it was influenced, if any, by Western theatrical heritage. Thus, answering the main question of this paper, whether Arab theatre is original or simply a Western imitation.

Imitation for Creation＇s Sake：Parody as a Technique in Learning Advanced English

This paper describes parody as an effective teaching and learning practice in Advanced English course offered to English major juniors and seniors. The objective of this course is to help heighten students towards a more advanced level of English proficiency, and its main preoccupation is doing intensive analyses of carefully selected texts which amount to well-established classics and are characterized with linguistic complexity. To enhance students＇ learning, we embed in the course a practice of parody, which here refers to the creation of an imitative work of an original written work, usually with an attendant comic effect. Upon the completion of each module, students are assigned the task of parodying part of the text, which involves recasting its overall content while retaining formal framework, thus offering students a means of re-paying homage to the excellence of the text. Writing a parody demands great artistry in shaping a creatively simulative work, in fitting exotic content into a local form, and in transplanting new experiential logic into old textual order. The parodies are then peer-reviewed as well as instructor-reviewed. Close observation and survey show that the students have displayed heightened motivation in engaging themselves in the practice and they have benefited greatly from it. Parody proves a particularly fruitful technique in teaching and learning Advanced English, and may also be useful in teaching English writing, since it entitles students to a very unique mode of savoring and wielding the artistic power of the English language.

Effect of Management Maturity Levels on Inter-organizational Management in Value Chain Relations

This paper explains the current state of management control problems in inter-organizational relationships. There is a growing consensus that having cooperative relations with other organizations, building strategic supply chain relations, and establishing appropriate subsidiary-parent company relations are major components of a competitive strategy to increase organizational productivity and profitability. In this regard, we present samples collected from 60 Japanese companies, and provide a case study on the use of inter-organizational management control systems （MCSs） by a large Japanese manufacturing company. The findings show how a company can design its organizational structure in order to realize its strategies and achieve its goals. Further, the case study shows the importance of management control factors that are associated with activities in inter-organizational value chain relations. In particular, high management maturity in information management, cultural management, and structural management are identified as key factors for the integration of strategy with sustainable inter-organizational management.

Imitation and Distortion---The Comparison between Three Types of Translation of John Dryden and Translation Theory of Mao dun

During the translation theoretically developments, the discussion on the standards of translation have never been stopped in term of different times, different countries, by different scholars and translators. Some theories share the same or similar superficies and theoretical representation, but they are totally different at a deeper level. However, without restricting from language and culture, time and space, they are interlinked inside. It is interrogative to produce a consolidation with subtle differences of theories. This paper introduces and analyzes the ＇imitation＇ and ＇distortion＇ on the bases of the Three Types of Translation of John Dryden and Translation Theory of Mao dun; by comparing their theory to provide references to the further translation study.

Study of the soybean imitation cheese

The imitation cheese is the product with the cheese characteristics which can meet the specific requirements by using the non-milk-derived protein and fat or the full substitution of the milk protein and the milk fat.This paper introduces the production principles,processes and key control points of the imitation cheese with the soybean as main raw material,summarizes the researches and development of the soybean imitation cheese in recent years,and forecasts the market prospect of the soybean imitation cheese in China.

A Study of the Effect of Dictogloss-based Imitation Writing on Improving College Students' Writing Competence

As an output skill,English writing is regarded as an important means to examine students’integrated language skills.In order to resolve the problems in writing and improve college students’writing competence,this study tries to explore a new writing teaching method,dictogloss-based imitation writing,in hoping of its effectiveness to writing teaching for the teachers.The effectiveness and feasibility are based on whether it can improve college students’fluency,accuracy and complexity in compositions,and arouse students’interest in writing.

A Study of Borrowing,Imitation and Creation in English-Chinese Translation:A Case Study of Translating“The Root Cause of Poverty”

Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.

The Use of Imitation Models at Developing and Introducing Information-Control Systems

Imitation models for computing the environmental water pollution level depending on the intensity of pollution sources created by the author over the years are presented. For this purpose, an additive model of a non-stationary random process is considered. For the modeling of its components, models that consider only dilution and self-purification processes are proposed for waste water and three-dimensional turbulent diffusion equations for river waters, and multidimensional Gaussian Markov series are proposed for modeling the random component. The purpose, the capabilities and the peculiarities of such imitation models are discussed taking into account the peculiarities of the water objects. The modular principle of creating imitation models is proposed to facilitate their development and use.

Inter-Organizational Conflict (IOC) in Building Refurbishment Projects;an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach

Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational conflict(IOC)among organizations involved in projects.This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects.For this study,a fivepoint Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable.The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction firms and 733 architectural firms.The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia.Finally,one-hundred-seventy-nine(179)refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper.The finding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be conflict during the construction stage,conflict between the client and the consultant,task expectations,basic responsibilities,final duration,project’s goals,conflict between the client and the contractor,final cost,final quality,standards of behaviors,conflict between the contractor and the consultant,interference and conflict during the design stage.