Interaction between internal solitary waves and the seafloor in the deep sea

Internal solitary wave(ISW),as a typical marine dynamic process in the deep sea,widely exists in oceans and marginal seas worldwide.The interaction between ISW and the seafloor mainly occurs in the bottom boundary layer.For the seabed boundary layer of the deep sea,ISW is the most important dynamic process.This study analyzed the current status,hotspots,and frontiers of research on the interaction between ISW and the seafloor by CiteSpace.Focusing on the action of ISW on the seabed,such as transformation and reaction,a large amount of research work and results were systematically analyzed and summarized.On this basis,this study analyzed the wave–wave interaction and interaction between ISW and the bedform or slope of the seabed,which provided a new perspective for an in‐depth understanding of the interaction between ISW and the seafloor.Finally,the latest research results of the bottom boundary layer and marine engineering stability by ISW were introduced,and the unresolved problems in the current research work were summarized.This study provides a valuable reference for further research on the hazards of ISW to marine engineering geology.

Clinical competency:perceptions of nursing interns and clinical mentors

Objective:To assess the clinical competency of nursing interns and the perception of clinical nurse mentors toward student nurses'clinical competency.Methods:A study was carried out among 104 nursing interns and 26 clinical nurse mentors using the purposive sampling technique.A self-repor ted perception scale was used to collect the data.Results:In general,most nursing interns perceived themselves as clinically competent during the internship.The clinical nurse mentors too repor ted that the current internship is helping the nursing interns in becoming competent.Conclusions:Frequent clinical evaluation,buddy system,provision of stipends,good leadership,and coordination between the academic institute and hospital are repor ted as the critical motivating factors for improving the clinical competency of student interns.

Study on the tunnel shape and soil-lining interaction influencing the lining behavior under seismic loading

The response of tunnels subjected to seismic loading is a complex mechanism and depends not only on the seismic nature but also on tunnel structure and surrounding soil properties.The individual behavior of circular,rectangular,and sub-rectangular tunnels subjected to seismic loadings has already been studied in the literature.In the present research,two case scenarios of circular,rectangular tunnels and four sub-rectangular shaped tunnels,with similar cross-section areas,were adopted to perform a comprehensive numerical investigation.The purpose of the study was to determine the mechanical behavior of tunnels of different shapes,depending upon seismic conditions.Analyses were performed by considering the influence of soil-lining interaction,soil parameters,and lining thickness,as well as lining rigidity.Computations were performed for no-slip and full-slip conditions.The results indicate that the tunnel shape design is of great importance when regarding the mechanical behavior of the surrounding soil.This concerns no-slip as well as full-slip soil-lining interaction,especially when the lining is subjected to seismic loading.Moreover,it is shown that changes in incremental bending moments for circular,rectangular and sub-rectangular tunnels that depend upon the soil-lining interaction conditions differ significantly.

Online International Peer Interaction:An Exploration of Impacts on Comprehensive Competencies,Global Perspectives,and Cross-Cultural Communication Skills

With the increasing trend of globalization and the rapid advancement of information technology,online learning platforms such as Zoom are becoming increasingly influential in the field of education.The focus of this study was the online international peer interaction based on the Zoom platform,detailing how such interaction programs are conducted and exploring in depth the specific impacts of this interaction mode on students’comprehensive competencies,global perspectives,and cross-cultural communication skills.This research not only provides new practical references for online learning and international education but also offers new research perspectives and directions for educators and researchers.

Submarine Trenches and Wave-Wave Interactions Enhance the Sediment Resuspension Induced by Internal Solitary Waves

Internal solitary waves(ISWs)are nonlinear fluctuations in nature that could cause significant interactions between seawater and the seabed.ISWs have been proven to be an adequate cause of sediment resuspension in shallow and deep-sea environments.In the South China Sea,ISWs have the largest amplitude globally and directly interact with the seabed near the Dongsha slope in the northern South China Sea.We analyzed the water profile and high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data near the Dongsha slope and revealed that submarine trenches have a significant impact on the sediment resuspension by ISWs.Moreover,ISWs in the zone of the wave-wave interaction enhanced sediment mixing and resuspension.The concentration of the suspended particulate matter inside submarine trenches was significantly higher than that outside them.The concentration of the suspended particulate matter near the bottoms of trenches could be double that outside them and formed a vast bottom nepheloid layer.Trenches could increase the concentration of the suspended particulate matter in the entire water column,and a water column with a high concentration of the suspended particulate matter was formed above the trench.ISWs in the wave-wave interaction zone near Dongsha could induce twice the concentration of the bottom nepheloid layer than those in other areas.The sediment resuspension caused by ISWs is a widespread occurrence all around the world.The findings of this study can offer new insights into the influence of submarine trench and wave-wave interaction on sediment resuspension and help in geohazard assessment.

Observation of interactions between internal tides and near-inertial waves after typhoon passage in the northern South China Sea

During the observational period of our study, Typhoon Hagupit passed over the mooring site and induced strong near-inertial waves （NIWs）, which provided an opportunity to investigate the interactions between internal tides （ITs） and NIWs. Based on the mooring data, we compared the current spectra during the typhoon period and non-typhoon period in the northern South China Sea, and found that the high- frequency waves （fD1 and fD2） were evident during the former. Moreover, the observations of the current revealed that fD1 and fD2 occurred near the depth of strong vertical shear in the NlWs. In order to confirm the generation mechanism of fD1 and fD2, we compared the positions of strong vertical shear in the NIWs and strong vertical velocity in the ITs. It was established that the vertical shear of the horizontal current of the NIWs and the vertical current of the ITs contributed to the generation of fDt and fD2.

Translocation and transformation of engineered nanomaterials in plant cells and their effect on metabolism

As the climate worsens and the demand for food grows,so does the interest in nanoagriculture.The interaction between plants and nanomaterials(NMs)has been extensively and intensively examined.However,stopping at the outcome of a phenomenon is often insufficient.Therefore,we introduce three important processes of nanoparticleplant interactions:translocation,transformation,and plant metabolism.During the migration of nanoparticles,size and surface electrical properties are the main determining factors.Additionally,the interaction of nanoparticles with cell membranes is another key aspect of research.The transformation of nanoparticles in plants is mainly due to redox substances.The way that nanoparticles affect plant metabolism may be able to shed light on the interaction of nanoparticles with plants.This review adds to the existing knowledge on the design of nanoagrochemicals and summarizes the mechanism of interaction of NMs with plants.In this way,NMs can be used for their beneficial effects and thus contribute to the maintenance of food security and sustainable development.

Adaptive interaction driven by the learning effect in the spatial prisoner's dilemma

We propose a computing model in which individuals can automatically adjust their interaction intensity with their mentor according to the learning effect.This model is designed to investigate the cooperative dynamics of the spatial prisoner's dilemma.More specifically,when the cumulative payoff of a learner is more than his reference earning,he will strengthen his interaction with his mentor;otherwise,he will reduce it.The experimental results indicate that this mechanism can improve the emergence of cooperation in a networked population and that the driving coefficient of interaction intensity plays an important role in promoting cooperation.Interestingly,under a certain social dilemma condition,there exists a minimal driving coefficient that leads to optimal cooperation.This occurs due to a positive feedback effect between the individual's satisfaction frequency and the number of effective neighbors.Moreover,we find that the experimental results are in accord with theoretical predictions obtained from an extension of the classical pair-approximation method.Our conclusions obtained by considering relationships with mentors can provide a new perspective for future investigations into the dynamics of evolutionary games within structured populations.

INTERNAL WAVE EIGENMODES AND THEIR WEAK NONLINEAR RESONANT INTERACTION IN A NONLINEARLY STRATIFIED FLUID- A PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

A preliminary theoretical and experimental study was conducted on internal wave modes and their weak nonlinear resonant interaction in a nonlinearly stratified fluid . An asymptotical solution of the modes and a dispersion relation of internal waves in a stratified fluid with density profile similar to that in our experiment were obtained theoretically . The resonant-interaction mechanism to 2nd order approximation is also discussed . The resonant interaction of the 3rd and 4th mode internal waves excited by the unstable 1st mode wave is analyzed on the basis of data obtained by conductivity probes. The resonant-interaction condition, , is examined . It is shown that the resonant instability increases with pycnocline thickness and wave maker driving frequency .

SOLITARY WAVES IN STRATIFIED FLUIDS AND THEIR INTERACTION

A systematic procedure is proposed for obtaining solutions for soli- tary waves in stratified fluids. The stratification of the fluid is assumed to be expo- nential or linear. Its comparison with existing results for an exponentially stratified fluid shows agreement, and it is found that for the odd series of solutions the direc- tion of displacement of the streamlines from their asymptotic levels is reversed when the stratification is changed from exponential to linear. Finally the interaction of solitary waves is considered, and the Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Boussinesq equation are derived. Thus the known solutions of these equations can be rehed upon to provide the answers to the interaction problem.

Numerical Study of the Interaction between a Reinforced Concrete Pile and Soil

This paper proposes a numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of a reinforced concrete pile foundation under an axial load. In fact, the foundation of a structure represents the essential structural part of it, because it ensures its bearing capacity. Among the types of foundation, deep foundation is the one for which from a mechanical point of view, the justification takes into account the isolated or combined effects of base resistance offered by the soil bed and lateral friction at the soil-pile interface;the latter being the consequence of a large contact surface with the surrounding soil;hence the need to study the interaction between the soil and the pile in service, in order to highlight the characteristics of soil which influence the mechanical behavior of pile and therefore the stability of the structure. In this study, the reinforced concrete pile is supposed to be elastic, and characterized by a young’s modulus (E) and a Poisson’s ratio (ν). The soil obeys to a Camclay model characterized by a cohesion (c), an initial voids ratio (e0), shearing resistance angle (φ) and a pre-consolidation pressure (P0). A joint model with a Mohr Coulomb behavior characterizes the soil-pile interface. The loading is carrying out by imposing a vertical monotonic displacement at the head of pile. The results in terms of stress and displacement show that the bearing capacity of the pile is influenced by various soils characteristics, it appears that the vertical stress and the force mobilized at rupture increase when the initial pre_consolidation pressure, the cohesion and the internal friction angle of soil increase;and when the initial soil voids index decreases.

Nonlinear Analysis of Flexible and Steel Catenary Risers with Internal Flow and Seabed Interaction Effects

Flexible risers and steel catenary risers often provide unique riser solutions for today’s deepwater field development. Accurate analysis of these slender structures, in which there are high-speed HP/HT internal flows, is critical to ensure personnel and asset safety. In this study, a special global coordinate-based FEM rod model was adopted to identify and quantify the effects of internal flow and hydrostatic pressure on both flexible and deepwater steel catenary risers, with emphasis on the latter. By incorporating internal flow induced forces into the model, it was found that the internal flow contributes a new term to the effective tension expression. For flexible risers in shallow water, internal flow and hydrostatic pressure made virtually no change to effective tension by merely altering the riser wall tension. In deep water the internal pressure wielded a dominant role in governing the riser effective tension and furthering the static configuration, while the effect of inflow velocity was negligible. With respect to the riser seabed interaction, both the seabed support and friction effect were considered, with the former modeled by a nonlinear quadratic spring, allowing for a consistent derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The presented application examples show that the nonlinear quadratic spring is, when using the catenary solution as an initial static profile, an efficient way to model the quasi-Winkler-type elastic seabed foundation in this finite element scheme.

Working With Immigrant Children and Adolescents at Risk:Mentors’Use of the Elements Way

The study was designed to examine the effectiveness of mentors’work with immigrant children and adolescents at risk,using the Elements Way,an educational model designed to facilitate achievement of goals and transformation.The three central elements of the method are positive communication(speaking the language of love),acceptance,and connecting with one’s strength.This mixed-method study was conducted in 2012-2015,on a sample of 640 mentors working with 3,350 immigrantchildren in Israel.Improvement has been demonstrated in the personal,social,and emotional functioning of the children and youths,as well as in their academic achievement and especially language acquisition.Significant differences were found in the mentors’work with the children.

XIV International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants

The ＂XIV International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants＂ （14th ISINIP） will be held in Beijing, China, on 11-15 October 2008. It will be held together with the Annual Meeting of HarvestPlus-China. The joint symposium will provide opportunities to scientists from soil sciences, plant nutrition, plant breeding, animal and human nutrition around the world to communicate their new results and experiences in studying iron nutrition of plants, animal and human for a better understanding of the mechanisms of iron from soils, over plants to animals and human beings. The scientific topics of the symposium are as follows：

“红色经典”海外传播与国际社会对中国的认知

作为与当代社会发展结合紧密的文学艺术类型,“红色经典”的海外传播同国际社会对中国的认知有着内在的关联。“红色经典”在20世纪50—70年代集中传播到欧美和亚洲的一些国家,建构起关于“红色经典”的知识再生产;而国外知识界特别是美国和法国左翼知识分子对红色中国的认同与赞赏起到了消解彼时西方主流社会对中国负面宣传的作用,他们对毛泽东思想的热衷与“红色经典”所反映的中国革命和社会主义建设成就形成互文、互动及互鉴。新世纪以来,国外文学文化领域对我国“红色经典”改编的关注,同近年来国外经济政治领域渴望了解并热衷探讨当代中国成功发展经验的内在需求,形成某种隐在的呼应。

互动教学模式在内科护理培训中的应用

目的 探究互动教学模式在内科护理培训中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年7月-2022年2月在东台市中医院内科实习的40名护生作为对照组,实施传统护理带教模式。另以2022年7月-2023年2月在东台市中医院内科实习的40名护生作为观察组,实施互动教学模式。教学1个月后,比较2组护生教学前后的学习主动性、核心能力和教学后综合内科考试成绩。结果 教学后,观察组护生的学习主动性各维度分值及总分分别为(18.49±3.74)分、(16.99±2.82)分、(15.16±2.88)分、(15.85±2.94)分、(14.67±2.31)分、(81.16±14.25)分,核心能力各维度分值及总分分别为(28.72±5.27)分、(26.59±4.18)分、(26.06±4.76)分、(19.88±3.81)分、(29.63±5.76)分、(31.21±5.37)分、(22.46±3.13)分、(184.55±30.45)分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组理论成绩为(89.76±6.11)分,技能考核成绩为(92.43±6.25)分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 互动教学模式通过加强理论学习,激发护生主动学习的热情,使得护生能够在实际临床实践中更充分地运用所学的理论知识来指导操作,提升其在内科护理培训中学习主动性、核心能力、理论及技能成绩,应用效果明显。

3D及VR视频互动教学法在临床操作技能训练教学中的应用

选取2022年9月—2023年2月进入三峡大学附属仁和医院进行临床操作技能学习的64名学生,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组在正常教学的基础上再进行3D及VR视频互动学习,对照组采用传统的教学模式。结果表明,实验组的理论知识和实践操作技能成绩、运用综合知识能力成绩及教学满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。为此,3D及VR视频互动教学法应用于临床操作技能训练教学能取得良好的教学效果,可提升学生对知识的掌握及应用能力及对教学模式的满意度。

互动视野下的国际中文微课研究

基于国际中文线上教学互动分析框架,以《HSK标准教程(三级)》系列微课为研究对象,分析国际中文微课的课堂互动行为和辅助互动行为。研究发现,该课程互动框架思路清晰,非言语类互动设置得当;与此同时,思考时间的安排相对有限,个性化互动环节有待加强。由此尝试探索提升国际中文微课互动性的主要策略:将宏观模式与微观设计相结合,增强互动过程的直观性与情感性,增加个性化的人机交互。希望通过这一个案研究,能够加深对国际中文线上教学互动性的科学认识,切实提高国际中文线上教学实践的真实性、交际性、情境性。

国内国际双循环动态宏观经济研究——基于中国、美国、日本及欧盟的时变溢出及动态经济网络视角

厘清国内外的宏观经济运行特征,对于制定实施加快构建新发展格局政策措施具有重要意义。为此,本文采用TVP-VAR模型的广义方差分解刻画国内外宏观经济变量间的动态关联关系,并基于这一关系构建国内外宏观经济动态网络。研究结果表明,进出口及汇率能够较大程度对经济网络产生溢出,而M2、利率和贷款则主要受到其他宏观变量的影响。我国宏观经济变量受国际金融及贸易的影响程度较大,美国对我国的净溢出总体上最强。从国内大循环的动态经济网络视角看,现阶段网络内重要的经济变量逐渐演化为固定资产投资、工业增加值和出口。从国内国际双循环的动态经济网络视角看,2011年以前,网络内重要的变量主要为国外宏观经济变量;从2011年至2021年底,网络内重要的变量逐步演化为固定资产投资、消费和工业增加值等国内宏观经济变量。

ICARE互动教学法在头颈肿瘤内科护理教学中的应用效果分析

目的:分析ICARE(正直、同情、责任、尊重和卓越)互动教学法在头颈肿瘤内科护理教学中的应用价值。方法:选取2020年7月—2023年7月在广东省中医院芳村医院进行护理实习的76名护理实习生作为研究对象,根据教学方法不同将护理实习生分成ICARE组(n=38)和对照组(n=38)。两组护理实习生均由同一组带教老师教学,教学时间均为1个月。对照组采用传统教学法教学,ICARE组给予ICARE互动教学,比较两组的教学效果。结果:教学前,两组护理实习生的理论知识及实践能力得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学1个月后,两组护理实习生的理论知识及实践能力得分均高于教学前,ICARE组理论知识及实践能力得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学前,两组护理实习生的头颈肿瘤内科护理综合能力得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学1个月后,两组护理实习生的头颈肿瘤内科护理综合能力得分均高于教学前,ICARE组的头颈肿瘤内科护理综合能力得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学前,两组护理实习生各项评判性思维能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学1个月后,两组护理实习生各项评判性思维能力评分均高于教学前,ICARE组各项评判性思维能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学1个月后,ICARE护理实习生对教学的总满意度为97.37%,高于对照组的78.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ICARE互动教学法在头颈肿瘤内科护理教学中的应用能提高护理实习生的理论知识、实践能力,改善护理实习生的评判性思维能力与综合能力,也可提高护理实习生的满意度。