Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover Considering Ecosystem Services for a Dense-Population Watershed Based on a Hybrid Dual-Subject Agent and Cellular Automaton Modeling Approach

Land use/land cover represents the interactive and comprehensive influences between human activities and natural conditions,leading to potential conflicts among natural and human-related issues as well as among stakeholders.This study introduced economic standards for farmers.A hybrid approach(CA-ABM)of cellular automaton(CA)and an agent-based model(ABM)was developed to effectively deal with social and land-use synergic issues to examine human–environment interactions and projections of land-use conversions for a humid basin in south China.Natural attributes and socioeconomic data were used to analyze land use/land cover and its drivers of change.The major modules of the CA-ABM are initialization,migration,assets,land suitability,and land-use change decisions.Empirical estimates of the factors influencing the urban land-use conversion probability were captured using parameters based on a spatial logistic regression(SLR)model.Simultaneously,multicriteria evaluation(MCE)and Markov models were introduced to obtain empirical estimates of the factors affecting the probability of ecological land conversion.An agent-based CA-SLR-MCE-Markov(ABCSMM)land-use conversion model was proposed to explore the impacts of policies on land-use conversion.This model can reproduce observed land-use patterns and provide links for forest transition and urban expansion to land-use decisions and ecosystem services.The results demonstrated land-use simulations under multi-policy scenarios,revealing the usefulness of the model for normative research on land-use management.

Impacts of Transportation Arteries on Land Use Patterns in Urbanrural Fringe: A Comparative Gradient Analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China

Integrated transportation and land use studies are of major interest to planners because they consider the interaction between transportation development and land use change. Quantifying the impact of transport infrastructure on land use change is necessary for evaluating the role of transportation development in the process of land use and land cover change in the urban-rural fringe. Taking Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China as a typical urban-rural fringe area, this paper analyzes the patterns and charac- teristics of land use change along three major transportation arteries using land use data from 2000 and 2008. We examine the spatial differentiation and gradient of land use pattern around railway, expressway, and highway corridors to investigate whether land use change in the urban-rural fringe is related to distance from transportation arteries and to clarify the varying impacts of different forms of transport infrastructure on land use patterns. We find that construction land generally tends to be located close to major transportation arteries, and that railways have the most obvious influence on land use change in the urban-rural fringe, while the impact of expressways was not significant. We conclude that there exists a causal relationship between the presence of transportation arteries and land use change in the urban-rural fringe, but this relationship varies across different types of linear transnort infrastrncnlre.

An iterative approach to an integrated land use and transportation planning tool for small urban areas

There has been increasing interests in developing land use models for small urban areas for various planning applications such as air quality conformity analysis. The output of a land use model can serve as a major input to a transportation model; conversely, transportation model output can provide a critical input to a land use model. The connection between the two models can be achieved by an accessibility measure. This paper presents an iterative approach to solving a regression-based land use model and a transportation model with combined trip distribution- assignment. A case study using data from a small urban area is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling framework. Tests show that the procedures can converge, and the modeling framework can be a valuable tool for planners and decision-makers in evaluating land use policies and transportation investment strategies.

Changes in Land Use, Socioeconomic Indices, and the Transportation System in Gifu City and their Relevance during the Late 20th Century

History provides valuable lessons for the interplay of factors that shape urban growth and development. This study examines changes in land use, socioeconomic indices, and the transportation system of Gifu City during the late 20th century using geographical information system (GIS) methods. The data for the study were historical maps and the population census and economic statistics data from 1950 to 2000, when Japan was in a period of high economic growth. The discussion focuses on the master plan, road construction, land use, the spatial distribution of the population, and socioeconomic indices. It was possible to compare spatial distribution patterns over time using GIS. When policies were created that attached importance to construction of a road network due to the development of motorization and elimination of the city tram, the surrounding suburban area became the focus of land-use development. As a result, Gifu City is plagued by the doughnut phenomenon. It is important to identify the relationships among urban planning factors to provide for future urban and transportation planning.

The Impacts of Urban Land Use on Urban Transport System in High-Densely Developed City-a Case Study of Guangzhou

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of ruban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper totes to carry out some methods, such as muhi.analysis statistics method, to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly, the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated Finally, the impacts of urban mater planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated .

Grassland management intensity determines root development,soil structure,and their interrelationship:Results of a regional study of Leptosols in the Swabian Alps

Background:Soil structure is a key indicator of the functioning of soil processes in grasslands,which is influenced by site conditions and management.Methods:In this study,we investigated soil structure and its relationship with root growth in 31 Leptosols under different grassland management intensities using X-ray microcomputed tomography.A close relationship between land use intensity,soil structure,and root growth was observed.Results:Our results show that land use type affects root development and soil structure.Pastures had more developed roots and more structured soils than meadows and mown pastures.However,all pastures were unfertilized,while meadows and mown pastures had both fertilized and unfertilized plots.Although no significant differences were found in the unfertilized plots,sample size was limited.In particular,fertilization negatively affected root growth and soil structure,resulting in significant differences between fertilized and unfertilized grasslands.Mowing frequency also had an effect on soil physics,but to a much lesser extent than fertilization.Conclusions:Increased land use intensity,characterized by increased fertilization and more frequent mowing,reduces root growth and adversely affects soil structure.Therefore,X-ray microcomputed tomography is a suitable method to investigate the relationship between soil structure and roots in the soil.

Automated Autonomous Vehicles: Prospects and Impacts on Society

All automobile manufacturing companies, Google and Microsoft have announced recently their production of the Fully Automated Autonomous Vehicles (FAAVs), otherwise known as driverless cars. A few FAAVs would be available in the market as early as in 2018, but mostly in 2020’s. When FAAVs will be available to and become affordable by the average consumers, the implications to the society would be far reaching. The purpose of the paper is to examine the prospect of the popularity of FAAVs and their socio-economic implications to the future society of the World. The paper examines potential impacts on selected sectors of the society including changes in demand for automobiles, its impact on the use of oil, on the environment, and on urban land uses, to list a few.

Simulating multiple urban land use changes by integrating transportation accessibility and a vector-based cellular automata:a case study on city of Toronto

The accessibility provided by the transportation system plays an essential role in driving urban growth and urban functional land use changes.Conventional studies on land use simulation usually simplified the accessibility as proximities and adopted the grid-based simulation strategy,leading to the insufficiencies of characterizing spatial geometry of land parcels and simulating subtle land use changes among urban functional types.To overcome these limita-tions,an Accessibility-interacted Vector-based Cellular Automata(A-VCA)model was proposed for the better simulation of realistic land use change among different urban functional types.The accessibility at both local and zonal scales derived from actual travel time data was considered as a key driver of fine-scale urban land use changes and was integrated into the vector-based CA simulation process.The proposed A-VCA model was tested through the simulation of urban land use changes in the City of Toronto,Canada,during 2012-2016.A vector-based CA without considering the driving factor of accessibility(VCA)and a popular grid-based CA model(Future Land Use Simulation,FLUS)were also implemented for compar-isons.The simulation results reveal that the proposed A-VCA model is capable of simulating fine-scale urban land use changes with satisfactory accuracy and good morphological feature(kappa=0.907,figure of merit=0.283,and cumulative producer’s accuracy=72.83%±1.535%).The comparison also shows significant outperformance of the A-VCA model against the VCA and FLUS models,suggesting the effectiveness of the accessibility-interactive mechanism and vector-based simulation strategy.The proposed model provides new tools for a better simula-tion of fine-scale land use changes and can be used in assisting the formulation of urban and transportation planning.

空间可达性研究述评——基于土地利用和交通互动视角

近年来空间可达性研究成果数量呈快速递增趋势,鉴于该领域可达性概念内涵不断拓宽,研究问题类型不断丰富,有必要对其间的研究成果进行总结,使人们更清楚地认识现阶段该领域研究存在的问题以及今后的研究方向。论文从土地利用和交通互动视角对可达性研究进行述评,不但对可达性内涵提出更明确要求,而且指出可达性子课题研究的意义和子课题之间的相互关系。研究方法方面,以中外核心和社会科学引文索引(SSCI)期刊为载体,回顾2009一2018年这10年间可达性研究的总体进展,包括论文发表数量、刊物类型、研究技术方法、研究空间层面和对象等;在辨析可达性内涵基础上,回顾6大可达性相关主题下的热点问题,包括可达性与区位、社会经济属性、居住选址和房(地)价、交通行为、公共健康行为及公共政策评估等的互动关系问题。发现可达性研究领域未来仍然有大量的具体工作要做,其中最关键的3方面为:进一步探索可达性与体系内其他土地利用和交通要素的相互关系、继续优化可达性衡量方法,以及加强可达性作为规划政策分析工具的功能。

城市交通与土地利用互动机理研究

城市交通与土地利用之间存在着复杂的互动关系,研究二者的互动机理,对从根本上解决城市交通问题以及实现城市可持续发展具有重要的理论与现实意义。首先分析城市交通与土地利用的关系,指出二者之间存在相互依存、相互促进的互动关系;然后建立数学模型描述二者互动的方向及程度,从模型稳定性分析可以看出,当满足一定条件时,二者能够达到一种“互补共生”的稳定平衡状态;在此基础上,结合实例对模型进行仿真,验证了模型的稳定性条件;最后,基于二者的互动机理提出一些城市规划对策。

轨道车站地区用地与交通互动规划设计研究

为实现土地开发利用与交通规划互动反馈,提出了轨道交通车站地区土地利用与交通规划互动设计的两步骤分析方法:首先,依据土地利用指标确定轨道车站客流规模与分布;其次,根据轨道车站设施容量调整与优化土地利用规划。设计了基于TransCAD交通规划软件的实现流程,通过长沙大河西先导区洋湖垸片区控规优化与交通网络构建的互动深化过程,验证了互动规划模型的合理性和适应性.

广州城市交通系统与土地利用互动关系格局演化研究

利用有关政府部门资料和统计数据,分析1980～2000年广州城市交通系统与土地利用的演化特征,发现两者互动关系格局已经由上世纪80年代的人口高密度、土地利用高密度集中开发、高密度交通、公共交通与自行车交通相结合的'三高一结合'格局向90年代的高人口密度、土地利用高密度集中开发、高密度交通、公共交通与私人交通相结合的又一'三高一结合'格局演化.文中分析了新形势下广州城市交通系统与土地利用互动关系格局特征的发展,探讨了两者格局存在的矛盾及其协调措施.

LUTI模型原理、实现及应用综述

经济全球化背景下可持续发展已成为当今世界发展的主题。快速城镇化下的中国,城市空间的可持续性发展提上日程。为此,期待有力的、可操作的工具用于定量模拟城市空间演化过程、预测不同政策下城市空间的发展趋势,为城市化持续健康发展提供决策支持。本文分析了LUTI模型的基本原理、构建思路、实现框架和建立中国城市LUTI模型面临的问题,并回顾了国内外利用LUTI模型模拟城市空间演化过程,以辅助表明城市空间决策的研究现状,希望能为中国的城市空间可持续发展模拟分析研究提供参考。

陆面上总体输送系数的特征

利用气象铁塔的风、温梯度资料，对陆面上近地层湍流拖曳系数ＣＤ和总体输送系数ＣＨ（或ＣＥ）的大小和日变化规律进行研究。发现陆面上较粗糙的地表，ＣＤ和ＣＨ可以比海面上大一个量级左右。而且存在着明显的日变化。它们对地表面动力粗糙度变化的反应较敏感。本工作为气候及大气环流模式研究中陆面参数化过程提供了重要依据。

模拟降雨条件下施硝酸铵对黄土坡面氮素迁移的影响

利用室内模拟降雨试验,研究了在坡面施入硝酸铵对土壤矿质氮素随地表径流流失和入渗的影响,初步探讨了降雨-地表径流-土壤矿质氮素的有效作用深度(Effective Depth of Interaction,EDI),分别用反推法和拐点法确定了不施肥试验和施肥试验时的土壤矿质氮素EDI。结果表明:①与不施肥相比,施肥增加了土壤矿质氮素的地表流失量,施25,50和100 g NH4NO3处理矿质氮分别多流失了55.22,73.32和85.50 mg/m2;②施肥使土壤肥料的入渗量增加,但对肥料的入渗深度和土壤矿质氮素EDI影响很小;③同一坡面不同坡位NO3--N的EDI值不同,表现为坡中下部较大,坡顶部和坡底部均较小。避免在雨季大量表施速效氮肥,是减少矿质氮流失的关键。

交通规划与土地利用关系研究

充分认识交通规划与土地利用的关系是合理进行土地利用规划的基础。

轨道交通与城市协调互动发展探讨

目前我国正处在轨道交通的快速发展时期,如何促进轨道交通建设与城市协调互动发展成为现阶段亟需研究的重要课题。通过从城市交通系统与城市土地利用方式两者之间存在的相互联系、制约的循环关系入手,讨论了不同的交通系统决定了不同的城市空间拓展模式和城市土地利用方式,通过例举借鉴国外轨道交通建设与城市互动发展的有益实践,进一步提出对我国发展轨道交通与城市互动发展的几点思考,对我国轨道交通发展及城市建设具有一定的指导意义。

城市交通与土地利用的相互作用机制研究

通过分析城市交通与土地利用相互作用的关键因素,探讨二者之间的相互作用机制.认为特定的土地利用模式会导致某种相应的城市交通模式,而交通建设带来的可达性提高和外部性利益又引导着土地利用的方向;可达性、出行成本、地租等都是影响城市交通与土地利用相互作用的重要因素.同时,二者的协调发展还需要有相应的法律、法规及规划等外部因素来保障.

江苏滨海港区陆海统筹发展实现路径分析

港口建设带动临港产业发展实现沿海城市化,是陆海统筹发展有效实施途径。江苏盐城港滨海港区位于苏北废黄河口岸段,是一座有南北防波堤掩护的挖入式港口,航道可满足十万吨船舶不乘潮通航要求,为国家一类开放口岸。本文通过对滨海港区自然环境特征和社会经济发展分析,提出经济落后地区以项目带动港口的陆海统筹发展模式,探讨了动因和制约因素,提出完善港区基础设施联动建设、构建多式联运集疏运体系、港产互动发展和保护陆海生态环境等发展战略。

城市土地利用与交通相互作用(LUTI)研究进展与展望

研究目的:基于对国内外大量研究成果的梳理,对城市土地利用与交通相互作用(LUTI)的复杂机理展开系统回顾与述评,并尝试提出未来亟需重点关注的研究领域与方向。研究方法:文献资料法,对比分析法。研究结果:国内外实证研究领域及空间尺度表现出明显分异,部分研究结果亦呈现出差异化特征;国外热衷于引入多学科理论与方法构建LUTI一体化模型,而国内所引入的数学规划模型多停滞在理论分析与模拟层面,应用性相对有限,但近年来国内学者逐渐加强LUTI协调性评价,研究领域呈现出新特征。研究结论:全球可持续发展背景下,LUTI研究为实现城市土地利用与交通的协调发展提供了良好基础,未来应加强对LUTI模型方法与互馈机理的研究,并深入探讨现代交通发展对土地利用的影响机制,环境、社会因素亦应引起重视,国内学界则应注重本土性与应用性研究。