Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions

Active host-pathogen interactions take place during infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Outcomes of these interactions determine the efficiency of viral infection and subsequent disease progression. HIV- infected cells respond to viral invasion with various defensive strategies such as innate, cellular and humoral immune antiviral mechanisms. On the other hand, the virus has also developed various offensive tactics to suppress these host cellular responses. Among many of the viral offensive strategies, HIV-1 viral auxiliary proteins (Tat, Rev, Nef, Vif, Vpr and Vpu) play important roles in the host-pathogen interaction and thus have significant impacts on the outcome of HIV infection. One of the best examples is the interaction of Vif with a host cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G. Although specific roles of other auxiliary proteins are not as well described as Vif-APOBEC3G interaction, it is the goal of this brief review to summarize some of the preliminary findings with the hope to stimulate further discussion and investiga- tion in this exhilarating area of research.

Identifying the interactions in a colored dynamical network

The interactions of a colored dynamical network play a great role in its dynamical behaviour and are denoted by outer and inner coupling matrices. In this paper, the outer and inner coupting matrices are assumed to be unknown and need to be identified. A corresponding network estimator is designed for identifying the unknown interactions by adopting proper adaptive laws. Based on the Lyapunov function method and Barbalat＇s lemma, the obtained result is analytically proved. A colored network coupled with chaotic Lorenz, Chen, and Lii systems is considered as a numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Jet modification in absence of QGP-medium:the role of multiparton interactions and color reconnection

Recent studies on high-multiplicity events in small collision systems(proton-proton and proton-lead)have drawn considerable research interest toward the possibility of the formation of partonic medium in such systems.One of the important consequences of the formation of dense partonic medium is the quenching of high-momentum final-state particles,resulting in several experimental observations such as suppression in nuclear modification factor RAA,modification of jet shape observableρ(r)and jet fragmentation(z^(ch))distributions,etc.In this work,we studyρ(r)and z^(ch)for inclusive charged-particle jets in proton-proton(pp)collisions at√s=13 TeV using the PYTHIA 8 Monash 2013 Monte Carlo simulation.We show that the color reconnection(CR)and multiparton interaction(MPI)mechanisms in PYTHIA 8 can lead to an increased rate of jet production.We also find that the mechanisms of MPI and CR and change in the gluonic contribution in high-multiplicity events result in significant modification ofρ(r)and z^(ch)compared to those in minimum bias events for 10<p_(T,jet)^(ch)<20 GeV/c.We notice a direct connection of<N_(MPI)>and gluonic contribution with the amount of modification inρ(r):the larger the number of MPIs and/or gluonic contribution,the larger the amount of modification ofρ(r).

New targets number estimation method under colored noise background

A multiple targets detection method based on spatial smoothing （MTDSS） is proposed to solve the problem of the source number estimation under the colored noise background. The forward and backward smoothing based on auxiliary vectors which are received data on some specific elements is computed. By the spatial smoothing with auxiliary vectors, the correlated signals are decorrelated, and the colored noise is partially alleviated. The correlation matrix formed from the cross correlations between subarray data and auxiliary vectors is computed. By exploring the second-order statistics property of the covariance matrix, a threshold based on Gerschgorin radii of the smoothing correlation matrix is set to estimate the number of sources. Simulations and experimental results validate that MTDSS has an effective performance under the condition of the colored noise background and coherent sources, and MTDSS is robust with the correlated factor of signals and noise.

Enhancement and modulation of terahertz radiation by multi-color laser pulses

We study theoretically intense terahertz radiation from multi-color laser pulse with uncommon frequency ratios. Com- paring the two-color laser scheme, of which the uncommon frequency ratio should be set to be a specific value, we show that by using multi-color harmonic laser pulses as the first pump component, the lasers as the second pump component can be adjusted in a continuous frequency range. Moreover, these multi-color laser pulses can effectively modulate and enhance the terahertz radiation, and the terahertz yield increases with the increase of the wavelength of the uncommon pump com- ponent and is stable to the laser relative phase. Finally, we utilize the electron densities and velocities of ionization events to illustrate the physical mechanism of the intense terahertz generation.

Research of Natural Gesture Recognition and Interactive Technology Compatible with YCb Crand HSV Color Space

In view of the current gesture recognition algorithm based on skin color segmentation is not flexible and has weak resistance to the environment, this paper puts forward a new method of skin color modeling to improve the adaptability of gesture segmentation when it face to different states. The modeling built by double color space instead of only one is compatible both in YCbCr and HSV color space to training the Gaussian model which can update the threshold value for binarization. Finally, this paper designed a natural gesture recognition and interactive systems based on the double color space model. It has shown that the system has a good interactive experience in different environments.

Quark-Antiquark and Diquark Condensates in Vacuum in Two-Flavor Four-Fermion Interaction Models with Any Color Number N_c

The color number Nc-dependence of the interplay between quark-antiquark condensates （q^-q） and diquark condensates （qq） in vacuum in two-flavor four-fermion interaction models is researched. The results show that the Gs-Hs （the coupling constant of scalar （q^-q）2-scalar （qq）2 channel） phase diagrams will be qualitatively consistent with the case of Nc = 3 as Nc varies in 4D Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and 219 Gross Neveu （GN） model, However, in 3D GN model, the behavior of the Gs-Hp （the coupling constant of pseudoscalar （qq）^2 channel） phase diagram will obviously depend on No. The known characteristic that a 3D GN model does not have the coexistence phase of the condensates （q^-q） and （qq） is proven to appear only in the case of Nc ≤ 4. In all the models, the regions occupied by the phases containing the diquark condensates （qq） in corresponding phase diagrams will gradually decrease as Nc grows up and finally go to zero if Nc → ∞, i.e. in this limit only the pure （q^-q） phase could exist.

Face Detection and Localization in Color Images: An Efficient Neural Approach

Automatic face detection and localization is a key problem in many computer vision tasks. In this paper, a simple yet effective approach for detecting and locating human faces in color images is proposed. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, a particular reference to face detection techniques along with a background to neural networks is given. Second, and maybe most importantly, an adaptive cubic-spline neural network is designed to be used to detect and locate human faces in uncontrolled environments. The experimental results conducted on our test set show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and it can compare favorably with other state-of-the-art approaches in the literature.

Two-color laser wavelength effect on intense terahertz generation in air

Near-IR femtosecond lasers have been proposed to produce high-field terahertz radiation in the air via the laser-plasma interaction, but the physical mechanism still needs to be further explored. In this work, we theoretically investigate the effect of the two-color laser wavelength on the terahertz generation in the air based on a transient photocurrent model.We show that the long wavelength laser excitation can greatly enhance the terahertz amplitude for a given total laser intensity. Furthermore, we utilize a local current model to illustrate the enhancement mechanism. Our analysis shows that the terahertz amplitude is determined by the superposition of contributions from individual ionization events, and for the long wavelength laser excitation, the electron production concentrates in a few ionization events and acquires the larger drift velocities, which results in the stronger terahertz radiation generation. These results will be very helpful for understanding the terahertz generation process and optimizing the terahertz output.

基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱色彩设计方法

军用座舱色彩设计作为载人军事设备工业设计中较为主观的一部分,设计的合理性至关重要。为提高军用座舱色彩设计的科学性,提出一种基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱配色方法。利用深度表征学习模型预测军用座舱配色方案,并根据色彩感知理论建立军用座舱配色模型,将其作为生成方案的限制条件。同时,引入交互式遗传算法到智能配色系统中,通过人工引导的方式优化神经网络的参数,对预测的配色方案进行有效迭代。实验结果表明:该方法生成的配色方案符合军用座舱配色模型,结合遗传算法的模型预测准确率比单一的深度表征模型提高了16%~18%。相较于人工色彩设计方案,军用座舱智能配色方法生成的方案满意度略优、设计周期缩短了80%~88%,色彩稳定性提高了6%~12%。

环保型助剂对棉织物染色均匀性与色牢度的影响

随着环保法规的日益严格和消费者对可持续产品需求的增加,传统的染料和助剂在棉织物中的应用虽然能够提高染色效果,但伴随着环境污染与资源浪费,无法满足可持续发展的要求。环保型助剂因具有环保特性,可以促进棉织物染色工艺的绿色化,有利于环保和经济效益的共同发展。采用实验研究方法,探讨环保型助剂对棉织物染色均匀性与色牢度的影响,以期为环保型助剂的进一步创新和纺织行业可持续发展战略的制定提供参考。

载人航天人机交互界面色彩设计方法研究

目的对载人航天人机交互界面的色彩设计方法流程进行了梳理和分析。方法遵循“以人为中心”的设计原则,从色彩空间与模型、色彩设计与人因、航天色彩设计范围、载人航天器色彩设计模型,以及载人航天器色彩设计与人因评价体系等方面,对载人航天器人机交互界面色彩设计方法流程体系进行了探讨。结果构建了载人航天色彩设计模型,阐述了完整的载人航天色彩设计方法流程体系。结论针对载人航天人机交互色彩设计方法的研究为航天员在轨环境中的生活品质及工作效能等相关领域的提高提供了有力支持,进一步增强了航天领域色彩设计与人因工程的重要性。

互动视野下的国际中文微课研究

基于国际中文线上教学互动分析框架,以《HSK标准教程(三级)》系列微课为研究对象,分析国际中文微课的课堂互动行为和辅助互动行为。研究发现,该课程互动框架思路清晰,非言语类互动设置得当;与此同时,思考时间的安排相对有限,个性化互动环节有待加强。由此尝试探索提升国际中文微课互动性的主要策略:将宏观模式与微观设计相结合,增强互动过程的直观性与情感性,增加个性化的人机交互。希望通过这一个案研究,能够加深对国际中文线上教学互动性的科学认识,切实提高国际中文线上教学实践的真实性、交际性、情境性。

基于边缘检测的数字媒体深度交互式图像分割算法

针对数字媒体深度交互式图像受噪声干扰,导致其边缘检测效果较差,影响其分割精度的问题,提出基于边缘检测的数字媒体深度交互式图像分割算法。首先,利用小波变换方法对数字媒体中的图像进行去噪处理,提高图像分割精度;其次,使用高斯函数与低通滤波增强去噪后的图像,提高图像的清晰度,为图像分割提供便利;最后,依据自适应阈值算法对数字媒体的图像进行边缘检测,像素合集中存在上下阈值。根据其上下阈值的计算求出像素合集中的高低两个阈值,并对其实施边缘连接,实现数字媒体图像分割。实验结果表明,所提方法对分割数字媒体图像去噪效果好,分割精度和效率高。

基于ADMM的共享储能参与电网辅助服务的分布式优化模型

提出了一种共享储能参与主动配电网辅助服务市场的互动博弈优化模型和基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的分布式求解方法。设计了共享储能参与主动配电网辅助服务市场的框架与互动运行模式;考虑主动配电网的优化运行目标与共享储能设备的约束条件,建立了主动配电网与共享储能的互动博弈优化模型;基于ADMM,将系统全局互动博弈问题分解为分布式优化问题,并进行分布式优化求解。以改进IEEE 33节点系统为算例进行仿真,结果验证了所提互动博弈优化模型和分布式求解方法的合理性与有效性,表明所提方法能在保护共享储能和主动配电网隐私的情形下,兼顾主动配电网的经济性与安全性需求,实现主动配电网与共享储能用户的互利共赢。

发酵食品中噬菌体多样性、辅助代谢功能及宿主互作研究进展

噬菌体是地球上多样性最高和最丰富的生物实体。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的不断发展,人们对各种生境中噬菌体组成和功能的研究日渐增多,发酵食品中噬菌体组的研究也越来越受到关注。发酵食品中的噬菌体通过裂解循环和溶原循环两个生命周期与细菌宿主之间发生相互作用、扮演重要生态角色,影响微生物群落结构演替。噬菌体也具有潜在辅助代谢功能,并在一定程度上影响发酵食品风味物质形成。本文对发酵食品噬菌体研究现状和热点进行了综述,重点介绍了发酵食品中噬菌体组成及多样性、噬菌体基因组DNA提取方法、辅助代谢功能以及噬菌体与宿主相互作用及机制(如规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列、结合受体),最后对发酵食品领域噬菌体研究未来发展方向作出了展望,以期为噬菌体在发酵食品领域的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

白菜种子cDNA酵母文库的构建及BrTTG1互作蛋白的筛选及分析

【目的】通过构建白菜种子的cDNA文库,筛选WDR 40蛋白TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1(TTG1)的互作蛋白,探究TTG1参与MBW三元复合体调控种皮原花青素形成的分子机制。【方法】以棕籽白菜自交系‘B147’的种子为材料,提取总RNA并建立cDNA文库,通过gateway技术构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-TTG1并进行酵母双杂交筛库。【结果】酵母文库库容为1.2×10^(7)CFU,文库滴度是5.0×10^(7)CFU/mL,插入片段平均长度大于1000 bp,诱饵载体在酵母中无自激活活性。通过构建的诱饵载体pGBKT7-TTG1与构建的cDNA文库杂交,共获得了38个阳性互作蛋白,功能预测显示其中一个蛋白注释为MYB转录因子,注释为MYB73,序列分析结果显示该基因含有R2R3-MYB型抑制子保守基序C1和C2,推测该基因为白菜中参与种皮颜色形成的R2R3-MYB型抑制子,暗示着白菜中可能存在不同MYB转录因子参与的调控网络,影响着原花青素的形成。【结论】本研究构建了白菜种子组织的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,获得了38个TTG1阳性互作蛋白,首次挖掘到了可能影响白菜种皮颜色原花青素形成的R2R3-MYB型抑制子MYB73,为后期探究白菜种皮原花青素的调控网络奠定良好的基础。

逻辑驱动的整距叠绕组建模与辅助检修应用

针对大型水力发电机整距叠绕组零部件数量多、线棒间连接逻辑复杂,致使难以快速实现数字化建模的问题,提出了一种基于连接逻辑驱动的发电机整距叠绕组建模方法。首先,结合三维建模软件和三维可视化应用引擎平台,构建了交互式虚拟零部件模型库;然后,根据整距叠绕组的电气原理,将其连接逻辑转换为关系清晰的二维序列,实现绕组在虚拟场景中快速可视化;最后,利用计算机可快速理解的逻辑驱动模型,设计了发电机定子绕组结构认知、故障检修等辅助应用。该方法缩短了构建定子绕组三维模型时间,同时层次清晰的设备树与三维可视化模型的结合、人机交互界面,有助于运维人员快速理解绕组复杂结构及其装配关系。

基于多源数据融合和交互式粒子群优化的船舶舱室内装智能色彩设计研究

色彩在增强船舱吸引力、优化乘客体验方面扮演着至关重要的角色.为了准确有效地评估舱室内装色彩设计与乘客情绪感知之间的联系,通过整合环境数据、情感需求分析和用户反馈等多源信息,提出并设计了一种基于沉浸式虚拟现实(Immersive Virtual Reality,IVR)的集成框架.首先,建立一个包含视觉和谐和人体偏好两种测量方法的优化模型,用于评估色彩搭配的美学性能.然后,采用愉悦相关的语言价值赋值方法估计色彩搭配的视觉和谐得分.为了求解该优化模型,采用了一种基于小群体的交互式粒子群优化(Interactive Particle Swarm Optimization,IPSO)算法,通过人工判断来考虑情绪对色彩搭配的偏好.原型系统在游戏引擎环境Unity 3D中开发,以头戴式显示设备HTC Vive实现,提供了交互式和身临其境的用户体验.最后,通过整合多源数据在不同的船舱室内场景中进行用户测试,验证研究框架.测试结果表明,该方法可以在舱室场景中自动调整船舱色彩,使其更加符合乘客的情感需求.

传统壁画色彩数字化采集及管理小程序构建研究

目的从设计学角度提出传统壁画色彩数字化采集、保护及传播的设计策略,通过“云图像色彩数据采集技术+数字交互小程序构建”来实现传统壁画色彩的数字化提取与传播,助推传统色彩文化的传承、保护、传播与创新。方法以永乐宫壁画为研究对象,在案例研究、文献研究基础上,通过云图像聚类算法以物象为基础对壁画色彩进行数字化提取和汇总,结合数字平台的体验特征,搭建永乐宫壁画色彩小程序,为壁画色彩信息的保护和当代设计中的转化提供数据、路径支持。结论通过设计学、图案学、数字技术将中国传统壁画中色彩信息进行数字化提取及交互式汇总传播,不仅能够更好地保护和弘扬中国传统色彩文化,同时为以国风为主题的各类设计提供精准的色彩数据支持。