Response of cucumber plants to increased UV-B radiation under water stress

Three days old cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was grown in a factorial design under two levels of water condition (well watered and drought) and two supplemental levels of ultraviolet\|B(280—320 nm) irradiance(0, 0\^24, 0\^42 W/m\+2) for 30 days. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under visible light with 400 μmol/(m\+2.s), day\|night temperature 32/20℃ and relative humidity 70±10%. The combination of UV\|B radiation and water stress resulted in the decrease in plant height, leaf area ratio and relative growth rate, and increase in specific leaf mass and net assimilation rate. There was almost no effect of ultraviolet\|B radiation on the contents of chlorophyll a and b under water stress. However, interactive effects of ultraviolet\|B radiation and water conditions on the content of anthocyanin were much great. UV\|B irradiance with water stress also caused a reduction in net photosynthesis, apparent quantum efficiency, gas exchange and stomatal resistance, and an increase in evaporation.

Parenting Styles and Adolescent Misbehavior

Adolescence is a crucial period for character development and is particularly susceptible to parental influence due to the brain's malleability:This paper examines whether parenting styles can have a significant impact on adolescent misbehaviors such as disobedience and aggression.The results show that,in comparison with negleciful parenting-characterized by low levels of demandingness and responsiveness-authoritative,authoritarian,and permissive parenting styles were associated with a significant reduction in behavioral issues among adolescents.The beneficial impact of authoritative parenting,marked by high demandingness and responsiveness,was particularly strong.In contrast,authoritarian parenting(high demandingness but low responsiveness)and permissive parenting(high responsiveness but low demandingness)were less effective in reducing behavioral issues.Our results remained robust after addressing potential issues of reverse causality,omitted variable bias,and selective sorting between teachers and students.The results also show that teachers and their interactions with parents played an important role in mitigating the adverse effects of neglectful parenting.Overall,our findings suggest that adopting parenting styles that strike a balance between discipline and care can strongly fosterpositivebehaviors in adolescents.

Thirty Years of Multiple Sequence Codes

An overview is presented on the status of studies on multiple codes in genetic sequences. Indirectly, the existence of multiple codes is recognized in the form of several rediscoveries of Second Genetic Code that is different each time. A due credit is given to earlier seminal work related to the codes often neglected in literature. The latest developments in the field of chromatin code are discussed, as well as perspectives of single-base resolution studies of nucleosome positioning, including rotational setting of DNA on the surface of the histone octamers.