Transport diffuse interface model for simulation of solid-fluid interaction

For solid-fluid interaction, one of the phase-density equations in diffuse interface models is degenerated to a "0 = 0" equation when the volume fraction of a certain phase takes the value of zero or unity. This is because the conservative variables in phasedensity equations include volume fractions. The degeneracy can be avoided by adding an artificial quantity of another material into the pure phase. However, nonphysical waves,such as shear waves in fluids, are introduced by the artificial treatment. In this paper,a transport diffuse interface model, which is able to treat zero/unity volume fractions, is presented for solid-fluid interaction. In the proposed model, a new formulation for phase densities is derived, which is unrelated to volume fractions. Consequently, the new model is able to handle zero/unity volume fractions, and nonphysical waves caused by artificial volume fractions are prevented. One-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical tests demonstrate that more accurate results can be obtained by the proposed model.

The Creative Design Research of Product Appearance Based on Human-machine Interaction and Interface

Today’s product creative design has rendered many fe atures and has brought a great change in our everyday life, there are many new c hallenges in its traditional theory and principle. According to the traditional design theory, the FBS design model pays more attention to the function and stru cture of the product. But this model still couldn’t strengthen the relation bet ween product appearance design and human-machine design effectively. This paper adopt converse design thinking and presents an improved design thinking methodo logy based on C: FBS for product appearance design and give a general summarizat ion for the features, methods and technology based on human-machine interaction and interface. Meanwhile it also combines with the behavior design of product r elated IT fields and constructs a new outline to improve the design of product a ppearance supported by the technology of computer aided design. So the new metho d about design thinking for computer aided design, the new abstract product design model and the key problem of design thinking based on human-machine inte raction and interface are addressed in this paper. This kind of creative design theory that is driven by human-machine interaction and interface will help the development of CAD software system and the research of product design and manufa cture. Additionally, this paper gives some beneficial characters to address the theory based on human-machine interaction and interface. Meanwhile, combining with the developing of computer technology, the trends of design thinking based on t he technology of human-machine interaction and interface are also analyzed and discussed at the end of this paper.

Numerical study on shock-accelerated heavy gas cylinderswith diffusive interfaces

Interactions of shock wave and heavy gas cylinders with different diffusive interfaces are numerically investigated. Comparisons among these interfaces are made in terms of cylinder morphology, wave system evolution, fluids mixing, and circulation generation. Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the present work to simulate the complex multi-fluid flow. The fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme is used to compute the numerical flux. The influence of interface diffusion is revealed by the numerical results. The cylinders with similar geometric scale but different diffusion interface have great similarities in the hydrodynamic characteristics, including the interface morphology, shock focusing and molecular mixing, as well as circulation deposition. For the cases with more serious interface diffusion, the cylinder develops into more regular vortex pairs. The diffusive interface greatly mitigates the strength of the reflected shock wave and weakens the shock focusing capability. Some interface structural features are also recorded and analyzed. The diffusive interface brings about slower molecular mixing and less circulation generation. The circulation deposition on different interfaces is quantitatively investigated and compared with the theoretical models. The theoretical models are found to be applicable to the scenarios of diffusive interfaces.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Interface Properties between Water-Based Inorganic Zinc Silicate Coating Modified by Organosilicone and Iron Substrate

The interface properties of Fe(101)/zinc silicate modified by organo-siloxane(KH-570)was studied by using the method of molecular dynamics simulation.By calculating the temperature and energy fluctuation of equilibrium state,equilibrium concentration distribution,MSD of layer and different groups,and interaction energy of two interface models,the influencing mechanism on the interface properties of adding organosiloxane into coating system was studied at the atomic scale.It shows that the temperature and energy of interface oscillated in a small range and it was exited in a state of dynamic equilibrium within the initial simulation stage(t<20 ps).It can be seen from the multiple peak states of concentration distribution that the iron substrate,organo-siloxane and zinc silicate are distributed in the form of a concentration gradient in the real environment.The rapid diffusion of free zinc powder in zinc silicate coating was the essential reason that affected the comprehensive properties of coating.The interface thickness decreased from 7.45 to 6.82Å,the MSD of free zinc powder was effectively reduced,and the interfacial energy was increased from 104.667 to 347.158 kcal/mol after being modified by organo-siloxane.

A DSS for Human Resettlement: Supporting Interactive Optimal Decisions

Decisions regarding relocation of people due to environmental requirements can be very complex and may have serious socio-economic implications. We present the design of a Decision Support System to support such decision making processes involving many inputs, human preferences and multiple objectives.

Mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless track in highspeed railway:effect of train–track interaction and environment loads

Due to the fact that ballastless tracks in highspeed railways are not only subjected to repeated train–track dynamic interaction loads,but also suffer from complex environmental loads,the fundamental understanding of mechanical performance of ballastless tracks under sophisticated service conditions is an increasingly demanding and challenging issue in high-speed railway networks.This work aims to reveal the effect of train–track interaction and environment loads on the mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless tracks in high-speed railways,particularly focusing on the typical interface damage evolution between track layers.To this end,a finite element model of a double-block ballastless track involving the cohesive zone model for the track interface is first established to analyze the mechanical properties of the track interface under the loading–unloading processes of the negative temperature gradient load(TGL)followed by the same cycle of the positive TGL.Subsequently,the effect of wheel–rail longitudinal interactions on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the track interface is investigated by using a vehicle-slab track vertical-longitudinal coupled dynamics model.Finally,the influence of dynamic water pressure induced by vehicle dynamic load on the mechanical characteristics and damage evolution of the track interface is elucidated using a fluid–solid coupling method.Results show that the loading history of the positive and negative TGLs has a great impact on the nonlinear development and distribution of the track interface stress and damage;the interface damage could be induced by the wheel–rail longitudinal vibrations at a high vehicle running speed owing to the dynamic amplification effect caused by short wave irregularities;the vehicle dynamic load could produce considerable water pressure that presents nonlinear spatial–temporal characteristics at the track interface,which would lead to the interface failure under a certain condition due to the coupled dynamic effect of vehicle load and water pressure.

Nonlinear elastic model for compacted clay concrete interface

In this paper,a nonlinear elastic model was developed to simulate the behavior of compacted clay concrete interface(CCCI)based on the principle of transition mechanism failure(TMF).A number of simple shear tests were conducted on CCCI to demonstrate different failure mechanisms;i.e.,sliding failure and deformation failure.The clay soil used in the test was collected from the"Shuang Jang Kou"earth rockfill dam project.It was found that the behavior of the interface depends on the critical water contents by which two failure mechanisms can be recognized.Mathematical relations were proposed between the shear at failure and water content in addition to the transition mechanism indicator.The mathematical relations were then incorporated into the interface model.The performance of the model is verified with the experimental results.The verification shows that the proposed model is capable of predicting the interface shear stress versus the total shear displacement very well.

群智创新时代下社区居家养老服务交互设计研究

目的解决目前养老中因服务组织参与度不高及智能交互产品利用率低下而导致的养老服务质量欠佳的问题。方法通过对当前社区居家养老服务现状进行分析,结合群智创新的发展及特点,分析养老服务设计的群智创新过程,提出了群智创新时代下基于用户的养老服务新组织,借助KANO模型原理对养老服务需求项目进行群体用户分析,并对分析数据结果进行优先顺序排序,获得老年用户群体对养老服务设计的真实需求情况。结果构建了以用户为中心的社区居家养老服务设计框架,并结合服务设计工具进行智能交互界面设计。结论对交互设计界面的测评显示,老年人对其满意度极高,该养老服务新模式有别于传统养老模式,顺应当今群智创新时代下大数据、互联网、云平台等科技的发展需求,在提高养老服务满意度的同时,使养老服务质量达到最优的效果。

基于SolidWorks的钢丝绳参数化建模系统

针对空间结构复杂的钢丝绳,设计和建模过程较繁琐的问题,对SolidWorks进行二次开发,实现钢丝绳快速参数化建模。该方法首先对特定型号钢丝绳参数方程和扫掠所需法平面圆进行计算,对计算结果进行编程化处理,基于Visual Studio编程平台,利用VB.net语言和对应API函数,实现钢丝绳快速参数化建模。以弯曲状6×7+IWS钢丝绳为例,对钢丝法平面圆的参数方程推导过程进行了详细介绍,一键绘制了弯曲状6×7+IWS钢丝绳模型,对所建模型进行有限元分析,验证所得此建模方法所建模型精确可靠,可提高钢丝绳建模效率,具有一定实用性。

基于eHMI的车外人机交互信任影响因素研究

目的更好地发挥车外人机交互界面(eHMI)的潜在优势,研究车外人机交互过程中的信任影响机制。方法首先基于自动化信任理论,提出感知可靠性、感知透明度、感知熟悉度、感知车辆性能、感知品牌信誉和感知主观倾向等6个车外人机交互信任影响因素,然后使用结构方程模型的方法对305名被调查者进行数据分析,由此建立车外人机交互信任影响因素的理论模型。结果行人通过对eHMI信号感知而形成的信任能够影响对自动驾驶汽车的信任,行人对eHMI的信任一定程度上转移成为行人对车辆的信任,eHMI的辅助作用得到体现。强调了eHMI设计中感知可靠性的重要性,这能够被熟悉度、透明度和品牌信誉所影响。同时,行人的主观倾向和对车辆性能的感知也是影响信任水平的重要因素。结论研究结果为车外人机交互信任对于自动驾驶汽车在未来道路上使用的重要性提供了证据,同时也为eHMI的设计提供了参考和建议。

大语言模型驱动的交互式建筑设计新范式——基于Rhino7的概念验证

随着社会对建筑设计质量要求越来越高,建筑设计软件也变得越来越专业和复杂。现在的设计软件不仅学习成本高,而且交互模式复杂。大语言模型(LLM)的最新突破使计算机清晰地理解人类自然语言指令,并准确生成代码语言具有可行性,有望为人与软件的交互范式提供新思路。因此,本文提出了LLM驱动的交互式建筑设计新范式--将设计师通过多次键鼠操作与设计软件交互转变为LLM根据设计师自然语言指令生成并执行API调用脚本的方式;提出了技术路线并验证了其在建筑设计场景落地的可能性。该技术路线包括:①LLM根据用户指令从API库中搜索与任务相关的API;②LLM基于指令和候选API摘要信息编写程序脚本并运行;③LLM根据来自软件环境、用户等反馈改进优化所编写的程序脚本。通过Rhino7设计软件、GPT-4和CodeLlaMa完成多个设计任务,测试当前LLM是否具备执行该技术路线各关键环节的能力。测试结果不仅证明了LLM驱动的交互式设计范式在建筑设计场景已初具落地前景,也为技术落地提供经验和建议。该设计范式的落地可以降低软件的使用门槛和学习成本,提高设计师工作效率;有望在未来的建筑设计软件中发挥重要作用。

基于界面本构模型的砂土中单桩荷载−沉降响应预测方法

基于界面本构模型提出了一种新的砂土中单桩荷载沉降响应的预测方法。首先,从土−结构界面本构模型出发推导了严格的桩−土界面非线性荷载传递模型,该模型承继了界面本构模型特征,能够模拟桩−土界面上发生的应变硬化/软化、剪胀与应力路径依赖性等行为。此外,采用双曲线荷载传递模型模拟桩端−土相互作用的非线性应力−位移关系。上述荷载传递模型所需参数可以通过室内界面剪切试验和土工试验进行校准。继而,基于荷载传递法,提出了单桩荷载沉降响应分析的一维计算模型,并采用迭代算法进行数值求解。最后,将理论解答与已报道的模型试验、自主开展的模型桩试验以及数值模拟结果进行比较,以验证所提出的理论方法的正确性。试验结果表明,预测值与实测值吻合较好,且该方法能够很好地预测非位移桩与位移桩的荷载沉降响应。提出了一个基于界面本构模型的单桩荷载沉降响应分析框架,为竖向荷载下砂土中单桩优化设计提供了理论参考。

离散制造生产线可配置数字孪生数据系统设计

数据系统为数字孪生系统的运行提供了高效、稳定的数据支撑。为解决目前数据系统在构建过程中存在的数据元描述异构、数据系统更新维护困难、数据交互接口多样等问题,提出一种基于可配置思想的数字孪生数据系统柔性构建方法,包括3项关键技术:生产数据规范化建模、数据系统的柔性配置生成和重构,以及数据系统交互接口设计。最后,以某活塞生产线为实例进行了数字孪生数据系统的实现,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性,为离散制造过程中,数字孪生数据系统的实现提供了技术解决方案。

基于福格行为模型的智能洗衣机交互设计策略

根据福格行为模型为智能洗衣机的交互设计提供有效策略,以优化用户与智能洗衣机之间的互动。采用任务观察法和访谈法观察用户对中途添衣功能的操作行为,找出用户与智能洗衣机之间“沟通”存在的问题。运用用户操作行为的观察帮助设计师了解用户操作动机与能力,将用户进行分组以对应福格模型当中不同的触发器属性。依照触发器属性的特性作为设计策略产出方向并产出智能洗衣机交互界面反馈与提示的相关设计。挖掘出智能洗衣机交互界面相关痛点并提出有效的设计策略,提高用户对智能洗衣机功能的使用动机并降低智能洗衣机的使用难度。用户行为观察方法对智能洗衣机交互界面的设计策略产出具有显著的辅助性。

基于TAM模型的智能健康监测APP交互界面设计

为改善老年人使用智能健康监测APP时的用户体验,文章首先基于TAM模型构建老年用户智能健康监测APP使用意愿的假设模型,采用李克特五级量表进行打分,深入挖掘老年用户真实的使用需求。其次,将问卷调研所得数据进行分析与讨论,根据各指标接受度得出感知易用性、感知有用性、感知安全性、感知愉悦性、交互界面、行为意向等对于智能健康监测APP交互界面的影响。最后,提出智能健康监测APP交互方面的设计改进思路,改善老年人对于智能健康监测APP的使用体验,减小老年人与智能数字产品的技术鸿沟,从而保障老年人的身心健康。

基于用户体验6A模型的智能运动APP设计策略

基于智能运动APP的用户体验和功能需求,运用6A模型和15种用户体验因子对其进行优化分析。通过对智能运动APP领域的研究,明确了6A模型在该领域的介入点和应用价值,根据6A层级提出优化设计策略,并进行实践验证。从用户体验视角出发,强调了界面设计与用户交互的重要性,旨在为未来智能运动APP的开发提供新的思路和视角。

基于出错认知模型的矿山救援AR头盔界面交互设计研究

目的为更好地减少矿山救援过程中的出错行为,提高矿山救援的成效。方法从出错认知理论出发,分析救援场景下对任务中相关信息的视觉认知行为,从认知加工的四个过程分析得出矿山救援场景下的出错因子,以矿山救援场景AR交互信息为研究对象进行出错因子认知模拟实验,获得矿山救援场景相较于其他场景具有特殊性的AR头盔交互界面信息设计影响要素。结论依据实验结论,对矿山救援AR头盔交互界面开展信息设计,以提高救援效率,最终输出初步的交互设计方案,通过降低交互界面的认知难度,提高救援人员的反应速度和准确度,保证该系统可以有效降低任务失败率。

面向推拿康复机器人的人机交互界面数字建模与动力学研究

目的采集、分析专业医师推拿手法的运动学、动力学特征,并基于仿人手设计的多功能推拿头,开发一种适用于多种按摩手法、学习专业医师推拿力度曲线的力度柔顺控制算法,以期提供一种实现推拿机器人运动学、动力学复现的方法。方法首先基于传统中医按摩理论,对滚法、揉法、振法进行运动学以及动力学分析,将其动作特征进行抽取解耦,形成多维度的运动学和动力学模式化表达。其次通过推拿手法测定仪以及动作捕捉系统,对专业医师推拿手法动作进行运动学、动力学数据采集。最后基于一款仿人手设计的多功能按摩头,以专业医师推拿手法信息为示教,对推拿手法的空间轨迹、力度曲线进行学习并开发力度柔顺控制算法。结果推拿头和专业医师的滚法力度最大值分别为52.18 N、55.10 N,最小值分别为29.71 N、6.23 N,推拿头推拿过程中力度曲线的波形与专业医师比较接近。推拿头执行揉法力度的平均值、最大值以及最小值相对于专业医师的误差分别为-0.51%、3.58%和-3.56%,推拿头和专业医师推拿力度的标准差、偏度与峭度均十分接近。推拿头和专业医师的振法最大值分别为21.82 N、21.54 N,频率分别为3.67 Hz、14.30 Hz。推拿头与专业医师的上述几种手法的平均力度相对误差均小于10%,力度曲线、推拿力度、频率等动力学特征基本相同。结论本文提出的方法能够有效复现推拿动作的动力学特征,验证了推拿手法的动力学复现的可行性。

基于XML的界面模板技术

从一种支持用户界面自动生成的界面模型FMP出发,阐述了界面模板的基本概念并讨论了其各种形式表示。在此基础上,详细探讨了有关界面模板表示形式的转换以及界面模板的检索等技术,最后给出了一个界面模板库系统的体系结构。

手持移动计算中的多通道交互

手持移动计算已逐渐成为当今主流的计算模式之一,人机交互是其中的关键问题.多通道用户界面和多通道交互方式能够有效地提高移动环境中人机交互的效率.讨论了移动环境中的多通道交互模型,并结合设计开发的移动导游系统TGH(tour guide on hand),分析了多通道交互在手持移动计算中的应用.性能测试表明,笔和语音结合的多通道交互方式在移动环境中能够较好地提高人机交互效率.